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Epidemiological investigation and analysis of human papillomavirus infection and cataract development

VirusDisease 2025年第1期36卷 20-30页

作者： Li, Jing-Xing Hsu, Shu-Bai Huang, Yu-Han Tsai, Fuu-Jen Department of Internal Medicine China Medical University Hospital Number 2 Yude Road North District Taichung Taiwan School of Medicine China Medical University Taichung China Graduate Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Nursing China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Management Office for Health Data China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung China Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Division of Medical Genetics China Medical University Children’s Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Asia University Taichung Japan

Animal studies indicated that human papillomavirus (HPV) transgenic mice develop cataract. Viral infections have been proposed as a potential contributing factor of cataract. This study aimed to examine the association between HPV infection and the risk of developing cataract. We enrolled 224,203 individuals diagnosed with HPV infection between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2018, from the National Health Insurance research database of Taiwan. Propensity-score matching at a 1:1 ratio was conducted to obtain an HPV cohort and a matched non-HPV cohort. We used a Cox proportional hazards regression model to estimate the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval. The adjusted hazard ratio for developing cataract was 1.36 (95% confidence interval, 1.32−1.39;p < 0.001) in the HPV cohort, and the risk of developing cataract was age-dependent. Females were found to have a higher risk than males. The use of ophthalmic steroids was associated with an elevated risk of cataract formation. Multivariate analysis further highlighted a significant increase in cataract risk within the HPV cohort. Robust sensitivity analyses confirmed that the cumulative risk of cataract was substantially higher in the HPV cohort than in the non-HPV cohort over a 17-year follow-up period (log-rank test, p < 0.001). The use of chlorpromazine was associated with a lower risk of cataract development. However, a significant risk of cataract was observed in HPV patients concurrently treated with chlorpromazine (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.94;95% confidence interval, 1.82–13.44;p = 0.017). This nationwide cohort study showed that HPV infections are associated with an increased risk of cataract development. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Indian Virological Society 2024.

关键词： Age-related cataract Cataract Epidemiology HPV Human papillomavirus

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Association Between Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder and Subsequent Risk of Organic Erectile Dysfunction: A Population-based Cohort Analysis

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Bratislava Medical Journal 2025年 1-9页

作者： Hsieh, Wen-Che Huang, Yu-Han Hsu, Tzu-Ju Tsai, Fuu-Jen Hsu, Chao-Yu Department of Chinese Medicine Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Chia-Yi Taiwan Department of Nursing Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management Tainan Taiwan Management Office for Health Data Clinical Trial Research Center China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine College of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Division of Medical Genetics China Medical University Children’s Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Asia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Education Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Chia-Yi Taiwan Department of Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare Management Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taichung Taiwan Department of General Education National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan Department of Senior Citizen Service Management National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung Taiwan

Background: Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder (ACoS) is characterized by chronic shoulder pain, and previous research has shown that patients with chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome are more prone to erectile dysfunction (ED). The study aimed to determine whether ACoS, which also involves chronic pain, might contribute to the development of ED in affected men. Methods: This study used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance research database, identifying patients with ACoS from 2000 to 2017 and following them through 2018. A 1:1 propensity score matching was applied based on sex, age, comorbidities, medication use, and index year. The primary outcome was ED, classified as either organic or psychogenic. Results: After performing 1:1 propensity score matching, a total of 40,146 patients were included in both the ACoS and non-ACoS cohorts. Compared to individuals without ACoS, those with ACoS demonstrated significantly elevated risks of organic ED, psychogenic ED, and overall ED, with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.76, 1.91, and 1.76, respectively. Due to the relatively low number of psychogenic ED cases, the primary focus of this study was on organic ED. Further stratified analyses revealed that patients with ACoS consistently exhibited a significantly higher risk of developing organic ED across all age groups, irrespective of comorbid conditions or medication use. Conclusion: ACoS is significantly associated with an increased risk of organic ED. This association highlights the potential impact of musculoskeletal disorders on sexual health, underscoring the importance of comprehensive patient care. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava 2025.

关键词： Adhesive capsulitis Erectile dysfunction Frozen shoulder Population-based

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Dysregulation of microRNA in cholangiocarcinoma identified through a meta-analysis of microRNA profiling

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第29期26卷 4356-4371页

作者： Somsak Likhitrattanapisal Supeecha Kumkate Pravech Ajawatanawong Kanokpan Wongprasert Rutaiwan Tohtong Tavan Janvilisri National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Pathumthani 12120Thailand Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceMahidol UniversityBangkok 10400Thailand Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research Faculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkok 10700Thailand Department of Anatomy Faculty of ScienceMahidol UniversityBangkok 10400Thailand Department of Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceMahidol UniversityBangkok 10400Thailand

BACKGROUND In the past decades,the potential of microRNA(miRNA)in cancer diagnostics and prognostics has gained a lot of *** this study,a meta-analysis was conducted upon the pooled miRNA microarray data of cholangiocarcinoma(CCA).AIM To identify differentially expressed(DE)miRNAs and perform functional analyses in order to gain insights to understanding miRNA-target interactions involved in tumorigenesis pathways of *** Raw data from 8 CCA miRNA microarray datasets,consisting of 443 samples in total,were integrated and statistically analyzed to identify DE miRNAs via comparison of levels of miRNA expression between CCA and normal bile duct samples using t-tests(P<0.001).The 10-fold cross validation was performed in order to increase the robustness of the t-test *** data showed 70 up-regulated and 48 down-regulated miRNAs in CCA. GeneOntology and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that mRNA targets of DEmiRNAs were significantly involved in several biological processes. The mostprominent dysregulated pathways included phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases/Akt,mitogen-activated protein kinase and Ras signaling *** miRNAs found in our meta-analysis revealed dysregulation in major cancerpathways involved in the development of CCA. These results indicated thenecessity of understanding the miRNA-target interactions and the significance ofdysregulated miRNAs in terms of diagnostics and prognostics of cancers.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Microarray MicroRNA Meta-analysis

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Genetic effects of Red Lettuce Leaf genes on red coloration in leaf lettuce under artificial lighting conditions

Plant-Environment Interactions

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Plant-Environment Interactions 2022年第4期3卷 179-192页

作者： Wada, Kaede C. Inagaki, Noritoshi Sakai, Hiroaki Yamashita, Hiroto Nakai, Yusuke Fujimoto, Zui Yonemaru, Jun-ichi Itoh, Hironori Breeding Big Data Management and Utilization Group Division of Smart Breeding Research Institute of Crop Science National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tsukuba Japan Biomacromolecules Research Unit Research Center for Advanced Analysis Core Technology Research Headquarters National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tsukuba Japan Bioinformatics Unit Research Center for Advanced Analysis Core Technology Research Headquarters National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tsukuba Japan Greenhouse Vegetable Production Group Division of Field Crop and Vegetable Research Kyushu-Okinawa Agricultural Research Center National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Kurume Japan

Some cultivars of lettuce accumulate anthocyanins, which act as functional food ingredients. Leaf lettuce has been known to be erratic in exhibiting red color when grown under artificial light, and there is a need for cultivars that more stably exhibit red color in artificial light cultivation. In this study, we aimed to dissect the genetic architecture for red coloring in various leaf lettuce cultivars grown under artificial light. We investigated the genotype of Red Lettuce Leaf (RLL) genes in 133 leaf lettuce strains, some of which were obtained from publicly available resequencing data. By studying the allelic combination of RLL genes, we further analyzed the contribution of these genes to producing red coloring in leaf lettuce. From the quantification of phenolic compounds and corresponding transcriptome data, we revealed that gene expression level-dependent regulation of RLL1 (bHLH) and RLL2 (MYB) is the underlying mechanism conferring high anthocyanin accumulation in red leaf lettuce under artificial light cultivation. Our data suggest that different combinations of RLL genotypes cause quantitative differences in anthocyanin accumulation among cultivars, and some genotype combinations are more effective at producing red coloration even under artificial lighting. © 2022 The Authors. Plant-Environment Interactions published by New Phytologist Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： anthocyanin biosynthesis artificial light type plant factories genotyping leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa) MBW complex RNA-seq transcription factor transcriptome

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Earthquake Damage Report Interactive Dashboard Using Bayesian Structural Time Series and Value-Suppressing Uncertainty Palettes

Earthquake Damage Report Interactive Dashboard Using Bayesia...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST)

作者： Natthawut Adulyanukosol Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research Development and Promotion of Science and Technology Talents Project Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University

Earthquake Damage Report Interactive Dashboard addresses Mini Challenge 1 of VAST Challenge 2019. The project uses interactive visual analytics to report and summarize crowd-sourced damage reports temporally and spatially. We modelled the reports with Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) and encoded uncertainties in the reports visually with value-suppressing uncertainty palettes (VSUPs). The interactive visualization was developed with Vega and VueJS. We performed further analyses in Tableau. The dashboard and the challenge submission package can be found at https://***.

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Obstructive sleep apnea increases the risk of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia

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Postgraduate Medicine 2024年第1期136卷 22-29页

作者： Wang, Chih-An Hsieh, Wen-Che Hsu, Tzu-Ju Tsai, Fuu-Jen Hsu, Chao-Yu Division of Respiratory Therapy Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Chia-Yi Taiwan Department of Chinese Medicine Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Chia-Yi Taiwan Management Office for Health Data Clinical Trial Research Center China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine College of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Division of Medical Genetics China Medical University Children’s Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Asia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Education Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Chia-Yi Taiwan Department of Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare Management Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taichung Taiwan Center for General Education National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung Taiwan Department of General Education National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan

Objective: Diseases associated with chronic pain are typically a major source of stress for patients;and have been linked to herpes zoster (HZ) development. Here, we investigated whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a potential stressor that increases the risk of HZ and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in affected individuals. Methods: The data used in this study were obtained from the National Health Insurance research database. The study cohort included patients aged between 20 and 100 years who had OSA during the period from 2000 to 2017 (with tracking completed until 2018). The case group and the control group were matched at a 1:1 ratio on the basis of age, sex, comorbidities, and index year, with patients who had outcomes before the index date being excluded. The outcomes considered in this study were HZ and PHN. The risk of HZ and PHN with and without OSA was calculated, and age, sex, comorbidities, and index year were adjusted for. Results: There were 25,211 patients in each group. Patients with OSA had a significantly higher risk of HZ (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.22) than those without did. The patients with OSA had also a significantly higher risk of PHN (aHR = 1.36) than those without did. In term of comorbidities, the patients with OSA without (aHR = 1.28) and with (aHR = 1.17) comorbidities had a significantly higher risk of HZ compared with those without OSA. In addition, the patients with OSA but no other comorbidities (aHR = 1.68) had a significantly higher risk of PHN than those without did. Conclusion: OSA increases the risk of not only HZ but also PHN. Therefore, patients with OSA should be aware of the potential effect of the disease on their stress levels, as well as the increased risk of developing HZ and PHN. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： herpes zoster hypoxia Obstructive sleep apnea postherpetic neuralgia varicella zoster virus

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Risk of CKD among patients with DM taking diuretics or SGLT2i: a retrospective cohort study in Taiwan

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BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2024年第1期25卷 24页

作者： Lin, Han-Jie Shih, Pin-Yang Tsai, Stella Chin-Shaw Chuang, Wu-Lung Hsieh, Tsai-Ling Lin, Heng-Jun Yu, Teng-Shun Tsai, Fuu-Jen Chen, Chiu-Ying Chang, Kuang-Hsi Department of Otolaryngology Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung 435 Taiwan Department of Public Health China Medical University Taichung City 406040 Taiwan Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine College of Life Sciences National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua City 500 Taiwan Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Lukang Christian Hospital Changhua County 505 Taiwan Department of Medical Research Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung 435 Taiwan Management Office for Health Data China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan College of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine College of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung 404 Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung 404 Taiwan Division of Medical Genetics China Medical University Children’s Hospital Taichung 404 Taiwan Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Asia University Taichung 413 Taiwan Center for General Education China Medical University Taichung 404 Taiwan General Education Center Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine Nursing and Management Miaoli 356 Taiwan

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term risk of CKD and renal function declines using a combination of diuretics and SGLT2i. Methods: We selected the data of subjects who had at least two outpatient records or at least one inpatient record for DM treatment as the DM group from the National Health Insurance research database (NHIRD). Patients receiving versus not receiving SGLT2i were defined as the SGLT2i and non-SGLT2i cohorts, respectively. The patients in the two groups were matched 1:1 through propensity score matching based on age, sex, year of index date, and comorbidities. Results: The diuretics-only group had a higher risk of CKD (aHR, 2.46;95% CI, 1.68–3.61) compared to the neither SGLT2i nor diuretics group, while the both SGLT2i and diuretics group and the SGLT2i only group had lower risks (aHR, 0.45, 95% CI, 0.32–0.63;aHR, 0.26, 95% CI, 0.17–0.40) than the diuretics-only group. The SGLT2i-only group had a lower risk (aHR, 0.58, 95% CI, 0.36–0.94) than the both SGLT2i and diuretics group. Conclusion: This study indicates that diuretics could raise the risk of CKD in diabetic patients, but when used in combination with SGLT2i, they continue to offer protection against CKD. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Chronic kidney disease (CKD) Diuretics National Health Insurance research database (NHIRD) Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)

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Signature of genetic associations in oral cancer

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Tumor Biology 2017年第10期39卷 1-9页

作者： Sharma, Vishwas Nandan, Amrita Sharma, Amitesh Kumar Singh, Harpreet Bharadwaj, Mausumi Sinha, Dhirendra Narain Mehrotra, Ravi Department of Health Research National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR) Noida India Society for Life Science and Human Health Allahabad India Data Management Laboratory National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR) Noida India Department of Bioinformatics Indian Council of Medical Research New Delhi India Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry India WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR) Noida India

Oral cancer etiology is complex and controlled by multi-factorial events including genetic events. Candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies, and next-generation sequencing identified various chromosomal loci to be associated with oral cancer. There is no available review that could give us the comprehensive picture of genetic loci identified to be associated with oral cancer by candidate gene studies–based, genome-wide association studies–based, and next-generation sequencing–based approaches. A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed database to identify the loci associated with oral cancer by exclusive candidate gene studies–based, genome-wide association studies–based, and next-generation sequencing–based study approaches. The information of loci associated with oral cancer is made online through the resource “ORNATE.” Next, screening of the loci validated by candidate gene studies and next-generation sequencing approach or by two independent studies within candidate gene studies or next-generation sequencing approaches were performed. A total of 264 loci were identified to be associated with oral cancer by candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies, and next-generation sequencing approaches. In total, 28 loci, that is, 14q32.33 (AKT1), 5q22.2 (APC), 11q22.3 (ATM), 2q33.1 (CASP8), 11q13.3 (CCND1), 16q22.1 (CDH1), 9p21.3 (CDKN2A), 1q31.1 (COX-2), 7p11.2 (EGFR), 22q13.2 (EP300), 4q35.2 (FAT1), 4q31.3 (FBXW7), 4p16.3 (FGFR3), 1p13.3 (GSTM1-GSTT1), 11q13.2 (GSTP1), 11p15.5 (H-RAS), 3p25.3 (hOGG1), 1q32.1 (IL-10), 4q13.3 (IL-8), 12p12.1 (KRAS), 12q15 (MDM2), 12q13.12 (MLL2), 9q34.3 (NOTCH1), 17p13.1 (p53), 3q26.32 (PIK3CA), 10q23.31 (PTEN), 13q14.2 (RB1), and 5q14.2 (XRCC4), were validated to be associated with oral cancer. “ORNATE” gives a snapshot of genetic loci associated with oral cancer. All 28 loci were validated to be linked to oral cancer for which further fine-mapping followed by gene-by-gene and gene–environment

关键词： Association studies candidate gene studies genome-wide association studies next-generation sequencing oral cancer

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The Occurrence and Genetic Characteristics of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Shared Water Bodies for Livestock and Human Utilization in Central Thailand

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Songsaeng, Wipawee Kurilung, Alongkorn Prapasarakul, Nuvee Wongsurawat, Thidathip Am-In, Nutthee Lugsomya, Kittitat Sirichokchatchawan, Wandee College of Public Health Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little RockAR United States Department of Veterinary Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Bangkok Thailand Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research Research Group and Research Network Division Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproduction Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Veterinary and Life Science Murdoch University MurdochWA6150 Australia

The environmental dissemination of antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae poses a remarkable threat to public health. This study investigates the environmental presence and dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in 30 important water bodies selected according to the interconnection and utilization by livestock and community people in central Thailand. From all selected samples, 6 isolates (20%) were identified as multi-drug resistant CPE including one E. coli, one K. pneumoniae and four E. roggemkampii carrying blaNDM-5, blaNDM-1 and blaIMI-1 genes respectively. The blaNDM-5 and blaNDM-1 genes were located on plasmids, p0111 and IncC, while blaIMI-1 was located on chromosomes. The plasmids also consisted of components that closely resembled those found in resistance plasmids obtained from clinical and environmental isolates worldwide. Additionally, through plasmid conjugation experiment, carbapenemase genes were transferable with high rate among bacterial species. These findings indicated that water bodies are polluted and there is an urgent need for integrated strategies to monitor and mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance across human, animal, and environmental health domains in aquatic environments. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Genes

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Intravitreal ranibizumab injection is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease: a population-based study in Taiwan

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Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 2024年第7期397卷 4799-4808页

作者： Chen, Chang-Hsu Lim, Paik Seong Wu, Tsai-Kun Chuang, Wu-Lung Yu, Teng-Shun Tsai, Fuu-Jen Chen, Chuan-Mu Chang, Kuang-Hsi Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Division of Renal Medicine Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung 435 Taiwan Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Life Sciences College of Life Sciences National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Post Baccalaureate Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua 500 Taiwan Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Lukang Christian Hospital Changhua 505 Taiwan Management Office for Health Data China Medical University Hospital Taichung 404 Taiwan College of Medicine China Medical University Taichung 404 Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine College of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung 404 Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung 404 Taiwan Division of Medical Genetics China Medical University Children’s Hospital Taichung 404 Taiwan Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Asia University Taichung 413 Taiwan The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Medical Research Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung 435 Taiwan Center for General Education China Medical University Taichung 404 Taiwan General Education Center Nursing and Management Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine Miaoli 356 Taiwan

Systemic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockade has been the top adjunctive chemotherapy since 1990. Anti-VEGF therapy has also been associated with worsened renal function in some patients. However, the association between patient outcomes and use of intravitreal VEGF inhibitors remains controversial. Thus, it is necessary to determine the action mechanism and long-term renal effects of ranibizumab. The National Health Insurance research database (NHIRD) is one of the largest global databases that are extensively used for epidemiological research. NHIRD contains the medical information of all insureds, such as inpatient, outpatient, emergency, and traditional Chinese medicine records. We selected subjects aged ≥ 20 years who recently administered ranibizumab for the ranibizumab cohort. Non-ranibizumab cohort consisted of subjects who did not receive ranibizumab, and the index date was a random date between 2008 and 2018. We excluded subjects with missing sex and age records and those in which the date of primary outcome was before the index date. The two cohorts were matched via 1:1 propensity score matching based on sex, age, index year, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, stroke, coronary artery disease, alcoholism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion, and diabetic macular edema. Medical confounders were angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, corticosteroids, VEGF inhibitors including bevacizumab and aflibercept, lithium, amphotericin B, adefovir, NSAIDS, cisplatin, and calcineurin inhibitors. Among 48,248 participants aged ≥ 20 years, 24,136 (50%) received ranibizumab (13,565 male [56.20%] and 10,571 female [43.80%]). Moreover, 24,136 participants who did not receive ranibizumab were matched by age, sex, comorbidities, and medications. Subjects who received ranibizumab exhibited a significantly higher risk of CKD than those who did not receive ranibizumab (adju

关键词： Chronic kidney disease, National Health Insurance research database (NHIRD) Ranibizumab Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

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