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Research Square 2021年

作者： Bhoi, Sourav Kumar Jena, Kalyan Kumar Mohapatra, Debasis Singh, Munesh Kumar, Raghvendra Long, Hoang Viet BPUT University Berhampur761003 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Design & Manufacturing Kancheepuram India Department of Computer Science and Engineering GIET University India Division of Computational Mathematics and Engineering Institute for Computational Science Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

Communicable disease pandemic is a severe disease outbreak all over the countires and continents. Swine Flu, HIV/AIDS, COVID-19 (COrona VIrus Disease-19), etc. are some of the global pandemics in the world. The major cause of becoming pandemic is community transmission and lack of social distancing. Recently COVID-19 is such an largest outbreak all over the world. This disease is a communicable disease which is spreading fastly due to Community Transmission, where the affetced people in the community aftects the heathy people in the community. Government is taking precautions by imposing Social Distancing in the countries or state to control the impact of COVID-19. Social Distancing can reduce the community transmission of COVID-19 by reducing the number of infected persons in an area. This is performed by staying at home and maintaining social distance with people. It reduces the density of people in an area by which it is difficult for the virus to spread from one person to other. In this work, the community transmission is presented using simulations. It shows how an infected person affects the healthy persons in an area. Simulations also show how social distancing can control the spread of COVID-19. The simulation is performed in GNU Octave programming platform by considering number of infected persons and number of healthy persons as parameters. Results show that using the social distancing the number of infected persons can be reduced and heathy persons can be increased. Therefore, from the analysis it is concluded that social distancing will be a better solution of prevention from community transmission. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Transmissions

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Ultrafast disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 viruses

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Xu, Yang Chin, Alex Wing Hong Zhong, Haosong Lee, Connie Kong Wai Chen, Yi Chan, Timothy Yee Him Fan, Zhiyong Duan, Molong Poon, Leo Lit Man Li, Mitch Guijun Division of Integrative Systems and Design The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong School of Public Health LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong 21 Sassoon Road Hong Kong Centre for Immunology & Infection Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong

The wide use of surgical masks has been proven effective for mitigating the spread of respiration diseases, such as COVID-19, alongside social distance control, vaccines, and other efforts. With the newly reported variants, such as Delta and Omicron, a higher transmission rate had been found compared to the ancestral strains. Recent data further suggest that Omicron variant can replicate better than the ancestral virus in the upper respiratoary *** frequent sterilization of surgical masks is needed to protect the wearers. However, it is challenging to sterilize the commodity surgical masks with a fast and effective method. Herein, we reported the sterilization of the SARS-CoV-2 viruses within an ultra-short time, while retaining the mask performance. Silver thin film is coated on commercial polyimide film by physical vapor deposition and patterned by laser scribing to form a Joule heating electrode. Another layer of the gold thin film was coated onto the opposite side of the device to promote the uniformity of the Joule heating through nano-heat transfer regulation. As a result, the surgical mask can be heated to inactivation temperature within a short time and with high uniformity. By Joule-heating the surgical mask with the temperature at 90 °C for 3 minutes, the inactivation of the SARS-CoV-2 showed an efficacy of 99.89%. Normal commodity surgical masks can be sterilized faster, more frequently, and efficiently against SARS-CoV-2 viruses and the new invariants. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： SARS

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Efficient Plasmonic Enhanced Solar Evaporation Achieved by Laser- Assisted Cu/Graphene Nanocomposite

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2022年

作者： Xu, Dan Zhong, Hong Li, Mitch Guijun To, Sandy Suet Lu, Lin Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518000 China Longshan Lake Materials Laboratory Guangdong Dongguan523808 China Division of Integrative Systems and Design Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong

Due to the high utilization of abundant solar energy and undrinkable water resources, and low environmental impact, solar-driven steam generation emerges as a promising and sustainable approach to address the pressing freshwater shortage issue. Efficient solar absorbers featuring broadband solar response, low-cost, facile preparation and good stability are significant to practical solar evaporation. Meanwhile, avoiding salt crystal accumulated on the evaporation surface, which would cause the blockage on the pathways for light absorption and vapor escape, is significant to maintain the evaporation efficiency. Therefore, a portable interfacial evaporator was facile made with a 3D-structured plasmonic enhanced photothermal nanocomposite of Cu Nanoparticles/ laser-induced graphene (Cu NPs/LIG) via a one-step deposition method. This novel evaporator exhibits a large solar absorption (98%) over broadband spectrum (250-2500nm) that also rapidly achieves a high surface temperature (>80 °C) under 1 sun irradiation. Meanwhile, the fabricated solar-driven evaporator can realize a high evaporation rate of 2.29 kg/m2.h on pure water. Moreover, due to the unobstructed and continuous pathways for the spontaneous salt diffusion along the vertical concentration gradients, outstanding anti-salt performance was obtained, and a high evaporation efficiency of 1.82 kg/m2.h upon brine with a high salinity (20 wt%) for a long-term was observed © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Evaporation

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Linking performance data and geospatial information of manufacturing assets through standard representations

Linking performance data and geospatial information of manuf...

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ASME 2020 International design engineering Technical Conferences and computers and Information in engineering Conference, IDETC-CIE 2020

作者： Hanke, Aaron Vernica, Teodor Bernstein, William Z. Associate Systems Integration Division National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States TU-Dresden Chair of Engineering Design and CAD Dresden01069 Germany Aarhus University Department of Computer Science Aarhus N8200 Denmark Systems Integration Division National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791883983

Interoperability across emerging visualization modalities, including augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), remains a challenge with respect to industrial applications. One critical issue relates to the lack of standard approaches for coordinating geospatial representations that are required to facilitate AR/VR scenes with domain-specific information in the form of time-series data, solid models, among other data types. In this paper, we focus on the linking of manufacturing asset data via the MTConnect standard with geospatial data via the IndoorGML standard. To this end, we demonstrate the utility of this integration through two visualization-based prototype implementations, including one focused on (i) monitoring production facilities to improve situational awareness and (ii) evaluating and delivering suggested navigation paths in production facilities. We then comment on implications of such standards-driven approaches for related domains, including AR prototype development and automatic guided vehicles. Copyright © 2020 ASME

关键词： Augmented reality

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On the importance of AI research beyond disciplines

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Dignum, Virginia Casey, Donal Cerratto-Pargman, Teresa Dignum, Frank Fantasia, Valentina Formark, Bodil Hammarfelt, Björn Holmberg, Gunnar Holzapfel, André Larsson, Stefan Lagerkvist, Amanda Lakemond, Nicolette Lindgren, Helena Lorig, Fabian Marusic, Ana Rahm, Lina Razmetaeva, Yulia Sikström, Sverker Tatar, Kıvanç Tucker, Jason Department of Computing Science Umeå University Sweden Department of Philosophy Lund University Sweden Department of Business Studies Uppsala University Sweden Dept. of Computer and Systems Sciences Stockholm University Sweden Umeå University Sweden Swedish School of Library and Information Science University of Borås Sweden Department of Management and Engineering Linköping University Sweden Division of Media Technology and Interaction Design KTH Sweden Department of Technology and Society Lund University Sweden Department of Informatics and Media Uppsala University Sweden Department of Computer Science and Media Technology Malmö University Sweden University of Split School of Medicine Split Croatia Department of Philosophy and History KTH Sweden Department of Law Uppsala University Sweden Department of Psychology Lund University Sweden Chalmers University of Technology Sweden Department of Global Political Studies Malmö University Sweden

As the impact of AI on various scientific fields is increasing, it is crucial to embrace interdisciplinary knowledge to understand the impact of technology on society. The goal is to foster a research environment beyond disciplines that values diversity and creates, critiques and develops new conceptual and theoretical frameworks. Even though research beyond disciplines is essential for understanding complex societal issues and creating positive impact it is notoriously difficult to evaluate and is often not recognized by current academic career progression. The motivation for this paper is to engage in broad discussion across disciplines and identify guiding principles fir AI research beyond disciplines in a structured and inclusive way, revealing new perspectives and contributing to societal and human wellbeing and sustainability. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Sustainable development

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Upper Extremity Load Reduction for lower limb exoskeleton trajectory generation Using ankle torque Minimization

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Wong, Yik Ben Chen, Yawen Tsang, Kam Fai Elvis Leung, Winnie Suk Wai Shi, Ling Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Division of Integrative Systems and Design Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

Recently, the lower limb exoskeletons which provide mobility for paraplegic patients to support their daily life have drawn much attention. However, the pilots are required to apply excessive force through a pair of crutches to maintain balance during walking. This paper proposes a novel gait trajectory generation algorithm for exoskeleton locomotion on flat ground and stair which aims to minimize the force applied by the pilot without increasing the degree of freedom (DoF) of the system. First, the system is modelled as a five-link mechanism dynamically for torque computing. Then, an optimization approach is used to generate the trajectory minimizing the ankle torque which is correlated to the supporting force. Finally, experiment is conducted to compare the different gait generation algorithms through measurement of ground reaction force (GRF) applied on the crutches. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biophysics

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Community Action on FAIR Data will Fuel a Revolution in Materials Research

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Catherine Brinson, L. Bartolo, Laura M. Blaiszik, Ben Elbert, David Foster, Ian Strachan, Alejandro Voorhees, Peter W. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Data and Databases Center for Hierarchical Materials Design Northwestern University EvanstonIL60201 United States Globus University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Data Science and Learning Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Materials Data Facility Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Department of Computer Science University of Chicago United States Materials Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States nanoHUB Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60201 United States Center for Hierarchical Materials Design Northwestern University EvanstonIL60201 United States Northwestern Argonne Institute for Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60201 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60201 United States

Widely shared and accessible materials data are the key to a world in which accelerated materials development addresses society's greatest challenges. We present a roadmap for connected materials data to enable re...

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Efficient charge-preserving excited state preparation with variational quantum algorithms

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chandani, Zohim Ikeda, Kazuki Kang, Zhong-Bo Kharzeev, Dmitri E. McCaskey, Alexander Palermo, Andrea Ramakrishnan, C.R. Rao, Pooja Sundaram, Ranjani G. Yu, Kwangmin NVIDIA Quantum Algorithm Engineering London United Kingdom Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Boston BostonMA02125 United States Center for Nuclear Theory Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794-3800 United States Co-design Center for Quantum Advantage Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794-3800 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Mani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Center for Quantum Science and Engineering University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Energy and Photon Sciences Directorate Condensed Matter and Materials Science Division Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973-5000 United States NVIDIA Quantum Computing Architecture Santa ClaraCA United States Department of Computer Science Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794-3800 United States NVIDIA Quantum Algorithm Engineering Santa ClaraCA United States Computational Science Initiative Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973-5000 United States

Determining the spectrum and wave functions of excited states of a system is crucial in quantum physics and chemistry. Low-depth quantum algorithms, such as the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) and its variants, can be used to determine the ground-state energy. However, current approaches to computing excited states require numerous controlled unitaries, making the application of the original Variational Quantum Deflation (VQD) algorithm to problems in chemistry or physics suboptimal. In this study, we introduce a charge-preserving VQD (CPVQD) algorithm, designed to incorporate symmetry and the corresponding conserved charge into the VQD framework. This results in dimension reduction, significantly enhancing the efficiency of excitedstate computations. We present benchmark results with GPU-accelerated simulations using systems up to 24 qubits, showcasing applications in high-energy physics, nuclear physics, and quantum chemistry. This work is performed on NERSC's Perlmutter system using NVIDIA's open-source platform for accelerated quantum supercomputing - CUDA-Q. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Wave functions

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Experimental observation of cooling in Yb-doped silica fibers 2

Experimental observation of cooling in Yb-doped silica fiber...

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Photonic Heat Engines: science and Applications II 2020

作者： Knall, Jenny M. Vigneron, Pierre-Baptiste Engholm, Magnus Dragic, Peter D. Yu, Nanjie Ballato, John Bernier, Martin Digonnet, Michel Stanford University 348 Via Pueblo Mall StanfordCA94305 United States Division of Electronics Design Mid Sweden University SundsvallSE-85170 Sweden Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University ClemsonSC29631 United States Université Laval QuébecQCG1V 0A6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781510633599

Anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling in a silica-based fiber is reported for the first time. The fiber had a core with a 20-μm diameter doped with 2.06 wt.% Yb and co-doped with 0.86 wt.% Al and 0.88 wt.% F. Core-pumping the fiber with 1040- nm light, temperature changes as large at -50 mK were measured at atmospheric pressure. Temperature measurements were performed at 12 pump wavelengths, and the measured dependence of the temperature change as a function of pump wavelength was in excellent agreement with a previously reported model. With this model, the absorptive loss in the fiber was inferred to be less than 15 dB/km, and the critical quenching concentration to be ∼15.6 wt.% Yb. This combination of low loss and high quenching concentration (a factor of 16 times higher than the highest reported values for Yb-doped silica) is what allowed the observation of cooling. The temperature measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure using a custom slow-light fiber Bragg grating sensor with an improved thermal contact between the test fiber and the FBG. The improved method involves isopropanol to establish a good thermal contact between the two fibers. This eliminated a source of heating and enabled more accurate measurements of the cooled-fiber temperature. This improved temperaturemeasurement set-up also led to a new cooling record in a multimode Yb-doped ZBLAN fiber at atmospheric pressure. When pumped at 1030 nm, the fiber cooled by -3.5 K, a factor of 5.4 times higher than the previous record. © 2020 SPIE.

关键词： Atmospheric pressure

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Distributed Vehicular Computing at the Dawn of 5G: A Survey

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Alhilal, Ahmad Finley, Benjamin Braud, Tristan Su, Dongzhe Hui, Pan Department of Computer Science Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Division of Integrative Systems and Design The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Hong Kong Computational Media and Arts Thrust Area The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Guangzhou China Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Area The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

Recent advances in information technology have revolutionized the automotive industry, paving the way for next-generation smart vehicular mobility. Vehicles, roadside units, and other road users can collaborate to deliver novel services and applications. These services and applications require 1) massive volumes of heterogeneous and continuous data to perceive the environment, 2) reliable and low-latency communication networks, 3) real-time data processing that provides decision support under application-specific constraints. Addressing such constraints introduces significant challenges for current communication and computing technologies. Relatedly, the fifth generation of cellular networks (5G) was developed to respond to communication challenges by providing for low-latency, high-reliability, and high bandwidth communications. As a major part of 5G, edge computing allows data offloading and computation at the edge of the network, ensuring low-latency and context-awareness, and 5G efficiency. In this work, we aim at providing a comprehensive overview of the state of research on vehicular computing in the emerging age of 5G and big data. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： 5G mobile communication systems

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