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A computer-MODEL FOR SHIPBOARD ENERGY ANALYSIS

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第5期96卷 33-45页

作者： DETOLLA, JP FLEMING, JR Joseph DeTolla:is a ship systems engineer in the Ship Systems Engineering Division SEA 56D5 at the Naval Sea Systems Command. His career with the Navy started in 1965 at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard Design Division. In 1971 he transferred to the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He has held positions as a fluid systems design engineer and auxiliary systems design integration engineer. Mr. DeTolla has worked extensively in the synthesis and analysis of total energy systems notably the design development of the FFG-7 class waste heat recovery system. He is NA VSEA's machinery group computer supported design project coordinator and is managing the development of a machinery systems data base load forecasting algorithms and design analysis computer programs. Mr. DeTolla has a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from Drexel University and a master of engineering administration degree from George Washington University. He is a registered professional engineer in the District of Columbia and has written several technical papers on waste heat recovery and energy conservation. Jeffrey Fleming:is a senior project engineer in the Energy R&D Office at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center. In his current position as group leader for the future fleet energy conservation portion of the Navy's energy R&D program he is responsible for the identification and development of advanced components and subsystems which will lead to reductions in the fossil fuel consumption of future ships. Over the past several years he has also directed the development and application of total energy computer analysis techniques for the assessment of conventional and advanced shipboard machinery concepts. Mr. Fleming is a 1971 graduate electrical engineer of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and received his MS in electrical engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1975. Mr. Fleming has authored various technical publications and was the recipient of the Severn Technical Society's “Best Technical Paper of the Year” award in 1

In support of the Navy's efforts to improve the energy usage of future ships and thereby to reduce fleet operating costs, a large scale computer model has been developed by the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC) to analyze the performance of shipboard energy systems for applications other than nuclear or oil-fired steam propulsion plants. This paper discusses the applications and utility of this computer program as a performance analysis tool for design of ship machinery systems. The program is a simulation model that performs a complete thermodynamic analysis of a user-specified energy system. It offers considerable flexibility in analyzing a variety of propulsion, electrical, and auxiliary plant configurations through a component building block structure. Component subroutines that model the performance of shipboard equipment such as engines, boilers, generators, and compressors are available from the program library. Component subroutines are selected and linked in the program to model the desired machinery plant functional configurations. The operation of the defined shipboard energy system may then be simulated over a user-specified scenario of temperature, time, and load profiles. The program output furnishes information on component operating characteristics and fuel demands, which allows evaluation of the total system performance.

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RETROFITTING OF BULBOUS BOWS ON UNITED-STATES NAVY AUXILIARY AND AMPHIBIOUS WARSHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第6期96卷 40-51页

作者： CHUN, SK HOUGH, JJ ENGLE, AH FUNG, SC Stephen K. Chunis a graduate of the Maritime College of the State University of New York class of 1981 from which he received a B.E. degree in naval architecture and his license as a Third Assistant Engineer from the U.S. Coast Guard. Since graduation he has worked for the U.S. Navy as a naval architect with the Hull Form and Hydrodynamics Performance Division (SEA 55W3) of the Naval Sea Systems Command. Currently he is the task leader for hydrodynamic design for the DDG-51. He is also responsible for bulbous bow and appendage design for surf ace ships. Mr. Chun is a member of ASNE SNAME and ASE. Jeffrey J. Hough:is currently a naval architect with the Hull Form and Hydrodynamic Performance Division (SEA 55VV3) of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NA VSEA). In his current capacity he is a member of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamics Branch and is the divisional coordinator for computer supported design (CSD) technical director for the hull form design system (HFDS) Hull Engineering Group (SEA 55) assistant coordinator for CSD SEA 55 CSD coordinator for the DDG-51 contract design and SEA 55W3 project engineer for aircraft carrier/aviation support ship hydrodynamics. Mr. Hough received his B.S.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1978 and his M.S.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1979 from the University of Michigan. He began his career with the U.S. Navy in 1979 as an Engineer-in-Training in the Ship Design and Integration Directorate of NAVSEA. Prior to his current assignment Mr. Hough was the technical director responsible for the hull form and hydrodynamics energy conservation program and technical specialist for design practices for resistance and powering margins and hull form geometry. A member of ASNE since 1979 Mr. Hough is also a member of SNAME ASE and the U.S. Naval Institute. Allen H. Engleis a naval architect with the Hull Form Design and Performance Division of the Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his B.S. degree in engineering science from th

To meet energy conservation goals of the U.S. Navy, its attention has been focused on ways to reduce individual ship total resistance and powering requirements. One possible method of improving ship powering characteristics is by modifying existing individual ship hulls with the addition of bulbous bows. This paper will identify the merits of retrofitting bow bulbs on selected U.S. Navy auxiliary and amphibious warfare ships. A procedure for performing a cost-benefit analysis will be shown for candidate ship classes. An example of this technique for an amphibious warfare ship will also be provided. A brief discussion of future methods to be used for bulbous bow design such as application of systematic model test data and numerical hydrodynamic techniques will be given.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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ARCTIC TRAFFICABILITY PROGRAM - A REVIEW

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 169-175页

作者： VOELKER, R GLEN, IF SEIBOLD, F BAYLY, I Richard Voelker:is Vice President of ARCTEC Incorporated a firm specializing in cold regions technology. He has been responsible for the management of thePolarClass Traffic-ability Program since its inception and annually participates in the field data collection in the Arctic. His prior experience includes positions with the U.S. Coast Guard in the icebreaker design project the Military Sealift Command and at Newport News Shipbuilding. He is a graduate of N. Y.S. Maritime College and has a MS degree from the University of Michigan. I.F. Glen:received his professional degrees in naval architecture from the Royal Naval Engineering College Manadon Plymouth and RN College Greenwich London entering the Royal Corps of Naval Constructors in 1967. After serving as a Constructor Lieutenant in the Royal Navy's Far East Fleet for a short period he joined the Polaris submarine project team in Bath England in 1968. In 1971 he was seconded to the Canadian Department of National Defense in Ottawa as a Constructor Lieutenant Commander under NATO exchange arrangements where he had responsibilities initially for conventional submarines and latterly for computer aided conceptual design. He ventured to Bath England in 1974 and joined Forward Design Group. In 1975 he took a position as a civilian engineer in the Canadian Defense Department and was Head of Hull Systems Engineering from 1977 to 1979. He joined ARCTEC CANADA LIMITED in 1980 and in addition to managing ice model testing projects and full scale trials has specialized in structural response of ships to ice impact. He headed ARCTEC's Kanata Laboratory from 1981 to 1983 when he was promoted to president. Frederick Seibold:is a research program manager with the Maritime Administration's Office of Advanced Ship Development and Technology. He is responsible for the marine science program which includes research in the areas of ship powering structures and propeller performance and Arctic technology. Mr. Seibold has been employed by Mar Ad since 1961 having hel

This paper describes a multiyear program to make an operational assessment on the feasibility of a year-round Arctic marine transportation system to serve Alaska. Specifically, the three objectives were to: collect meteorological and ice data along potential marine routes; instrument the hull and propulsion machinery to improve design critera for ice-worthy ships; and demonstrate that ships can operate in midwinter Alaskan Arctic ice conditions. The U.S. Coast Guard's Polar class icebreakers were used to make the operational assessment by annually extending the route northward and by operating throughout the winter season. This paper reviews some of the operational and technical achievements to date, as well as plans for future Arctic deployments.

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AN ADVANCED METHODOLOGY FOR PRELIMINARY HULL FORM DEVELOPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第4期96卷 147-161页

作者： LIN, WC DAY, WG HOUGH, JJ KEANE, RG WALDEN, DA KOH, IY Wen-Chin Lin:heads the Ship Powering Division at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center (DTNSRDC). Dr. Lin received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the National Taiwan University in 1957. He was awarded his M.S. degree in naval architecture and Ph.D. in engineering science from the University of California at Berkeley in 1963 and 1966 respectively. From 1966 to 1969 he was employed by ESSO Research and Engineering Company to conduct marine hydrodynamic research for oil tankers and offshore structures. Since joining DTNSRDC in 1969 he has actively conducted and directed hydrodynamic research to advance naval ship design technology and improve ship performance. Active in national and international symposia on ship hydrodynamic research he is recognized for contributions to the ship research community. For the past six years he has been a member of the Performance Committee of the ITTC and currently serves as secretary of the committee. He is a member of SNAME and the Society of Naval Architects of Japan. William G. Day Jr:. has been employed as a naval architect at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center since receiving a B.E.S. degree from the Johns Hopkins University in 1966. He obtained an M.S. E. degree from George Washington University in 1971. As Head Design Evaluation Branch of the Ship Performance Department he is responsible for model experiments to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of ships and propulsors. He is a member of ASNE and SNAME. In-Young Koh:received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Lowell University in 1969 and 1971 respectively and his Ph.D. in applied mechanics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1976. Dr. Koh joined DTNSRDC as an electronic engineer specializing in the application of advanced instrumentation and computer techniques to ship research and design. He is currently engaged in research and development of active control systems for naval ship applications. Dr. Koh is a member of ASNE SNAME and IEEE. David Andrew Walden:is

A ship design methodology is presented for developing hull forms that attain improved performance in both seakeeping and resistance. Contrary to traditional practice, the methodology starts with developing a seakeeping-optimized hull form without making concessions to other performance considerations, such as resistance. The seakeeping-optimized hull is then modified to improve other performance characteristics without degrading the seakeeping. Presented is a point-design example produced by this methodology. Merits of the methodology and the point design are assessed on the basis of theoretical calculations and model experiments. This methodology is an integral part of the Hull Form design System (HFDS) being developed for computer-supported naval ship design. The modularized character of HFDS and its application to hull form development are discussed.

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SHIPBOARD MAIN BOILER AND FEED PUMP CONTROL-SYSTEM ONLINE ALIGNMENT VERIFICATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第6期94卷 39-46页

作者： BANHAM, JW ADAM, DJ James W. Banham:holds positions both as Director of the Machinery Automation Systems Department of the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station and as Assistant Chairman of the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department of Drexel University's Evening College where he holds the rank of Adjunct Associate Professor. He is the author of a text on Numerical Methods Applications in Engineering. In addition to numerous technical papers he is also the author of the ISA film on Boiler Feedwater Control Systems. A registered professional engineer in the state of Pennsylvania Mr. Banham is co-author of a forthcoming handbook on preparing for the Professional Engineering Examination in mechanical engineering. Mr. Banham holds a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from the Pennsylvania State University his graduate studies were taken at the University of Pennsylvania. He is currently a member of the American Society for Engineering Education and the Instrument Society of America. He served as a member of the ISA Education Committee from 1964 through 1973 and as a member of the ISA Power Plant Dynamics Committee since 1969. His service on the latter committee includes terms as Executive Secretary Vice-Chairman and Chairman. Among other honors Mr. Banham was the winner of the Naval Ship Engineering Center's first Technical Achievement Award (1963) Technical Publication Award (1974) and Equal Employment Opportunity Award (1978). He was also the recipient of Drexel University's Laura S. Campbell Award for Excellence in Teaching (1978). He has taught undergraduate courses in classical control theory numerical methods computer programming systems design and analysis and instrumentation. He also teaches systems theory and computer science in an EIT Review and heat transfer in a PE Review conducted by the Drexel University Department of Continuing Professional Education. Mr. David J. Adam:is a Project Engineer in the Naval Sea Systems Command (PMS301) Steam Propulsion Plant Improvement Program where he i

One of the most serious problems encountered in Naval steam plants following World War II was the unreliable performance of boiler and main feedpump pneumatic control systems. In addition to control component and system design deficiencies, these control systems suffered from inadequate methods to measure and adjust system alignment. This paper describes the development of a set of procedures for on-line alignment verification (OLV) of pneumatic main boiler and feedpump control systems. The procedures are designed for use by N avy control system technicians and, in addition to on-line alignment verification, provide guidance for troubleshooting and for performing system alignment. Procedure static checks measure steady state steaming performance and OLV procedure dynamic checks measure the ability of the boiler and control systems to respond to load changes. The paper describes typical control system characteristics that influence OLV procedure content and the supporting analysis that was used to establish alignment criteria ranges that satisfy both steady state and transient performance requirements. Also described is the alignment criteria tolerance analysis along with the steps involved in a typical OLV check procedure development. Descriptions of the various OLV checks, troubleshooting procedures and alignment procedures are provided. Typical shipboard implementation requirements are described and experience to date with the procedures is provided along with a status report on OLV procedure implementations.

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MACHINERY ARRANGEMENT design - A PERSPECTIVE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第3期93卷 133-141页

作者： RESNER, ME KLOMPARENS, SH LYNCH, JP Mr. Michael E. Resner:received an Engineering Degree from Texas A&M University in 1966 and has done graduate work in management at American University. He is Director Machinery Arrangements/Control Systems and Industrial Facilities Division (SEA 525) at the Naval Sea Systems Command. His previous positions have included Program Manager Solar Total Energy Program at the Department of Energy and Branch Chief Machinery Control Systems Branch at the Naval Ship Engineering Center. Mr. Stephen H. Klomparens:is a Naval Architect at Designers & Planners Inc. and is engaged in development of computer aids for ship design. He received his B.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1973 and his M.S. degree in Computer Science from the Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Kolmparens began his professional career at Hydronautics Inc. in 1974 where he was involved in the use of marine laboratory facilities for test and development of conventional and advanced marine craft. Since 1977 he has been involved with naval and commercial ship design and with development of computer-aided ship design tools. Mr. John P. Lynch:is a Principal Marine Engineer with Hydronautics Inc. He was previously employed in the auxiliary machinery and computer-aided design divisions of the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center the machinery design division of the New York Naval Shipyard and the machinery arrangement code of the Bureau of Ships. His active naval service was as a ship superintendent in the production department of the Long Beach Naval Shipyard. Mr. Lynch received his B. S. degree in Marine Engineering from the New York State Maritime College and his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of New York and a member of ASNE.

The machinery arrangement design process has remained relatively unchanged over the years. Recently, external demands have been placed on both the product and the producers that call for changes to this process. This paper cites these external demands and traces the evolution of the process changes from the rule-of-thumb machinery box sizing routines up to the current automated procedures. The machinery arrangement design practice is presented, and existing analytic and graphics aids are discussed. The user requirements for improved design aids are presented, with implementation guidelines and hardware/software alternatives.

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ADVANCES IN LONG-RANGE, HIGH-SPEED OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第4期93卷 39-48页

作者： BARTON, GG FELDMAN, S Mr. Sidney Feldman formerly with the Naval Applied Science Laboratory is presently with the Radiation Division of the Naval Surface Weapons Center White Oak Silver Spring Maryland. He planned and supervised laboratory experiments of many optical systems for fleet evaluation several of his designs now being standard in the fleet. He received his BA degree in Physics from Brooklyn College in 1941 and majored in Physics at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. His professional memberships include the Optical Society of America American Association for the Advancement of Science and The Scientific Research Society of North America. He was the recipient of the Naval Ordnance Development Award in 1945 the Superior Achievement Award in 1957 the Quality Salary Increase Award in 1965 the Superior Accomplishment Award in 1967 1970 and 1979. Additionally he has been granted patents for a relamping tool for searchlights (1962) a lamp positioning mechanism for searchlights (1963) a daylnight digital sextant (1973) a portable sextant-computer system (1974) and with Mr. George Barton the remote-controlled LLLTV camera-sextant (1976) the automatic passive LLLTV-rangefinder (1977) and a patent disclosure for the omnidirectional transceiver (1980). Mr. George G. Barton has been employed by the Naval Research Laboratory Washington D. C. for the past ten years in the scientific and military application design engineering and fabrication of low light level TV camera systems. He was previously associated with the Smithsonian Institution and Northwestern University in the application of TV technology in astronomical investigations. He attended New York University Newark College of Engineering and New Mexico State University where he majored in Physical Optics. Presently he is with his own company BISMARC Inc. Harker's Island N.C. where he is involved principally in the design manufacture and marketing of sonar systems such as the unique VIDISEA fishscope research and development in electrooptic systems an

During periods of radio silence under Emission Control, communication depends on the slow ship-to-ship, manual-visual, 8-10 wpm Morse code signaling shutter searchlight employing the ac 1000-watt incandescent or the ac 1000-watt compact arc mercury-xenon lamp. These sources can be replaced by the dc compact arc xenon lamp to provide longer daylight ranges and highspeed (100 wpm teletype, 150 wpm Morse code, voice, etc.) communication since this source has superior brightness and the facility of considerably more rapid modulation. The excessive weight and size of the ac-dc power convertor and modulating circuitry which had prevented use of the dc xenon lamp have been overcome by developments in solid state electronics such as the rapid, high current, simmer-flash, 100 to one light output xenon lamp pulsing using the reliable, uncomplicated, low-cost silicon controlled rectifier shunt switch which could eliminate the mechanical signaling shutter. Laboratory and sea evaluations have proved the feasibility of and provided the long daylight high-speed optical communication ranges that could be attained from operation of the dc 1000-watt and 2200-watt xenon lamps at the focus of 12-inch, 18-inch searchlights and in the Fresnel lens omni-directional beacon which a command ship uses to signal all ships in a task force at once. With these advances, optical communication provides the highspeed capability of radio communication, particularly, also, with the new omnidirectional transceiver.

关键词： SHIPS

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computer AIDS FOR SHIP design, INTEGRATION AND CONTROL

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 73-87页

作者： CARLSON, CM JOHNSON, RA HELMING, FW Mr. Craig M. Carlson received his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1970 and began his career with the Department of the Navy at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). In 1972. he returned to the University of Michigan under the NAVSEC Long Term Training Program and received his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. After returning to the Ship Arrangements Branch at NAVSEC. he was assigned as Task Leader for General Arrangements for the PGG PCG PHM. and MCM ship designs and was awarded Outstanding Performance Awards in 1974 and 1975. In addition he was Manager of the Arrangement Subsystem of the Navy's Computer-Aided Ship Design and Construction Program (CASDAC). In October 1979. he became Manager of the CASDAC Hull Design System. Currently. he also is enrolled in the M.S. of Computer Science Program at Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Carlson previously has presented technical papers at ASNE Day 1974 and 1978 as well as at the 1979 DOD Manufacturing Technology Advisory Group Conference. Besides ASNE. which he joined in 1972. he is a member of SNAME. ASE. and the U.S. Naval Institute. Mr. Robert A. Johnson is a Naval Architect in Surface Combatants Design (SEA 03D3). Ship Design Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command. He received an Associate in Engineering degree in Drafting and Design Technology in 1959. his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1965. and his M.S. degree in Engineering Mechanics in 1970. all from the Pennsylvania State University. In 1973. he was selected for the NA VSEC Hull Division s Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan subsequently receiving his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture in 1974. Mr. Johnson began his career with the Ordnance Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University in 1959 where he worked. on the design of hydroelastic submarine models and conducted research in the area of flow induced structural vibrations. In 1967 he joined HRB-Singer at State Colle

This paper presents an integrated approach to computer-Aided Ship design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull design System (HDS), currently under development by the Hull Group of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA 32). is the vehicle for the discussion. This paper is directed toward practicing ship design professionals and the managers of the ship design process. Primary emphasis of this paper, and of the development effort currently under way, is on aiding ship design professionals in their work. Focus is on integration and management control of the extremely complex set of processes which make up naval ship design. The terminology of the Ship designer and design Manager is used. The reader needs no familiarity with the technologies of computer science.

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NAVAL COASTAL SYSTEMS LABORATORY - UNIQUE INSITU TEST AND EVALUATION SITE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1978年第2期90卷 119-129页

作者： JOLLIFF, JV CALLAHAN, CM USN Capt. James V. Jolliff USNgraduated from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1954. Following graduation he served in the USS S. N. Moore (DD—747) and USS Cimarron (AO—22). He received his MS degrees in Naval Architecture from Webb Institute of Naval Architecture and in Financial Management from The George Washington University. He culminated his education at The Catholic University of America where he was awarded his Doctorate in Ocean Engineering in 1972. Capt. Jolliff has served in Naval Shipyards as Ship Superintendent Assistant Repair Officer and Assistant Planning & Estimating Superintendent and as such was primarily concerned with the repair and conversion of U. S. Navy skips. In addition he has served as Maintenance Officer Staff of Commander Mine Force U. S. Pacific Fleet as Co—Chairman of the Naval Engineering Division Engineering Department U. S. Naval Academy and as CV Design Manager in the Advanced Concepts Division and as Head Ship Survivability Office Naval Ship Engineering Center. An active member of ASNE since 1966 he has served as a member of the National Council and is currently the Chairman of the Journal Committee. He has had several papers presented at ASNE Day and published in the Journal and in 1976 was one of the recipients of the ASNE President's Award. At the present time he is assigned as the Commanding Officer Naval Coastal Systems Laboratory (NCSL) Panama City Fla. Mr. Casville M. Callahanis a native of Southwest Virginia where he attended Elementary and Secondary School prior to his three year's service in the U. S. Navy during World War II. He graduated from Lincoln Memorial University Harrogate Tenn. in 1950 receiving his BS degree in Mathematics. In 1952 he received his MS degree in Mathematics from Auburn University Auburn Ala. and taught mathematics at Lincoln Memorial University and at Florida State University Tallahassee Fla. prior to joining the staff of the Mine Defense Laboratory in 1955. He has progressed through a variety of assignments as the Labo

Test and Evaluation have become paramount in today's Department of Defense acquisition process. Therefore, the U. S. Navy requires both private and public facilities to accomplish the final goals of the “Fly before Buy” concept. Such a facility exists at the Naval Coastal Systems Laboratory (NCSL); an integral part of the Chief of Naval Material's, Director of Navy Laboratories organization. This paper briefly addresses the Laboratory, its mission, and its history. This is followed by an in—depth facilities overview in order to create an understanding of the slow but steady evolution of NCSL's unique fixed facilities. These facilities, when coupled to the local natural environment, provide a unique in situ test and evaluation capability which is unequalled in the United States for assessing seagoing coastal systems. Of prime consideration is the Range Date Acquisition Center (RADAC) and Its ancillary subsystems for tracking, environmental monitoring, communications, and post run analysis. The paper is concluded with a discussion of both past and present use of the aforementioned facilities with an emphasis on user acceptance and future potential growth.

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THE UNITED STATES NAVY'S “design WORK STUDY” APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SHIPBOARD CONTROL SYSTEMS

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Naval Engineers Journal 1976年第6期88卷 62-74页

作者： PLATO, ARTIS I. GAMBREL, WILLIAM DAVID Artis I. Plato:is Head of the Design Work Study/ Shipboard Manning/Human Factors Engineering Section Systems Engineering and Analysis Branch Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). He graduated from the City College of New York in 1956 receiving his Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree. Following this he started work at the New York Naval Shipyard in the Internal Combustion Engine and Cargo Elevator Section. During 1957 and 1958 he was called up for active duty with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and served in Europe with a Construction Engineer Battalion. After release from active duty he returned to the shipyard where he remained until 1961 when he transferred to the Naval Supply Research and Development Facility Bayonne New Jersey. Initially he was in charge of an Engineering Support Test Group and the drafting services for the whole Facility. Later he became a Project Engineer in the Food Services Facilities Branch with duties that included planning and designing new afloat and ashore messing facilities for the Navy. In 1966 he transferred to NAVSEC as a Project Engineer in the Design Work Study Section and in this capacity worked on selected projects and manning problems for new construction and also developed a computer program (Manpower Determination Model) that makes accurate crew predictions for feasibility studies. In 1969 he became Head of the Section. He has been active in the U.S. Army Reserve since his release from active duty and his duties have included command of an Engineer Company various Staff positions and his present assignment as Operations Officer for a Civil Affairs Group. He has completed the U. S. A rmy Corps of Engineers Career Course and the Civil Affairs Career Course and is presently enrolled in the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College non-resident course. Additionally he completed graduate studies at American University Washington D.C in 1972 receiving his MSTM degree in Technology of Management and is a member of ASE ASME CAA U. S. Naval Instit

The purpose of this paper is to discuss a system analysis technique called “design Work Study”, that is used by the U.S. Navy for the development of improved ship control systems. The design Work Study approach is one which brings about the most efficient and cost effective man‐machine combination for the ship control functions. Adherence to this process insures that the advantages of automation are balanced against incurred operational and maintenance expense. At present, U.S. Navy doctrine requires that certain ship operating stations, such as steering and propulsion control, be manned at specified ship conditions of readiness. Therefore, if personnel are needed to fulfill these combat environment obligations, excessive automation may only result in unnecessary additional acquisition costs and increased personnel skill requirements. The design Work Study process can be applied to establish the required fine balance between the degree of built‐in automation and the shipboard manpower levels. In order to explain the techniques that are used for this process, the Authors will present a brief summary of the design Work Study approach for optimizing shipboard control systems, including an explanation of the formal procedural tools that are applicable. In addition, a practical case study of ship control system design for one of the latest classes of Navy destroyers will be presented. This example will illustrate the resultant savings and benefits that can be realized by a judicious application of this technique. © 1976 American Society of Naval Engineers

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