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Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and high spin-polarization ratio in epitaxial Fe-N thin films

Physical Review B 2011年第24期84卷 245310-245310页

作者： Nian Ji M. S. Osofsky Valeria Lauter Lawrence F. Allard Xuan Li Kevin L. Jensen Hailemariam Ambaye Edgar Lara-Curzio Jian-Ping Wang The Center for Micromagnetics and Information Technologies and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Department of Physics University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Naval Research Laboratory 4555 Overlook Avenue SW Washington DC 20375 USA Spallation Neutron Source Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA

We have demonstrated a general framework for realizing and modulating perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in a rare-earth-element and heavy-metal-free material system. Using GaAs(001)/Fe(001) template, we have developed a synthesis scheme to produce epitaxial body center tetragonal Fe-N with (001) texture. By varying the N doping concentration, the crystal tetragonality (c/a) can be tuned in a relatively wide range. It is found that the Fe-N layer developed a strong perpendicular magnetic crystalline anisotropy (MCA) as it approaches the iron nitride interstitial solubility limit. Further annealing significantly improves the MCA due to the formation of chemically ordered Fe16N2. In addition to realizing an MCA up to 107 erg/cm3, the spin polarization ratio (P ∼ 0.52), as probed directly by a point-contact Andreev reflection (PCAR) method, even shows a moderate increase in comparison with normal metal Fe (P ∼ 0.45). These combined properties make this material system a promising candidate for applications in spintronic devices and also potential rare-earth-element free magnets.

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Multi-dimensional sensing for security in everyday life

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IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 2011年第4期131卷 418-425+1页

作者： Yamaguchi, Jun'ichi Shimomura, Noriko Umeda, Kazunori Satou, Yutaka Jitsumori, Akio Fujiyoshi, Hironobu Terada, Kenji Hontani, Hidekata Watanabe, Eriko Okuda, Haruhisa Haga, Tetsuji Hashimoto, Manabu Faculty of Engineering Kagawa University 2217-20 Hayashi-cho Takamatsu 761-0396 Japan Electronics Engineering Development Division Nissan Motor Co. LTD. 1-1 Morinosatoaoyama Atsugi 243-0123 Japan Faculty of Science and Enginnering Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 1-1-1 Umezono Tsukuba 305-8568 Japan Faculty of Environmental and Information Studies Tottori University of Environmental Studies 1-1 Wakabadai-kita Tottori 689-1111 Japan College of Engineering Chubu University 1200 Matsumoto-cho Kasugai 487-8501 Japan Faculty of Engineering University of Tokushima 2-1 Nanjo Mishima-Cho Tokushima 770-8506 Japan Nagare College Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan Center for Frontier Science and Engineering University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka Chofu 182-8585 Japan Advanced Technology R and D Center Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 8-1-1 Tsukaguchi-honmachi Amagasaki 661-8661 Japan Automotive Electronics Development Center Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 2-3-33 Miwa Sanda 669-1513 Japan School of Information Science and Technology Chukyo University 101 Tokodachi Kaizu-cho Toyota 470-0393 Japan

In this paper, the authors describe multi-dimensional sensing that can be adopted to realize security in everyday life. In this study, the applications of sensing based on the use of surveillance cameras for equipment mounted on cars, road transport, fields such as farming, and health maintenance have been investigated. Recently developed systems and methods involving multi-dimensional sensing technologies are introduced, and current issues and trends are described. © 2011 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： image processing

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Lifetime maximization considering connectivity and overlapped targets in wireless sensor networks

Lifetime maximization considering connectivity and overlappe...

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International Conference on information technology Convergence and Services

作者： Kim, Yong-Hwan Han, Youn-Hee Mun, Chang-Min Park, Chan Yeol Park, Doo-Soon Laboratory of Intelligent Networks Advanced Technology Research Center Korea University of Technology and Education Cheon-An Korea Republic of Ubiquitous on Chip Laboratory Advanced Technology Research Center Korea University of Technology and Education Cheon-An Korea Republic of Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon-city Korea Republic of Division of Computer Science and Engineering SoonChunHyang University Asan Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781424475858

A critical issue in wireless sensor networks is an energy-efficiency since the sensor batteries have limited energy power and, in most cases, are not rechargeable. The most practical manner relate to this issue is to use a node wake-up scheduling protocol that some sensor nodes stay active to provide sensing service, while the others are inactive for conserving their energy. Especially, CTC (Connected Target Coverage) problem has been considered as a representative energy-efficiency problem considering connectivity as well as target coverage. In this paper, we propose a new energy consumption model considering overlapped targets and create a new problem, OTCC (Overlapped Target and Connected Coverage) problem of which objective is to maximize the network lifetime based on the new energy consumption model. Also, we present SPT (Shortest Path based on Targets)-Greedy algorithm to solve the problem. Our simulation results show that SPT-Greedy algorithm performs much better than the previous algorithm in terms of the network lifetime. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Performance Analysis of Beamforming Algorithm for Noise Cancellation with Respect to the Arrival Angles of Interference Signal

Performance Analysis of Beamforming Algorithm for Noise Canc...

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International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery, CyberC

作者： Md. Zahangir Alom Hyo Jong Lee Division of Computer Science and Engineering Chonbuk National University of Korea Jeonju South Korea Division of Computer Science and Engineering Center for Advanced Image and Information Technology Chonbuk National University of Korea Jeonju South Korea

This article presents performance analysis of multiple channel noise cancellation by beam forming algorithm depending on the variation of arrival of angles of the interference signal. In this article we examined that the effectiveness of the desired signal by the different arrival of angles of interference signals. The variation of the arrival angles of the interference signal considered -150 0 to +150 0 with 30 0 intervals and the desired signal arrival angle is 0 0 . The desired signal and the optimized multi-layer perception (MLP) were used to calculate the correlation values at different angle. We also used the Back propagation algorithm as learning rule for MLP and improving our signal quality. This involves a desired signal whilst removing any noise or interference signals which may come from different sources.

关键词： Interference Correlation Array signal processing Antennas Frequency modulation Artificial neural networks Noise

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Classification of EEG correlates on emotion using features from Gaussian mixtures of EEG spectrogram

Classification of EEG correlates on emotion using features f...

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International Conference on information and Communication technology for The Muslim World

作者： Khosrowabadi, Reza Rahman, Abdul Wahab Bin Abdul Center for Computational Intelligence School of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Division of Computer Science School of Information and Communication Technology International Islamic University Kuala Lumpur 50728 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9789791948913

This paper presents the classification of EEG correlates on emotion using features extracted by Gaussian mixtures of EEG spectrogram. This method is compared with three feature extraction methods based on fractal dimension of EEG signal including Higuchi, Minkowski Bouligand, and Fractional Brownian motion. The K nearest neighbor and Support Vector Machine are applied to classify extracted features. The 4 emotional states investigated in this paper are defined using the valence-arousal plane: two valence states (positive and negative) and two arousal states (calm, excited). The accuracy of system to classify 4 emotional states is investigated on EEG collected from 26 subjects (20 to 32 years old) while exposed to emotionally-related visual and audio stimuli. The results showed that the proposed feature extraction using Gaussian mixtures of EEG spectrogram yielded better classification results using the KNN classifier. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Fractal dimension

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Cooperative routing approach for ISP-provided content delivery service using hierarchical DHT

Cooperative routing approach for ISP-provided content delive...

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IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communication

作者： Jung, Kyounghee Kim, Dohyun Lee, Younghee Division of Media Technology Media Business Center KT Corporation Korea Republic of Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering KAIST Korea Republic of Dept. of Computer Science KAIST Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9780769542140

This paper suggests ISP-provided content delivery service that provides fine-grained locality and exploits network status in content routing to overcome the dilemma from current content delivery technology like P2P. Hierarchical DHT provides an efficient and scalable distributed data service architecture and it is able to achieve high level of locality over ISP network which has a hierarchical topology in general. However, simple implementation of it into ISP network imposes several issues: long query length, overloading, and the ignorance of network status in routing which is one of strengths of ISP-provided service. In order to resolve the aforementioned issues, this paper introduces network domain heuristic based merging and dynamic cost-based cooperative routing that exploits service load and network cost together. According to simulation based evaluation, our proposed approach achieves around 40% shorter latency in both delivery and query. Furthermore, it can alleviate overloading and content delivery through contested path efficiently. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Internet service providers

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Complex networks in climate science: Progress, opportunities and challenges

Complex networks in climate science: Progress, opportunities...

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NASA Conference on Intelligent Data Understanding, CIDU 2010

作者： Steinhaeuser, Karsten Chawla, Nitesh V. Ganguly, Auroop R. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 United States Geographic Information Science and Technology Group Computational Sciences and Engineering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 United States

Networks have been used to describe and model a wide range of complex systems, both natural as well as man-made. One particularly interesting application in the earth sciences is the use of complex networks to represent and study the global climate system. In this paper, we motivate this general approach, explain the basic methodology, report on the state of the art (including our contributions), and outline open questions and opportunities for future research. Copyright © 2010 Karsten Steinhaeuser, Nitesh Chawla, and Auroop Ganguly.

关键词： Complex networks

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Load distribution algorithm based on transcoding time estimation for distributed transcoding servers

Load distribution algorithm based on transcoding time estima...

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2010 International Conference in information science and Applications, ICISA 2010

作者： Seo, Dongmahn Kim, Jongwoo Jung, Inbum Imaging Media Center Robotics/Systems Division Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 136-791 Korea Republic of Department of Computer and Communications Engineering College of Information Technology Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon 200-701 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781424459438

As a result of improvements in wireless communication technologies, a multimedia data streaming service can be provided for mobile clients such as PDAs and cellular phones. Because mobile devices have low computing power and work on a low network bandwidth, a transcoding technology is needed to adapt the original streaming media for mobile environments. To provide quality of service, original encoded media are transcoded within limited time and transmitted to clients without ceasing and jittering phenomena. In particular, when large-scale mobile clients demand streaming services, load distribution methods among distributed transcoding servers have a tremendous impact on the total number of quality of service streams. In this paper, a new load distribution method is proposed based on transcoding time estimation with transcoding servers' information, movie information and target transcoding bit-rate. In experiments, the proposed method produces the best performance scalability according to the increase of transcoding servers. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Quality of service

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Field experiments for developing transmission control based on weather estimation in an environmental wireless sensor network

Field experiments for developing transmission control based ...

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Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, ATNAC

作者： Kohta Ohshima Hiroshi Hara Yoichi Hagiwara Matsuaki Terada Institute of Engineering Division of Advanced Information Technology & Computer Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan Field Science Center Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan Information Media Center Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan

One of the problems affecting sensor networks for natural environments is the attenuation of radio waves due to high humidity, and the attenuation is worst in the case of a 2.4 GHz radio wave. We are developing a transmission control method that estimates communication environment fluctuations caused by changes in the natural environment. This paper discusses a transmission performance in wireless sensor networks in terms of correlations between wireless transmission performance and environmental conditions observed in filed experiments. Measurements were made with sensor nodes equipped with a weather sensing device at an experimental filed of the university, Field Museum (FM) Tamakyuryo in Tokyo. During a one-week experiment, measurements of some parameters, a Throughput, signal strength, humidity, and atmospheric pressure were taken in the field. The results confirmed that increasing humidity definitely decreased the throughput. Temporal changes of the atmospheric pressure during the ongoing measurements will foresee short-term weather changes, which would enable to keep the transmission in control under the foreseen weather conditions.

关键词： Atmospheric measurements Wireless sensor networks Humidity Throughput Pressure measurement Wireless communication

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Segmentation of flexor tendons within carpal tunnel from magnetic resonance image

Segmentation of flexor tendons within carpal tunnel from mag...

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2010 International computer Symposium, ICS 2010

作者： Chen, Hsin-Chen Sun, Yung-Nien Wang, Yi-Ying Lin, Cheng-Hsien Wang, Chien-Kuo Jou, I.-Ming Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Flight Testing Division Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Radiology National Cheng Kung University Hospital Tainan Taiwan Department of Orthopedics College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424476404

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common peripheral neuropathies. For evaluation of the CTS, segmentation of carpal tunnel and its contents from magnetic resonance (MR) images is rather important. In this paper we propose a new segmentation framework for the flexor tendons within the carpal tunnel on MR images. The proposed method consists of two stages including construction of reference tendon contour (RTC) and registration-based segmentation. Initially, we segment the flexor tendons from the most proximally cross-sectional image using watershed algorithm. The resulting segmented tendons then serve as the RTCs and are applied to the registration-based segmentation stage. Each of the RTCs in this stage is registered to its distally adjacent image by a rigid transformation and then its shape is refined by snake deformation. The registration-based segmentation is sequentially performed on each pair of adjacent cross-sectional images along the proximal to distal direction until the most distal image is segmented. Consequently, the flexor tendons in the entire MR volume can be automatically segmented. In the experiments three MR volumes were used to validate the accuracy of the proposed method. Compared to the manual results, our proposed method showed good agreement on the tendon segmentations with dice similarity coefficient above 0.8. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Tendons

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