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General expert consensus on the application of network pharmacology in the research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2025年第2期23卷 129-142页

作者： Shao Li Wei Xiao Institute of TCM-X/MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics Bioinformatics DivisionBNRist/Department of AutomationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.Lianyungang 222047China

The research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)drugs have progressively established a novel system founded on the integration of TCM theory,human experience,and clinical trials(termed the“Three Combinations”).However,considering TCM's distinctive features of“syndrome differentiation and treatment”and“multicomponent formulations and complex mechanisms”,current TCM drug development faces challenges such as insufficient understanding of the material basis and the overall mechanism of action and an incomplete evidence chain ***,significant obstacles persist in gathering human experience data,evaluating clinical efficacy,and controlling the quality of active ingredients,which impede the innovation process in TCM drug *** pharmacology,centered on the“network targets”theory,transcends the limitations of the conventional“single target”reductionist research *** emphasizes the comprehensive effects of disease or syndrome biological networks as targets to elucidate the overall regulatory mechanism of TCM *** approach aligns with the holistic perspective of TCM,offering a novel method consistent with TCM's holistic view for investigating the complex mechanisms of TCM and developing new TCM *** is internationally recognized as a“next-generation drug research model”.To advance the research of new tools,methods,and standards for TCM evaluation and to overcome fundamental,critical,and cutting-edge technical challenges in TCM regulation,this consensus aims to explore the characteristics,progress,challenges,applicable pathways,and specific applications of network pharmacology as a new theory,method,and tool in TCM drug *** goal is to enhance the quality of TCM drug research and development and accelerate the efficiency of developing new TCM products.

关键词： Network pharmacology Research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs Expert consensus

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Impeller Position in a Magnetically Levitated Rotodynamic Blood Pump and Its Impact on In-Silico Hemocompatibility

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ASAIO Journal 2025年 2025 Apr 3页

作者： Grujic, Marko Schoefbeck, Rosmarie Thamsen, Bente Aigner, Philipp Röhrich, Michael Jakubek, Stefan Zimpfer, Daniel Granegger, Marcus Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanical Circulatory Support Department of Cardiac Surgery Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Department of Anaesthesia Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Division of Control and Process Automation Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria

In magnetically levitated rotodynamic blood pumps (RPBs), the impeller position depends on a balance of electromagnetic and fluid dynamic forces. The aim of this study was to describe the impeller position of the HeartMate 3 over a wide range of operating conditions and assess its potential impact on hemocompatibility. Three-dimensional impeller positions were measured using a transparent HeartMate 3 pump casing, laser distance measurements, and a high-speed camera. Accompanying computational fluid dynamic (CFD) hemocompatibility predictions of a displaced and centered impeller at a typical operating point were compared. Impeller positions vary substantially with different operating points with a maximum axial displacement of 223 µm at 7 L/min and 7,000 rpm and a maximum radial displacement of 145 µm at 0 L/min and 7,000 rpm. In CFD, a displaced impeller had only a minor influence on global pump parameters ( © ASAIO 2025.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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In-vitro Hemocompatibility Evaluation of the HeartMate 3 under Realistic Operating Conditions

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IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 2025年 PP卷 PP页

作者： He, Xiangyu Narayanaswamy, Krishnaraj Fischer, Michael B. Schmitt, Leonie Ruthmeier, Teresa Messner, Barbara Jakubek, Stefan Zimpfer, Daniel Granegger, Marcus Medical University of Vienna Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanical Circulatory Support Department of Cardiac Surgery Vienna Austria Medical University of Vienna Clinic for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy Vienna Austria Medical University of Vienna Department of Cardiac Surgery Vienna Austria Vienna University of Technology Division of Control and Process Automation Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Vienna Austria

Objective: Operating conditions significantly influence hemolysis generation in rotodynamic blood pumps (RBPs). Previous experiments conducted under constant operating conditions have demonstrated that lower flow rates are associated with a higher normalized index of hemolysis (NIH). However, in clinical scenarios, the pump flow rate fluctuates in response to the residual cardiac function. This study aims to investigate the effects of various pulsatile operating conditions on hemolysis generation and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) degradation of RBP. Methods: To investigate these conditions, pulsatile flow experiments were conducted for 12 hours using HeartMate 3 (HM3, Abbott Inc, USA) in a hybrid mock circulatory loop with citrated human blood from hemochromatosis patients. Three operating conditions (high, low, and no residual cardiac function) were examined under two pump speed settings: normal (5400rpm, 4.3L/min) and low (4800rpm, 2.5L/min). Hemolysis was assessed by measuring delta free hemoglobin every 30 minutes (dfHb30min) and calculating NIH. High molecular weight (HMW) vWF multimer degradation was assessed using immunoblotting. Results: There was no significant difference in dfHb30min (p>0.388), NIH (p>0.382), and HMW vWF multimers degradation (p>0.364) between the three operating conditions, but differences in these parameters were observed between the normal and low speed settings. Meanwhile, a consistent trend in the hemolysis outcomes was observed with slightly elevated hemolysis in no and high pulsatility conditions of both speed settings. Conclusion: Hemocompatibility of the HM3 is not significantly affected by periodic high/low flow or backflows through the pump in in-vitro evaluation but rather by the pump operating condition: flow rate and pump speed. © 1964-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Flow rate

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Quantized Distributed Nonconvex Optimization Algorithms with Linear Convergence under the Polyak–Lojasiewicz Condition

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic control 2025年

作者： Xu, Lei Yi, Xinlei Sun, Jiayue Shi, Yang Johansson, Karl H. Yang, Tao Northeastern University State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Shenyang110819 China University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering VictoriaBCV8W 2Y2 Canada Tongji University Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Shanghai201804 China KTH Royal Institute of Technology Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Stockholm100 44 Sweden

This paper considers distributed optimization for minimizing the average of local nonconvex cost functions, by using local information exchange over undirected communication networks. To reduce the required communication capacity, we introduce an encoder–decoder scheme. By integrating it with distributed gradient tracking and proportional integral algorithms, respectively, we then propose two quantized distributed nonconvex optimization algorithms. Assuming the global cost function satisfies the Polyak–Lojasiewicz condition, which does not require the global cost function to be convex and the global minimizer is not necessarily unique, we show that our proposed algorithms linearly converge to a global optimal point. Moreover, we show that a low data rate is sufficient to guarantee linear convergence when the algorithm parameters are properly chosen. The theoretical results are illustrated by numerical examples. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cost functions

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Optimizing portable gas sensor system for hepatocellular carcinoma detection via volatile organic compounds analysis

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Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation 2025年 253卷

作者： Viphavakit, Charusluk Sukaram, Thanikan Maung, Soe Thiha Rerknimitr, Rungsun Chaiteerakij, Roongruedee Center of Excellence in Intelligent Control Automation of Process Systems Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Center of Excellence for Innovation and Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Oncology Division of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Ma Har Myaing Hospital Yangon Myanmar Integrated Innovation and Digital Technologies Affairs Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand

The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath is a promising method for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the current technology suffers from a lack of portability, rendering it unsuitable for field-based screening applications. This study designed a compact sensor system operated in real-time, as detecting the 5 HCC biomarkers simultaneously was vital for accurate diagnosis due to cross-biomarkers for various diseases. The results showed that the optimized gas sensor system included injection volume of 3.0 mL, heating the Tedlar bag to 80 °C, and applying a 1-minute nitrogen purge, which achieved a rapid response time. The proposed gas sensor system has demonstrated excellent performance, with a concentration range of 10–1,000 ppb and strong linearity (R2 > 0.85). This portable analyzer is easy to use, delivers rapid results, and is suitable for point-of-care testing. Further studies are warranted to validate its performance with human breath samples before its implementation in clinical practice. © 2025

关键词： pH sensors

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Real-time capable nonlinear pantograph models using local model networks in state-space configuration

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2016年第21期49卷 157-162页

作者： Maier, Clemens C. Schirrer, Alexander Kozek, Martin Technische Universität Wien Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Division of Control and Process Automation ViennaA-1060 Austria

Modern pantograph current collectors for high-speed trains are mechatronic systems that are increasingly equipped with active control to maximize their dynamic performance. To realize a high-quality contact, decrease wear, and increase speed, it is necessary to use high-fidelity co-simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) testing tools, as well as modern model-based control (MBC) concepts. In all these areas, efficient, real-time-capable and accurate models of the pantograph dynamics are required. This paper proposes two different real-time-capable nonlinear pantograph models based on the local model network (LMN) methodology, intended for utilization in co-simulation and control design. They are identifiable by measurement data and applicable for different pantograph geometries. The proposed model structures attain significant improvements in accuracy compared to classical models via global linearization, and they are highly computationally efficient. © 2016

关键词： Electric current collection Fuzzy neural networks MIMO systems Model structures Pantographs Quality control Railroad cars Railroads Computationally efficient Hardware in the loops High speed train (HST) Model based controls Neuro fuzzy network Non linear model Real time capability Subspace identification

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Distributed Event-Triggered Bandit Convex Optimization With Time-Varying Constraints

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IEEE Transactions on control of Network Systems 2025年

作者： Zhang, Kunpeng Yi, Xinlei Wen, Guanghui Cao, Ming Johansson, Karl H. Chai, Tianyou Yang, Tao Northeastern University State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Shenyang110819 China Ministry of Education Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Shanghai201210 China Southeast University School of Automation Nanjing210096 China University of Groningen Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen Faculty of Science and Engineering GroningenAG 9747 Netherlands KTH Royal Institute of Technology Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Stockholm10044 Sweden KTH Royal Institute of Technology Digital Futures Stockholm10044 Sweden

This paper considers the distributed bandit convex optimization problem with time-varying inequality constraints over a network of agents, where the goal is to minimize network regret and cumulative constraint violation. Existing distributed online algorithms solving this problem require that each agent broadcasts its decision to its neighbors at each iteration. However, communication resources are often limited. To better utilize communication resources, we propose a distributed event-triggered online primal-dual algorithm with two-point bandit feedback. Under several classes of appropriately chosen decreasing parameter sequences and non-increasing event-triggered threshold sequences, we establish dynamic network regret and network cumulative constraint violation bounds. These bounds are comparable to the results achieved by distributed event-triggered online algorithms with full-information feedback. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify the theoretical results. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Optimization algorithms

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An actuator fault detection concept for active vibration control of a heavy metro vehicle

An actuator fault detection concept for active vibration con...

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14th International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2007, ICSV 2007

作者： Benatzky, Christian Kozek, Martin Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Division of Control and Process Automation Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781627480000

This paper proposes a hardware redundancy based actuator fault detection concept for the control of a heavy metro vehicle car body. Because of the specific properties of collocated actuator/sensor pairs it can be shown that the proposed method is simple, reliable and inexpensive. Additionally, it avoids the necessity to accurately model the flexible structure under investigation which would be necessary in analytical redundancy based methods. Furthermore, the concept is validated utilizing a 1/10 scaled laboratory model of a heavy metro vehicle car body.

关键词： Vibrations (mechanical)

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An advanced criterion for optimal actuator and sensor placement on complex exible structures

An advanced criterion for optimal actuator and sensor placem...

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作者： Westermayer, Christian Schirrer, Alexander Hemedi, Mark Kozek, Martin Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Division of Control and Process Automation Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783902661425

In a comprehensive control design approach for exible mechanic structures, such as lightweight vehicles or aircraft, a vital decision is the positioning and design of actuators and sensors for the control tasks. This paper proposes an optimal placement approach that exploits the special structure of exible mechanical systems and incorporates controllability/observability based measures as well as further knowledge on actuator and sensor properties. It combines the advantages of state of the art positioning criteria such that a balance between low and high frequency modes is assured and at the same time applicability to complex systems in arbitrary system coordinates is guaranteed. These essential properties are illustrated on a clamped beam. The controlled system is studied in terms of the generalized plant description, as it is common in robust control design. Thus it serves as natural extension to the controller design process later on and enables comprehensive control design optimization at an early stage.

关键词： Robust control

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An identification procedure for a scaled metro vehicle - Flexible structure experiment 9

An identification procedure for a scaled metro vehicle - Fle...

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2007 9th European control Conference, ECC 2007

作者： Benatzky, Christian Kozek, Martin Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Division of Control and Process Automation Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783952417386

This paper deals with the experimental setup and the identification of a flexible structure laboratory experiment of a 1/10 scaled metro vehicle car body. The test bed setup as well as the measurement equipment are described to point out that the identification of a system description is difficult because not only control inputs and measurements are considered but additionally the excitation inputs and the performance variables have to be incorporated. Where standard state of the art identification techniques fail to obtain a model of the structure a simple yet efficient procedure is given to identify the flexible structure experiment at hand. Finally, closed loop experimental and simulation results are utilized to validate the suitability of the proposed identification procedure. © 2007 EUCA.

关键词： Flexible structures

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