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2023 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference, NAECON 2023

作者： Narayanan, Barath Narayanan De Silva, Manawaduge Supun Hardie, Russell C. University of Dayton Research Institute Sensor and Software Systems Division Dayton United States University of Dayton Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dayton United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350338782

computer-aided detection of plasmodium malaria on cell images from digital microscopy provides an invaluable second opinion to medical experts. Traditionally, well-established deep learning algorithms are widely used to detect plasmodium, but these techniques have not been deployed due to the uninterpretable nature of the decisions made by the network. To address this, we present an ensemble method that fuses the predictions based on the class activation mapping (CAM) results from multiple networks via a novel selector network. We study the performance on a publicly available dataset of cell images by using three convolutional neural network architectures, Xception, ResNet50, and InceptionV3,to produce CAM results for the selector network and performance comparison. Our proposed approach helps enhance doctors' trust and outperforms the traditional methods by 1%. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Diseases

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Silicon-Based Charge Trapping Memory Devices for Next-Generation Flexible Electronics Application

IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics

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IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics 2023年第5期2卷 408-413页

作者： Das, Uttam Kumar Aslam, Nabeel Hussain, Muhammad Mustafa El-Atab, Nazek Program of ECE Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia KAUST Core Labs Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia Purdue University Elmore Family School of ECE West LafayetteIN47907 United States

Silicon-based charge trapping memory (CTM) devices currently dominate the nonvolatile memory (NVM) technology due to their excellent reliability, scalability, and maturity of the manufacturing process;however, they are rigid, which limits their potential in futuristic applications, such as wearables and flexible displays, among many others;moreover, the majority of previously reported studies on flexible NVM have been limited to either nonsilicon-based CTM or to emerging NVM technologies, such as ferroelectric random access memory and memristors, among others, which still need to overcome different challenges, including, but not limited to, reliability issues and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. In this article, a flexible silicon-based CTM device is developed using a volumetric reduction process. A MOS memory structure with a 7-nm thin Si3N4 layer embedded between 5-nm tunneling (SiO2) and 9-nm blocking oxides (Al2O3) is first fabricated. Next, a backside sequential etching process transforms the rigid die into an ultrathin (20μm) flexible Si die for future application in flexible electronics. The fabricated two-terminal device exhibits a 2.32 V memory window in both rigid and bent states, as observed using capacitance-voltage measurements. A three-terminal version of the device was also developed, where the source and drain terminals were activated using an in situ doped plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) process. The flexible encapsulated chip was tested using current-voltage measurements, and the performance was compared at different mechanical bending conditions. The electrical characterization confirms that the flexible devices show similar endurance (104 cycles) and retention (105s) performances to their rigid counterparts. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Aluminum oxide

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Advanced technologies in InGaN micro-LED fabrication to mitigate the sidewall effect

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光：科学与应用（英文版） 2025年第2期14卷 307-332页

作者： Zhiyuan Liu Haicheng Cao Xiao Tang Tingang Liu Yi Lu Zixian Jiang Na Xiao Xiaohang Li Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering ProgramCEMSE DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The size of InGaN micro-LEDs is continuously decreasing to meet the demands of various emerging applications,especially in tiny micro-displays such as AR/***,the conventional pixel definition based on plasma etching significantly damages the mesa sidewalls,leading to a severe reduction in efficiency as the micro-LED size *** seriously impedes the development and application of *** this work,we comprehensively explain the origin of micro-LED sidewall effects and corresponding physical ***,we systematically review recent progress in micro-LED fabrication aiming at suppressing sidewall ***,we discuss advancements in micro-LED fabrication with"damage-free"techniques,which hold the potential to fundamentally address the issue of plasma damage in the micro-LED *** believe this review will deepen the understanding of micro-LED sidewall effects and provide a better insight into the latest associated fabrication technologies for high-efficient InGaN micro-LEDs.

关键词： technologies micro-led advanced ingan effect fabrication mitigate sidewall

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ANUBIS: Hybrid FPAA-FPGA Architecture for Entropy-Based True Random Number Generation in Secure UAV Communication

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IEEE Embedded Systems Letters 2025年第3期17卷 164-167页

作者： El-Hadedy, Mohamed Abelian, Andrea Lee, Kenny Cheng, Benny N. Hwu, Wen-Mei California State Polytechnic University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering PomonaCA91768 United States University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Coordinated Science Laboratory ChampaignIL61801 United States Naval Surface Warfare Center Corona Division NorcoCA92860 United States

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and field-programmable analog arrays (FPAAs) are reconfigurable circuits that enable flexible digital and analog implementations post-manufacturing. FPGAs are widely used in telecommunications, mixed-signal, and embedded systems due to their parallel processing and reconfigurability. Meanwhile, FPAAs provide flexibility for analog systems, which is crucial for modern mixed-signal processing. This letter introduces ANUBIS, a hybrid system combining FPGA and FPAA technologies to generate true random number generators (TRNGs) for secure UAV communication. Due to its reliability and cost efficiency, ANUBIS leverages a thermistor circuit as an entropy source. The FPAA amplifies the analog noise generated by the thermistor, while the FPGA digitizes and processes the signal using Von Neumann whitening (VNW) to remove bias. The ASCON hash function is applied to the whitened bitstream to generate cryptographically secure keys. These keys are utilized in a DHKE to enable secure communication via Bluetooth low energy (BLE), an ideal protocol for energy-constrained UAV applications. ANUBIS demonstrates reconfigurability, power efficiency, and ease of implementation, showcasing its potential for secure communication applications. It achieves robust randomization, setting a new standard for UAV communication security and addressing applications requiring reliable TRNG solutions. The system consumes 1.615 W in total, with 1.54 W consumed by the FPGA and 75 mW by the FPAA. Resource utilization on the PYNQ-Z1 board includes 5186 LUTs (9.75%), 549 units of memory (3.15%), and 5.5 units of BRAM (3.93%), indicating moderate resource usage with room for future enhancements. By integrating reliable analog noise harvesting with efficient digital post-processing, ANUBIS offers a novel approach to TRNG design, demonstrating the potential for broader cryptographic applications in resource-constrained environments. © 2009-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Random number generation

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Quantum–classical co-simulation for smart grids: a proof-of-concept study on feasibility and obstacles

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Energy Informatics 2023年第1期6卷 25页

作者： Vereno, Dominik Khodaei, Amin Neureiter, Christian Lehnhoff, Sebastian Josef Ressel Centre for Dependable System-of-Systems Engineering Urstein Süd 1 Puch/Salzburg5412 Austria Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Denver 2155 E Wesley Ave DenverCO80208 United States R &D Division Energy OFFIS Escherweg 2 Oldenburg26121 Germany

With the rising complexity of our electricity infrastructure, smart grid simulations increasingly rely on co-simulation, which involves jointly executing independent subsystem simulations. However, in large-scale simulation scenarios, such as those involving costly power-flow analysis, co-simulation may experience computational-performance issues. Quantum computing offers a potential solution through quantum–classical co-simulation, in which one or more simulators of an otherwise classical co-simulation are executed on quantum hardware. However, there is no practical realization of this concept that establishes its feasibility. To address this gap, we integrate a quantum power flow simulator with a smart grid co-simulation and conduct an exploratory simulation study using a fictitious case-study scenario. The experiments demonstrate the feasibility of quantum–classical co-simulation;at the same time, they highlight four obstacles to the concept’s realization in practice: (1) To use quantum computing for co-simulation, session-based scheduling is required. (2) Distributed simulation limits possible applications and requires proximity of computing resources. (3) For the efficient extraction of classical information from the quantum states, we need carefully designed operators. (4) Current hardware limitations—such as noise susceptibility and the lack of quantum random access memory—limit practical near-term uses of quantum power flow;therefore, attention should be turned to alternative applications that are more promising in the near term. These findings pave the way for future research on quantum–classical co-simulation and its potential applications in smart grids. © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： Smart power grids

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Multi-color solitons and frequency combs in microresonators

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Optics Express 2025年第10期33卷 21824-21835页

作者： Menyuk, Curtis R. Shandilya, Pradyoth Courtright, Logan Moille, Grégory Srinivasan, Kartik Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD21250 United States Joint Quantum Institute NIST University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States

Multi-color solitons that are parametrically created in dual-pumped microresonators generate interleaved frequency combs that can be used to obtain combs at new frequencies and, when synchronized, can be used for low-noise microwave generation and potentially as an element in a chip-scale clockwork. Here, we first derive three-wave equations that describe multi-color solitons that appear in microresonators with a nearly quartic dispersion profile. These solitons are characterized by a single angular group velocity and different angular phase velocities. We then use these equations to explain the interleaved frequency combs that are observed at the output of the microresonator. Finally, we used these equations to describe the experimentally-observed soliton-OPO effect. In this effect, the pump frequency color interacts nonlinearly with a signal frequency color to create an idler frequency color in a new frequency range, somewhat analogous to an optical parametric oscillation (OPO) process, but in which the Kerr nonlinearity plays a role in matching the angular group velocity, analogous to soliton formation. These three colors then create an interleaved frequency comb in the output waveguide. We determine the conditions under which we expect this effect to occur. We anticipate that the three-wave equations and their extensions will be of use in designing new frequency comb systems and determining their stability and noise performance. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Solitons

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Online Trajectory Optimization for Persistent Monitoring Problems in Partitioned Environments

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hall, Jonas Cassandras, Christos G. Andersson, Sean B. Division of Systems Engineering Boston University United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Division of Mechanical Engineering Boston University United States

We consider the problem of using an autonomous agent to persistently monitor a collection of targets distributed in a given environment. We generalize existing work by allowing the agent’s dynamics to vary throughout the environment, leading to a hybrid dynamical system. This introduces an additional layer of complexity towards the planning portion of the problem: we must not only identify in which order to visit the points of interest, but also in which order to traverse the regions. We propose a tailored global path planner and prove that it is not only probabilistically complete, but converges in probability to a time-optimal solution. We then design an offline sequence planner together with an online trajectory optimizer. Simulations validate the results. © 2024, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Dynamical systems

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Data-Driven Norm-Optimal Control of Discrete Repetitive Processes 63

Data-Driven Norm-Optimal Control of Discrete Repetitive Proc...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Moore, Kevin L. Chu, Bing Rapisarda, Paolo Colorado School of Mines Division of Engineering Design and Society and the Department of Electrical Engineering 1500 Illinois St. GoldenCO80401 United States University of Southampton School of Electronics and Computer Science SO17 1BJ United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

We present a data-driven, model-free approach to norm-optimal control of discrete repetitive processes, exploiting Willems' fundamental lemma. The algorithm is described in detail, and a rigorous analysis of its convergence properties is performed. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design methodology. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Enhanced Feature-based Image Stitching for Endoscopic Videos in Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Enhanced Feature-based Image Stitching for Endoscopic Videos...

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Medical Imaging 2025: Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling

作者： Xiong, Juming Li, Muyang Deng, Ruining Yao, Tianyuan Bao, Shunxing Tyree, Regina N. Hiremath, Girish Huo, Yuankai Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN United States Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN United States Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510685949

Video endoscopy represents a major advance in the investigation of gastrointestinal diseases. Reviewing endoscopy videos often involves frequent adjustments and reorientations to reconstruct a comprehensive view of the examined area, a process that is not only time-consuming but also prone to errors. Image stitching techniques offer a solution by enabling a continuous and complete visualization of the examined area. However, endoscopic images, particularly those of the esophagus, present unique challenges. The smooth surface, lack of distinct feature points, and non-horizontal orientation complicate the stitching process, rendering traditional feature-based methods often ineffective for these types of images. To solve this problem, we propose a novel preprocessing pipeline designed to enhance endoscopic image stitching through advanced computational techniques. Our approach converts endoscopic video data into continuous 2D images by following four key steps: (1) keyframe selection, (2) image rotation adjustment to correct distortions, (3) surface unwrapping using polar coordinate transformation to generate a flat image, and (4) feature point matching enhanced by Adaptive Histogram Equalization for improved feature detection. We evaluate stitching quality through the assessment of valid feature point match pairs. Experiments conducted on 20 pediatric endoscopy videos demonstrate that our method significantly improves image alignment and stitching quality compared to traditional techniques, laying a robust foundation for more effective panoramic image creation. © 2025 SPIE

关键词： Endoscopy

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Silicon Solar Cell-Integrated Flexible Retinal Prosthesis for Artificial Vision 38

Silicon Solar Cell-Integrated Flexible Retinal Prosthesis fo...

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38th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, MEMS 2025

作者： Kim, Chaesung Chung, Seung-Han Kim, Yong-Jin Roh, Hyeonhee Lee, Seung-Ki Kim, Yong-Kweon Lee, Hyung-Min Park, Jae-Hyoung Kang, Min Gu Im, Maesoon Korea University School of Electrical Engineering Seoul Korea Republic of Seoul National University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul Korea Republic of Photovoltaics Research Department Daejeon Korea Republic of Dankook University Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Yongin Korea Republic of Brain Science Institute Seoul Korea Republic of Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology Seoul Korea Republic of Kyung Hee University KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508890

To date, no flexible silicon solar cell capable of directly converting visible light into electrical current has been developed for use in retinal prosthetic devices. In this study, we successfully fabricated silicon solar cells into small, pixelated structures and demonstrated their potential for retinal prostheses. To minimize surgical incisions during implantation and enhance device stability on the retina, we incorporated a flexible polymer substrate. Our results underscore the promise of silicon solar cells in biomedical engineering, especially for retinal prosthesis applications © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Cell engineering

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