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Anonymous TollPass: A Blockchain-Based Privacy-Preserving Electronic Toll Payment Model

computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 3495-3518页

作者： Jane Kim Soojin Lee Chan Yeob Yeun Seung-Hyun Seo Department of Electronic&Electrical Engineering Graduate SchoolHanyang UniversitySeoul04763Korea Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi127788United Arab Emirates School of Electrical Engineering Hanyang UniversityERICAAnsan15588Korea

As big data,Artificial Intelligence,and Vehicle-to-Everything(V2X)communication have advanced,Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS)are being developed to enable efficient and safe transportation *** Toll Collection(ETC),which is one of the services included in ITS systems,is an automated system that allows vehicles to pass through toll plazas without stopping for manual *** ETC system is widely deployed on highways due to its contribution to stabilizing the overall traffic system *** ensure secure and efficient toll payments,designing a distributed model for sharing toll payment information among untrusted toll service providers is ***,the current ETC system operates under a centralized ***,both toll service providers and toll plazas know the toll usage history of *** raises concerns about revealing the entire driving routes and patterns of *** address these issues,blockchain technology,suitable for secure data management and data sharing in distributed systems,is being applied to the ETC *** enables efficient and transparent management of ETC ***,the public nature of blockchain poses a challenge where users’usage records are exposed to all *** tackle this,we propose a blockchain-based toll ticket model named AnonymousTollPass that considers the privacy of *** proposed model utilizes traceable ring signatures to provide unlinkability between tickets used by a vehicle and prevent the identity of the vehicle using the ticket from being identified among the ring members for the ***,malicious vehicles’identities can be traced when they attempt to reuse *** conducting simulations,we show the effectiveness of the proposed model and demonstrate that gas fees required for executing the proposed smart contracts are only 10%(when the ring size is 50)of the fees required in previous studies.

关键词： Blockchain electronic toll collection smart contract traceable ring signature

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Blockchain privacy: Fundamental aspects and challenges for the future Internet data sharing

IET Blockchain

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IET Blockchain 2024年第2期4卷 152-168页

作者： Kapsoulis, Nikolaos Psychas, Alexandros Litke, Antonios Varvarigou, Theodora School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece Division of Mathematics and Engineering Science Hellenic Army Academy Athens Greece

Privacy concerns the majority of individuals, governments, and organizations that share data over dissimilar networks of nodes. Every kind of participant requires awareness of the data journey that unfolds inside a blockchain network with its own trustworthy rules of data management and accessibility. This paper provides a methodological approach on privacy for data sharing within blockchain environments. Specific technological aspects of blockchains that relate to on-chain privacy such as network nature, party join, smart contracts, blockchain states, transactions, and ledger flows, are analysed with respect to the involvement and impact of privacy in distributed ledgers. A high-level architectural approach is suggested that is intended to address significant privacy concerns on data sharing among different kinds of users in the context of blockchain networks deployment and the broader Web 3.0 ecosystem building. Simultaneously, many pertinent challenges are discussed regarding network nature, configurable privacy, ownership, confidentiality, secured computation, and data monetization that appear in the field and ought to be carefully tackled for the future mass adoption of privacy-matured distributed ledgers that interconnect delivering the future Internet. © 2023 The Authors. IET Blockchain published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of engineering and Technology.

关键词： Blockchain

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Programmable directional color dynamics using plasmonics

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 325-334页

作者： Gyurin Kim Doeun Kim Soeun Ko Jang-Hwan Han Juhwan Kim Joo Hwan Ko Young Min Song Hyeon-Ho Jeong School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju 61005Republic of Korea Department of Semiconductor Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju 61005Republic of Korea Artificial Intelligence(AI)Graduate School Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju 61005Republic of Korea

Adaptive multicolor filters have emerged as key components for ensuring color accuracy and resolution in outdoor visual ***,the current state of this technology is still in its infancy and largely reliant on liquid crystal devices that require high voltage and bulky structural ***,we present a multicolor nanofilter consisting of multilayered‘active’plasmonic nanocomposites,wherein metallic nanoparticles are embedded within a conductive polymer *** nanocomposites are fabricated with a total thickness below 100 nm using a‘lithography-free’method at the wafer level,and they inherently exhibit three prominent optical modes,accompanying scattering phenomena that produce distinct dichroic reflection and transmission ***,a pivotal achievement is that all these colors are electrically manipulated with an applied external voltage of less than 1 V with 3.5 s of switching speed,encompassing the entire visible ***,this electrically programmable multicolor function enables the effective and dynamic modulation of the color temperature of white light across the warm-to-cool spectrum(3250 K-6250 K).This transformative capability is exceptionally valuable for enhancing the performance of outdoor optical devices that are independent of factors such as the sun’s elevation and prevailing weather conditions.

关键词： directional prevailing exceptional

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Dynamic Quantum Federated Learning for UAV-based Autonomous Surveillance

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第5期74卷 8158-8170页

作者： Park, Soohyun Son, Seok Bin Jung, Soyi Kim, Joongheon Sookmyung Women's University Division of Computer Science Seoul Korea Republic of Korea University School of Electrical Engineering Seoul Korea Republic of Ajou University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Suwon16499 Korea Republic of

In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have proven their effectiveness in surveillance due to their superior mobility. By utilizing multiple UAVs with collaborated learning, surveillance of a huge area while consuming minimum resources is possible. However, the performance of UAV collaborative learning systems is still severely limited because the number of parameters in a classical NN is generally very large, which is unsuitable for unstable wireless communication. To address this issue, this paper uses a quantum neural network (QNN), which has large computational capabilities and uses fewer parameters to overcome the problems caused by many parameters. However, it is still difficult to send all the parameters of the QNN to the server under poor channel conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes dynamic quantum federated learning (DQFL), a novel framework designed for UAVs employing quantum computing (QC) and federated learning (FL). The proposed DQFL uses a dynamic quantum neural network (DQNN) with a multi-depth circuit and employs dynamic control of the circuit layer to improve the efficiency of local parameter transmission between UAVs in unstable wireless communication environments. Extensive simulations conducted under real-world autonomous surveillance conditions demonstrate the robustness of DQFL to non-iidness, varying signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), and poor communication channel conditions in the UAV environment. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Zero-dynamics attack detection based on data association in feedback pathway

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Cognitive Robotics 2025年 5卷 126-139页

作者： Zhang, Zeyu Li, Hongran Todo, Yuki Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kanazawa University Ishikawa Kanazawa9201192 Japan School of Computer Engineering Jiangsu Ocean University Jiangsu Lianyungang222005 China Faculty of Electrical Information and Communication Engineering Kanazawa University Ishikawa Kanazawa9201192 Japan

This paper considers the security of non-minimum phase systems, a typical kind of cyber-physical systems. Non-minimum phase systems are characterized by unstable zeros in their transfer functions, making them particularly susceptible to disturbances and attacks. The non-minimum phase systems are more vulnerable to zero-dynamics attack (ZDA) than minimum phase systems. ZDA is a stealthy attack strategy that exploits the internal dynamics of a system, remaining undetectable while causing gradual system destabilization. Recent cyber incidents have demonstrated the increasing risk of such hidden attacks in critical infrastructures, such as power grids and transportation systems. This paper first demonstrates that the existing ZDA has the limitation of falling into local convergence, and then proposes an enhanced zero-dynamics attack (EZDA), which overcomes local convergence by diverging system data. Furthermore, this paper presents an autoregressive model which can build the data association between the original data and the forged data. By observing the fluctuations in state values, the presented model can detect not only ZDA, but also EZDA. Finally, numerical simulations and an application example are provided to verify the theoretical results. © 2025

关键词： Cyber attacks

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Barrier Function-Based Backstepping Fractional-Order Sliding Mode Control for Quad-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle under External Disturbances

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IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 2024年第1期60卷 716-728页

作者： Liu, Bowen Wang, Yingxun Mofid, Omid Mobayen, Saleh Khooban, Mohammad Hassan Beihang University School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beijing100191 China University of Zanjan Department of Electrical Engineering Zanjan45371-38791 Iran National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Douliou64002 Taiwan Aarhus University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aarhus8200 Denmark

The main control objective for the quad-rotor system is the attitude and position tracking control which is accomplished in this article using the backstepping fractional-order sliding mode control approach combined with the adaptive tuning based barrier function theory. The quad-rotor's dynamical model is obtained at the appearance of the disturbance that is entered to the quad-rotor system by an exterior force. Hence, the attitude and position tracking errors between the quad-rotor's actual states and their desired trajectory are defined. Afterward, the fractional-order sliding surfaces are defined to guarantee finite-time reachability of the defined tracking error. The designed fractional-order surface eases the control process due to the removal of the high-derivative of virtual controllers. Then, the extended adaptive barrier function laws named fractional-order-based adaptive barrier function laws are employed to eliminate the knowledge of the upper bounds of external disturbances. The Lyapunov theory concept mixed with the backstepping control strategy is used to demonstrate that the fractional-order sliding surface reaches the neighborhood of origin in the finite time. Finally, simulation results in various scenarios on the MATLAB/ Simulink environment are provided to show that the designed control procedure in this article is an efficient control technique to assure that attitude and position's trajectories of the quad-rotor system track desired trajectories properly in the existence of the external disturbances. Moreover, the designed method is compared to the existing method to validate the efficiency of the proposed method. Lastly, experimental results using the Speedgoat real-time target machine is implemented to assure validity of the recommended method. © 1965-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Backstepping

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An intelligent impulsive noise mitigation with deep learning method

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International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics 2024年第3期4卷 346-360页

作者： Guo Yang Yuwen Qian Zikun Wang Xiangwei Zhou Wen Wu The School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjingChina The Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA

To enable message transmission among sensors and equipment,power line communication(PLC)is a widely adopted smart ***,due to the occurrence of impulsive noise(IN),reliable transmissions over PLC channels in the smart grid are ***,in this paper,we propose an adaptive noise mitigation scheme to clip the IN with the sliding window-based method,where the altitude of the received signal in the current time slots is obtained by computing the average altitude of signals in the previous and next time *** detect the states of IN and dynamically estimate the power threshold of signals for the IN mitigation scheme,we develop an intelligent algorithm based on the long short-term memory *** prevent the useful signals from being eliminated as IN signals,we propose the accelerated proximal gradient method(APGM)based on tone reservation to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR)for the transmitting signals with low computational *** addition,the closed-form expression of the bit error rate(BER)is derived for the proposed sliding window-based IN mitigation scheme according to the probability density function of the *** results demonstrate that the proposed IN mitigation scheme achieves a better BER performance than the conventional IN mitigation *** addition,the APGM aided by IN mitigation can further improve BER performance due to the PAPR reduction.

关键词： impulsive noise deep learning smart grid

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Educational Data Analysis using Generative AI

Educational Data Analysis using Generative AI

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2024 Joint of International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge Workshops, LAK-WS 2024

作者： Berr, Abdul Leelaluk, Sukrit Tang, Cheng Chen, Li Okubo, Fumiya Shimada, Atsushi Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kyushu University Japan Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering Kyushu University Japan

With the advent of generative artificial intelligence (AI), the scope of data analysis, prediction of performances, real-time feedback, etc. in learning analytics has widened. The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of using generative AI to analyze educational data. Moreover, the performances of two large language models (LLMs): GPT-4 and text-davinci-003, are compared with respect to different types of analyses. Additionally, a framework, LangChain, is integrated with the LLM in order to achieve deeper insights into the analysis, which can be beneficial for beginner data scientists. LangChain has a component called an agent, which can help study the analysis being performed step-by-step. Furthermore, the impact of the OpenLA library, which pre-processes the data by calculating the number of reading seconds of students, counting the number of operations performed by students, and making page-wise behavior of each student, is also studied. Besides, factors with the most significant impact on students’ performances were also discovered in this analysis. The results show that GPT-4, when using the data pre-processed by OpenLA, provides the best analysis in terms of both, the accuracy of the final answer, and the step-by-step insights provided by LangChain’s agent. Also, we learn the significance of reading time and interactions used (Add marker, bookmark, memo) by students in predicting grades. © 2024 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Students

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The Effectiveness of CNN-Based Models in Macroscopic Motion Direction Detection 6

The Effectiveness of CNN-Based Models in Macroscopic Motion ...

引用

6th International Conference on Robotics and computer Vision, ICRCV 2024

作者： Qiu, Zhiyu Chen, Tianqi Hua, Yuxiao Todo, Yuki Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology Kanazawa University Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kanazawa Japan Kanazawa University Faculty of Electrical Information and Communication Engineering Kanazawa Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527426

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have revolutionized the field of computer vision, offering significant advancements in image and video recognition, classification, and segmentation tasks. Leveraging hierarchical pattern recognition capabilities, CNNs have demonstrated superior performance over traditional machine learning methods. One particularly critical application of CNNs is in motion direction detection, which is essential for enhancing security in surveillance systems, ensuring safe navigation in autonomous vehicles, and providing valuable insights in sports analytics. In this study, our primary goal was to investigate how different types of input data impact the accuracy of motion direction detection. We applied five distinct preprocessing methods to test the effect of input data on accuracy. Furthermore, we conducted experiments in various object and background scenarios to evaluate adaptability of simple 4-layer CNN, EfficientNetBO and ResNet50 in detecting motion direction. Finally, we tested the noise resistance of these three models. The results indicate that CNNs are capable of extracting the macroscopic motion direction of objects in images. Our study highlights the potential of CNN-based models for efficient and effective motion direction detection. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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High-Performance Face Identification Using Randomly Selected Channels from Hyperspectral Images

High-Performance Face Identification Using Randomly Selected...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques, IST 2024

作者： Furusawa, Sota Premachandra, Chinthaka Graduate School of Engineering and Science Shibaura Institute of Technology Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378214

With the recent development of information technology, the importance of protecting personal information has increased. Because of the vulnerability in passwords, biometric authentication is now being used as a method of personal information protection. However, biometric authentication has the possibility of malicious authentication due to the emergence of technology that can generate biometric data that is difficult to duplicate. Therefore, this study aimed to solve the security problems posed by Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in biometric authentication by using Hyperspectral Images (HSI). We searched for solutions to the problems identified in previous studies, such as the inability to correctly identify individuals who have not been previously learned and the length of time required for identification. In this paper, we used three channels of data randomly selected from hyperspectral face images for learning to identify individuals by binary classification into 'learned subject (class)' and 'unlearned subjects (classes)'. In this case, discriminators based on the least-squares generative adversarial network (LSGAN) model was developed for each class using three randomly selected channels of data from the HSI for two class classification. The proposed method significantly reduced the identification time and achieved very high discrimination accuracy in all classes. In addition, the results showed high accuracy throughout multiple face identification experiments. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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