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2023 Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference, OECC 2023

作者： Zhou, Zhiwei Shimeno, Yoshikazu Kawai, Shotaro Maruyama, Takeo Lu, Sicheng Kanazawa University Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kanazawa Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665462136

The purpose of this research is to address the issue of optical deflection angle in small magnetic devices, which can limit their effectiveness in various applications. To overcome this challenge, we propose using grating couplers to control the direction of light propagation. Specifically, we have developed a system that consists of 16 phase array grating couplers and 8 multimode interferometers (MMIs) that work together to achieve 2D beam steering. The researchers found that changing the wavelength by 50nm was enough to achieve 6.06° of 1D beam steering. By carefully manipulating the phase of the grating couplers, we were able to deflect the light from 0° to 1.75° of 2D beam steering, which could greatly enhance the performance of small magnetic devices. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Silicon nitride

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Investigations and Time Estimation on Federated Learning for Future Internet of Vehicles

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 17387-17398页

作者： Fukumoto, Shun Li, Ruidong Zeng, Kai Nan, Haihan Su, Zhou Kanazawa University Intelligent Computation and Network Laboratory Division of Electrical Information and Communication Engineering Kanazawa920-1192 Japan Kunming University of Science and Technology Faculty of Information Engineering Automation Kunming066000 China Kanazawa University Division of Electrical Information and Communication Engineering Kanazawa920-1192 Japan George Mason University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department FairfaxVA22030 United States Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Xi’an710049 China

For future Internet of Vehicles (IoV), communications and computing will converge to provide services. Federated learning (FL), as one of the typical distributed computing technologies, needs to be integrated with IoV. For such integration, FL suffers from the straggler effect that the entire learning speed is lowered down, because of the existence of the devices, such as low-powered road side units and vehicles, taking more time to complete their tasks. Although the existing mechanisms reduce straggler effects by adopting asynchronous mechanisms and clustering mechanisms, they lack the detailed analysis of the reasons and the impacts of each cause, leading to inefficiencies in the design of algorithm. Additionally, most of the existing work only considered the impact of a single factor in computation, communication, or data distribution, which lacks comprehensive on research for causes of stragglers effects. The bottleneck is that it is laborious to observe the time delay precisely with the existing high-calculating evaluations. In this article, we elaborately explore the effects of computing power, communication capability, and data distributions on the straggler effects with carefully designing and conducting the extensive experiments. After investigations, we propose a novel learning completion time estimation formula for low computing capability devices with mini-batch stochastic gradient decent (SGD). We compare our proposed estimation formula with the one based on floating operation per second (FLOPs). Through the evaluations, our formula can demonstrate the improvement up to 72.4% at docker and 32.4% at Raspberry Pi device compared to the existing work. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Adaptive Traffic Signal Control System Using Object Detection Based Approach 4

Adaptive Traffic Signal Control System Using Object Detectio...

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4th International Conference on Robotics, electrical and Signal Processing Techniques, ICREST 2025

作者： Khan, Irfan Hasan, Mehedi Islam, Shamsul Reza, Suman Reza, Tuhin Efaz, Erteza Tawsif Faridpur Engineering College Department of Computer Science & Engineering Faridpur Bangladesh Louisiana State University Division of Electrical & Computer Engineering Baton RougeLA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530938

In Bangladesh, most four-legged intersections use a static-timed or manually-controlled traffic signaling approach, which creates irrefutable congestion and requires human involvement. This paper proposes an adaptive traffic control system utilizing the YOLO object detection framework within CNNs to address this issue. The system captures and frames images using cameras facing every road at a roundabout to detect and count vehicles in real-time for providing lights based on the traffic conditions, prioritizing emergency vehicles such as ambulances, firetrucks, and police-car while also maintaining queues. It sets the signal duration considering road condition. Using a dataset of 10,462 images across 12 classifications of automobiles and a transfer learning approach in YOLOv8, the model achieved a mAP50 score of 0.90. This automated method reasonably enhances traffic flow management by dynamically adjusting signal lights without human intervention. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Adaptive control systems

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A Deep Learning-Based Method for Crowd Counting Using Shunting Inhibition Mechanism

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第11期5卷 5733-5745页

作者： Tivive, Fok Hing Chi Bouzerdoum, Abdesselam Phung, Son Lam Le, Hoang Thanh Baali, Hamza University of Wollongong School of Electrical Computer and Telecommunications Engineering WollongongNSW2522 Australia Hamad Bin Khalifa University Information and Computing Technology Division College of Science and Engineering Doha Qatar

Image-based crowd counting has gained significant attention due to its widespread applications in security and surveillance. Recent advancements in deep learning have led to the development of numerous methods that have achieved remarkable success in accurately counting crowds. However, many of the existing deep learning methods, which have large model sizes, are unsuitable for deployment on edge devices. This article introduces a novel network architecture and processing element designed to create an efficient and compact deep learning model for crowd counting. The processing element, referred to as the shunting inhibitory neuron, generates complex decision boundaries, making it more powerful than the traditional perceptron. It is employed in both the encoder and decoder modules of the proposed model for feature extraction. Furthermore, the decoder includes alternating convolutional and transformer layers, which provide local receptive fields and global self-attention, respectively. This design captures rich contextual information that is used for generating accurate segmentation and density maps. The self-attention mechanism is implemented using convolution modulation instead of matrix multiplication to reduce computational costs. Experiments conducted on three challenging crowd counting datasets demonstrate that the proposed deep learning network, which comprises a small model size, achieves crowd counting performance comparable to that of state-of-the-art techniques. Codes are available at https://***/ftivive/SINet. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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Extended-Attention Applied in Selected Stages 7

Extended-Attention Applied in Selected Stages

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7th International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, PRAI 2024

作者： Zhang, Zeyu Todo, Yuki Kanazawa University Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kanazawa Japan Kanazawa University Faculty of Electrical Information and Communication Engineering Kanazawa Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350350890

The Self-attention mechanism was widely applied in computer Vision (CV) field. However, while Self-attention mechanism brings high accuracy to Transformer, it also brings a huge amount of calculation. To further enhance accuracy and decrease computational load, in this paper, two refinements were implemented. Firstly, two matrices were introduced to enhance the extraction of image information for Extended-attention method. The capacity of Transformer was enhanced by these matrices to capture crucial information in complex tasks, the final accuracy and generalization performance were significantly improved. Secondly, the impact of implementing the aforementioned Self-attention mechanism at various stages of the Transformer is investigated. Intriguingly, our findings reveal that selectively implementing this method at specific stages leads to a significant enhancement in the model's performance. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning Different Stages Self-attention Transformer

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Cache Allocation in Multi-Tenant Edge Computing: An Online Model-Based Reinforcement Learning Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing 2025年第2期13卷 459-472页

作者： Ben-Ameur, Ayoub Araldo, Andrea Chahed, Tijani Dán, György Institut Polytechnique de Paris SAMOVAR Telecom SudParis Palaiseau91120 France KTH Royal Institute of Technology Division of Network and Systems Engineering School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Stockholm11428 Sweden

We consider a Network Operator (NO) that owns Edge Computing (EC) resources, virtualizes them and lets third party Service Providers (SPs) run their services, using the allocated slice of resources. We focus on one specific resource, i.e., cache space, and on the problem of how to allocate it among several SPs in order to minimize the backhaul traffic. Due to confidentiality guarantees, the NO cannot observe the nature of the traffic of SPs, which is encrypted. Allocation decisions are thus challenging, since they must be taken solely based on observed monitoring information. Another challenge is that not all the traffic is cacheable. We propose a data-driven cache allocation strategy, based on Reinforcement Learning (RL). Unlike most RL applications, in which the decision policy is learned offline on a simulator, we assume no previous knowledge is available to build such a simulator. We thus apply RL in an online fashion, i.e., the model and the policy are learned by directly perturbing and monitoring the actual system. Since perturbations generate spurious traffic, we thus need to limit perturbations. This requires learning to be extremely efficient. To this aim, we devise a strategy that learns an approximation of the cost function, while interacting with the system. We then use such an approximation in a Model-Based RL (MB-RL) to speed up convergence. We prove analytically that our strategy brings cache allocation boundedly close to the optimum and stably remains in such an allocation. We show in simulations that such convergence is obtained within few minutes. We also study its fairness, its sensitivity to several scenario characteristics and compare it with a method from the state-of-the-art. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Entanglement-Controlled Quantum Federated Learning

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 18318-18330页

作者： Park, Soohyun Lee, Hyunsoo Jung, Soyi Park, Jihong Bennis, Mehdi Kim, Joongheon Sookmyung Women’s University Division of Computer Science Seoul04310 Korea Republic of Korea University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Ajou University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Suwon16499 Korea Republic of Pillar Tampines Singapore University of Oulu Centre for Wireless Communications Oulu90014 Finland

According to the advances in quantum computing and distributed learning, quantum federated learning (QFL) has recently become an emerging field of study. In QFL, each quantum computer or device locally trains its quantum neural network (QNN) with trainable gates, and communicates only these gate parameters over classical channels, without costly quantum communications. To successfully opeate QFL under various and dynamic channel conditions in Internet of Things (IoT) environments, this article develops a novel depth-controllable architecture of entangled slimmable QNNs (eSQNNs), and thus, proposes an entangled slimmable QFL (eSQFL) that communicates the superposition-coded parameters of eSQNNs. Even though the proposed eSQNN-based eSQFL is superior, training the depth-controllable eSQNN architecture is challenging due to high-entanglement entropy and interdepth interference. Therefore, the proposed method in this article mitigates the interference using entanglement controlled universal (CU) gates and an inplace fidelity distillation (IPFD) regularizer penalizing interdepth quantum state differences, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method optimizes the superposition coding power allocation by deriving and minimizing the convergence bound of eSQFL. The novelty of this work is evaluated via extensive simulations in terms of prediction accuracy, fidelity, and entropy compared to Vanilla QFL as well as under different channel conditions and various data distributions. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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A flexible capacitive photoreceptor for the biomimetic retina

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Light(science & Applications) 2022年第1期11卷 38-49页

作者： Mani Teja Vijjapu Mohammed E.Fouda Agamyrat Agambayev Chun Hong Kang Chun-Ho Lin Boon S.Ooi Jr-Hau He Ahmed M.Eltawil Khaled N.Salama Sensors lab Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials CenterComputerElectrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Communication and Computing Systems Lab ComputerElectrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California-IrvineIrvineCA 92612USA Department of Electrical Computer and Energy EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

Neuromorphic vision sensors have been extremely beneficial in developing energy-efficient intelligent systems for robotics and privacy-preserving security *** is a dire need for devices to mimic the retina's photoreceptors that encode the light illumination into a sequence of spikes to develop such ***,we develop a hybrid perovskite-based flexible photoreceptor whose capacitance changes proportionally to the light intensity mimicking the retina's rod cells,paving the way for developing an efficient artificial retina *** proposed device constitutes a hybrid nanocomposite of perovskites(methyl-ammonium lead bromide)and the ferroelectric terpolymer(polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene).A metal-insulator-metal type capacitor with the prepared composite exhibits the unique and photosensitive capacitive behavior at various light intensities in the visible light *** proposed photoreceptor mimics the spectral sensitivity curve of human photopic *** hybrid nanocomposite is stable in ambient air for 129 weeks,with no observable degradation of the composite due to the encapsulation of hybrid perovskites in the hydrophobic *** functionality of the proposed photoreceptor to recognize handwritten digits(MNIST)dataset using an unsupervised trained spiking neural network with 72.05%recognition accuracy is *** demonstration proves the potential of the proposed sensor for neuromorphic vision applications.

关键词： perovskite illumination preserving

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Effect of Signal Conditioning and Evoked-Potential Based Representation on Stability and Distinctiveness of EEG Brain Signatures 12

Effect of Signal Conditioning and Evoked-Potential Based Rep...

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12th International Symposium on Digital Forensics and Security, ISDFS 2024

作者： Oztemel, Muhammed Esad Soysal, Omer Muhammet Louisiana State University Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Southeastern Louisiana University Computer Science United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330366

Biometric patterns have been used for authentication purposes for more than decades. Although traditional biometric measurements including fingerprints, facial recognition, and sound recognition are often used for authentication purposes, there is ongoing concern about the risks associated with their repeatability and susceptibility to theft. The utilization of electroencephalography (EEG) has promising potential thanks to the distinctive patterns extracted from brain signals. The main goal of this study is to explore the effectiveness of signal conditioning and evoked potentials on uniqueness and permanence of individuals' EEG signals for authentication purpose. We utilized the Laplacian of Gaussian as a signal conditioning operator. In addition, three signifying functions were explored in obtaining evoked potential time-domain representation from an individual EEG signal. Different stimuli protocols were employed for comparison. A time-series and a statistical technique were utilized for uniqueness and permanence analysis. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication

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Photodiode and Analog-Front-End Circuit Design for Wearable Vital Sensing System with Fiber-Bragg-Grating Sensor

Photodiode and Analog-Front-End Circuit Design for Wearable ...

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2023 International Symposium on Devices, Circuits and Systems, ISDCS 2023

作者： Kano, Kaede Johguchi, Koh Graduare School of Science and Technology Shinshu University Electrical and Computer Engineering Division Department of Engineering Nagano Japan Shinshu University Electrical and Computer Engineering Division Faculty of Engineering Nagano Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350315042

A prototype of wearable vital sensing system has been developed with Fiber-Bragg-Gratings senor and 180-nm CMOS image sensor process chip. The system can acquire vital signs by capturing reflecting light with a photodiode. The designed test chip contains two types analog-front-end circuit. The feasibility for a vital sensing was verified with measurements with both of current-voltage conversion type and integral analog-to-digital convertor type. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Photodiodes

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