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From light sensing to adaptive learning:hafnium diselenide reconfigurable memcapacitive devices in neuromorphic computing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2025年第1期14卷 215-226页

作者： Bashayr Alqahtani Hanrui Li Abdul Momin Syed Nazek El-Atab Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University(PNU)RiyadhSaudi Arabia

Advancements in neuromorphic computing have given an impetus to the development of systems with adaptive behavior,dynamic responses,and energy efficiency *** charge-based or emerging memory technologies such as memristors have been developed to emulate synaptic plasticity,replicating the key functionality of neurons—integrating diverse presynaptic inputs to fire electrical impulses—has remained *** this study,we developed reconfigurable metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors(MOSCaps)based on hafnium diselenide(HfSe2).The proposed devices exhibit(1)optoelectronic synaptic features and perform separate stimulus-associated learning,indicating considerable adaptive neuron emulation,(2)dual light-enabled charge-trapping and memcapacitive behavior within the same MOSCap device,whose threshold voltage and capacitance vary based on the light intensity across the visible spectrum,(3)memcapacitor volatility tuning based on the biasing conditions,enabling the transition from volatile light sensing to non-volatile optical data *** reconfigurability and multifunctionality of MOSCap were used to integrate the device into a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron model within a spiking neural network to dynamically adjust firing patterns based on light stimuli and detect exoplanets through variations in light intensity.

关键词： integrate volatile integrating

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A possible solution for noise attenuation material for urban buses: The downtown São Paulo case study

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Noise and Vibration Worldwide 2025年第3期56卷 137-147页

作者： Monteiro, Elvis C Avila, Antonio F Division Stellantis Betim Brazil Mechanical Engineering Graduate Studies Program Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Graduate Studies Program Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil

Urban buses, particularly in large cities, are exposed to significant noise pollution. This paper presents a new family of materials at the micro/nano level designed for urban noise attenuation, specifically for application in urban buses. Melamine foam is combined in series with nanomembranes, creating a composite material that functions as a Helmholtz resonator. As sound waves pass over the nanomembranes, they are disturbed, and the sound resonates within the melamine foam. This interaction reduces the energy of the sound waves and enhances the noise absorption coefficient. In ten cases studied, the average sound absorption coefficient was approximately 89%, with peak frequencies ranging from 2400 Hz to 4300 Hz. The average thickness of the nanomembranes was around 5.0 µm, while the melamine foam had a thickness of 13 mm. The mean noise reduction achieved was about 11 dB, which depends on factors such as the morphology, thickness, and pore size of the nanomembranes. A case study conducted in downtown São Paulo demonstrated that applying these materials to urban buses can significantly reduce interior noise levels. Finally, the proposed system is fully scalable and adaptable for various applications where acoustic insulation is required. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Noise pollution

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Etching-free pixel definition in InGaN green micro-LEDs

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1655-1665页

作者： Zhiyuan Liu Yi Lu Haicheng Cao Glen Isaac Maciel Garcia Tingang Liu Xiao Tang Na Xiao Raul Aguileta Vazquez Mingtao Nong Xiaohang Li Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering ProgramCEMSE DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The traditional plasma etching process for defining micro-LED pixels could lead to significant sidewall *** near sidewall regions act as non-radiative recombination centers and paths for current leakage,significantly deteriorating device *** this study,we demonstrated a novel selective thermal oxidation(STO)method that allowed pixel definition without undergoing plasma damage and subsequent dielectric *** annealing in ambient air oxidized and reshaped the LED structure,such as p-layers and InGaN/GaN multiple quantum ***,the pixel areas beneath the pre-deposited SiO_(2)layer were selectively and effectively *** was demonstrated that prolonged thermal annealing time enhanced the insulating properties of the oxide,significantly reducing LED leakage ***,applying a thicker SiO_(2)protective layer minimized device resistance and boosted device efficiency *** the STO method,InGaN green micro-LED arrays with 50-,30-,and 10-μm pixel sizes were manufactured and *** results indicated that after 4 h of air annealing and with a 3.5-μm SiO_(2)protective layer,the 10-μm pixel array exhibited leakage currents density 1.2×10^(-6)A/cm^(2)at-10 V voltage and a peak on-wafer external quantum efficiency of~6.48%.This work suggests that the STO method could become an effective approach for future micro-LED manufacturing to mitigate adverse LED efficiency size effects due to the plasma etching and improve device ***-LEDs fabricated through the STO method can be applied to micro-displays,visible light communication,and optical interconnect-based *** planar pixel geometry will provide more possibilities for the monolithic integration of driving circuits with ***,the STO method is not limited to micro-LED fabrication and can be extended to design other III-nitride devices,such as photodetectors,laser diodes,high-electron-mobility transistors

关键词： annealing protective quantum

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Characterization of H2-air detonations with high-speed (2.5 MHz) Rayleigh scattering and single-shot planar laser-induced fluorescence of nitric oxide

Characterization of H2-air detonations with high-speed (2.5 ...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Chatelain, Karl P. Alicherif, Mhedine Guiberti, Thibault F. Lacoste, Deanna A. Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division PO box 4700 Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

This study characterizes a CJ hydrogen-air detonation using high-speed Rayleigh scattering and single-shot planar laser-induced fluorescence of nitric oxide (NO-PLIF). Firstly, we demonstrate that a Nd:YAG laser cluster can be employed to conduct high-speed Rayleigh scattering visualizations of hydrogen-air detonations at 25 kPa, achieving effective visualization frequencies of 2.5MHz in this study. This multipulse Rayleigh scattering diagnostic is complementary to the existing techniques: (i) it enables the characterization of any detonation, from CJ detonations in large aspect ratio channel to marginal detonations in narrow channels;(ii) it is significantly less expensive than typical burst-mode lasers;(iii) it has adjustable visualization frequency, which can go beyond 10MHz with the same energy per pulse. This makes this diagnostic even more suitable for high-pressure detonations or for undiluted conditions, where structures are smaller and detonations faster, respectively;(iv) it is easily applicable to higher initial pressures since the Rayleigh signal scales with number density. Secondly, we combine this multipulse Rayleigh scattering with NO-PLIF to complement the average speed and speed decay measurements with local induction zone length (δi) measurements. This five-beam configuration provides measurement capabilities similar to our previous three beam configuration, outside of the local speed decay. Furthermore, an experimental and numerical assessment reveals that δi measurements cannot be achieved from Rayleigh scattering, as they are significantly underestimated—by approximately 25%—compared to those from NO-PLIF. Hence, NO-PLIF is recommended over Rayleigh scattering for accurate δi measurements in future studies. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rayleigh scattering

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Micro-electrode array (MEA) electrophysiological signal analysis by descriptive stochastic tests of the probability density structure

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2025年第2期41卷 1-13页

作者： Faria, Vinícius Naves Rezende Ramos, Marina Abadia Martinoia, Sérgio Destro-Filho, João-Batista Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de MG Uberlândia Brazil Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Universidade Federal de MG Uberlândia Brazil Division of Informatics Bioengineering Robotics and System Engineering Università Degli Studi Di Genova Genova Italy

Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to present, analyze, and quantitatively characterize the electrical signals obtained from neuronal cultures coupled to micro-electrode arrays (MEAs). Special attention is given to the temporal evolution of electrical activity across distinct geometric regions of the MEA devices. Methods: The proposed methodology involves signal acquisition, classical analysis based on spike and burst detection, and, critically, the characterization of the probability density structure of the signals. This is achieved through the quantification of Gaussianity—expressed as the percentage of segments non-Gaussian (PSNG)—and stationarity— expressed as the percentage of segments non-stationary (PSNE). Results: Initial analyses showed that first-order power spectral density quantifiers lacked the statistical robustness required to effectively describe the complex components of MEA signals. In contrast, PSNG and PSNE demonstrated strong potential in capturing the different stages of neuronal culture development. Cluster analysis further supported the discriminative capacity of these quantifiers. Conclusion: The phase corresponding to decreased neuronal activity and onset of cell death—a biologically critical stage—exhibited the strongest correlation among the studied variables. These results suggest a discernible biological organization and highlight the relevance of PSNG and PSNE as promising tools for assessing neuronal culture dynamics. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical engineering 2025.

关键词： Cell death

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Sintering-based lithography metal additive manufacturing of chiral mechanical metamaterials with a twist 1

Sintering-based lithography metal additive manufacturing of ...

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1st International Conference on Digital Sovereignty, ICDS 2024

作者： Melentiev, Ruslan Wagih, Ahmed Van Der Heijden, Bram Lubineau, Gilles Grande, Carlos A. Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Sciences and Engineering Division Saudi Arabia Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Program. Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia

Metamaterials are a cla b of materials with extraordinary capabilities derived from their engineered structure. In 2017, Frenzel et al. (Science 358, 2017) conceptualized "three-dimensional mechanical metamaterials with a twist,"which convert linear deformation into rotational motion - a mechanical response that surpa bes the bounds of Cauchy continuum mechanics. However, the lack of suitable manufacturing technologies for producing metallic twist metamaterials has precluded their experimental validation and potential applications to date. Herein, 316L-stainle b-steel twist metamaterials are fabricated at various scales using an emerging sintering-based technology - lithography metal manufacturing (LMM) - and their mechanical responses are tested using stereo digital image correlation. Results provide the first empirical evidence of compre bion-induced rotation in steel twist metamaterials and highlight their sensitivity to manufacturing defects. Video, Application 1 Supplementary 1 Video, Application 2 Supplementary 2 Video, Application 3 Supplementary 3 © 2025 The Author(s).

关键词： Sintering

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Dictionary-based Sentiment Analysis at Subword Level

Dictionary-based Sentiment Analysis at Subword Level

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Industry 4.0, Artificial Intelligence, and Communications Technology, IAICT 2024

作者： Yang, Janghoon Computer Science Program Division of Science and Engineering Penn State Abington AbingtonPA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353464

While deep learning can offer a promising approach to sentiment analysis, it often presents challenges in complexity and explainability. Alternatively, sentiment analysis based on dictionaries has been explored. In this paper, subword-level dictionaries in English are considered to address performance degradation resulting from domain mismatches. To work at subword level, a framework based on naïve bayes machine learning algorithm is exploited. Furthermore, stopwords at the subword level have been proposed to remove additional interference intrinsic to subword tokenization. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves higher accuracy and F1 scores compared to the conventional dictionary-based method when there is a mismatch between the dictionary and the corpus of documents while performing marginally worse than state-of-the-art deep learning methods when applied to datasets from the same domain. ©2024 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Back-end-of-line integration of 2D materials on silicon microchips

Back-end-of-line integration of 2D materials on silicon micr...

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2023 International Electron Devices Meeting, IEDM 2023

作者： Lanza, M. Pazos, S. Zhu, K. Yuan, Y. Shen, Y. Alharbi, O. Zheng, W. Zhang, X. Alshareef, H.N. Materials Science and Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350327670

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have excellent electronic and thermal properties that could help to improve the performance of electronic devices and circuits. However, scalable 2D materials synthesis and their integration in silicon microchips (with, for example, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor, CMOS) transistors presents some challenges, mainly related to the presence of local defects that degrade device/circuit performance. In this invited article, we discuss the integration of 2D materials in silicon microchips. We analyze the type of materials and their properties, the main synthesis and manipulation methods, the type of circuits fabricated, the electronic performance achieved, as well as the future challenges and solutions. We focus on microchips with pre-patterned CMOS circuits on which the 2D material is deposited at the back-end-of-line (BEOL). © 2023 IEEE.

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TriMet Powell Garage: Whole Building Design Strategies

TriMet Powell Garage: Whole Building Design Strategies

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AEE West Energy Conference and Expo 2024

作者： Shepard, Elin MacKinnon Kiser, Kate Energy Trust New Buildings Program United States TriMet’s Engineering and Construction Division United States

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Flipping Across the First Year Workshop 14

Flipping Across the First Year Workshop

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14th Annual First-Year engineering Experience Conference, FYEE 2023

作者： McCord Ellestad, Rachel Kit, Kevin Bennett, Richard M. McCave, Erin Puretskiy, Andrey A. The Engineering Fundamentals Division The University of Tennessee Knoxville United States The University of Tennessee United States Engineering Fundamentals Division The University of Tennessee United States The Engineering Fundamentals Program The University of Tennessee United States The Engineering Fundamentals Program University of Tennessee United States

The use of a flipped classroom pedagogy has gained significant momentum in engineering education over the past decade. More instructors are taking on the challenge of transitioning their courses to a flipped classroom pedagogy to allow for more active learning and support during class time. While there are many benefits to the use of flipped classrooms in engineering courses, there are many challenges associated to the implementation and sustainability of this approach. Additionally, first year educators may be hesitant to transition their courses to a flipped classroom model due to fears that students may not be ready for such a dramatic shift in classroom approach. The engineering Fundamentals program in the Tickle College of engineering at the University of Tennessee Knoxville is a common, student success-based first year program that teaches engineering physics, introduction to computer programming, design, teamwork and communication to over 1000 students per semester. In Spring 2018, our unit began an initiative to flip all courses associated with our program. In previous years, one course had attempted flipping a portion of the content in the course to provide more time for active learning. While performance data showed an improvement due to the flip [site paper], student feedback was negative towards a mid-semester shift in learning approach due to increased demands for adapting to the new style. In Spring 2018, the EF team decided to commit to flipping the program in an effort to provide a more positive experience for students in the transition to a new classroom environment. © 14th Annual First-Year engineering Experience Conference, FYEE 2023.

关键词： Students

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