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2024 SPE Europe Energy Conference and Exhibition, EURO 2024

作者： Sanchez-Huerta, C. Hong, P.-Y. Zhang, S. Alahmari, M.M. Humam, A.A. Environmental Science and Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Saudi Aramco’s EXPEC Advanced Research Center Dhahran Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025399

Groundwater contaminated with hydrocarbons poses a serious hazard to the environment. Current oil-contaminated groundwater remediation techniques include physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Chemical surfactants have the potential of high toxicity due to their low biodegradability. Biosurfactants have demonstrated similar performance to that of chemical surfactants, with the added value of low toxicity. The use of surfactants directly over the top layer of crude oil-contaminating groundwater, where environmental conditions are different from that in above ground surfaces, have yet not been explored in depth. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential of four different surfactants for their ability to be deployed in conditions mimicking underground aquifer so as to enhance remediation of oil-contaminated groundwater. Selected surfactants comprised two chemical surfactants, referred to as A and B, and two biosurfactants, referred to as BS and C. Surfactants were evaluated for their ability (i) to reduce the crude oil layer thickness through facilitating oil dispersion, and (ii) the extent of natural biodegradation it can achieve. Experiments were performed in glass flasks containing synthetic groundwater and crude oil supplemented with surfactant added at the three different surfactants: oil ratios (S:O) 1:5, 1:10 and 1:50. Reduction of crude oil layer thickness, water turbidity, and bacterial cell count were continuously monitored for 60 days to observe the temporal variation of biosurfactant activity towards crude oil. The performance of surfactants A, C and BS in reducing oil layer thickness was influenced by temperature and S:O ratios. Overall, increase in temperature increased the performance of these three surfactants. S:O ratio was optimal at 1:10 for surfactants A and BS, and at 1:5 for surfactant C. Surfactants A and C reduced the oil layer thickness mainly by means of dispersion and less by biodegradation. In contrast, surfactant BS ex

关键词： Surface active agents

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Hybrid Solution to Remediate Groundwater Contaminated by Petroleum-Hydrocarbons

Hybrid Solution to Remediate Groundwater Contaminated by Pet...

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2024 SPE Water Lifecycle Management Conference and Exhibition, WLMC 2024

作者： Alahmari, M.M. Humam, A.A. Zefzafy, I.M. Sanchez-Huerta, C. Hong, P.-Y. Zhang, S. Saudi Aramco's EXPEC Advanced Research Center Dhahran Saudi Arabia Environmental Science and Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025320

Groundwater contamination by petroleum-hydrocarbons is a serious environmental problem. Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with serious environmental and health risks. Thus, remediation of groundwater from petroleum hydrocarbon contamination is an emerging priority. Current approaches to remediate hydrocarbon contamination include physical and chemical methods. However, most of these approaches have a limited application for in-situ groundwater remediation. This study aims to develop a sustainable hybrid solution for efficient restoration of groundwater polluted by crude oil, providing a source of high-quality groundwater stream. Hybrid solution compromises in-situ addition of biosurfactant followed by a flow through electrochemical reactor installed in the groundwater well. The proposed hybrid solution comprises a two-stage process evaluated through lab-scale experiments treating crude oil that was mixed with synthetic water, mimicking groundwater contamination by petroleum-hydrocarbons. For biosurfactant optimization, glass flasks containing synthetic groundwater and crude oil were supplemented with biosurfactant BS, and C added at the three surfactants: oil (S:O) ratios 1:5, 1:10, and 1:50. Two temperature (25-35 °C) conditions were analyzed to simulate groundwater environment. The change in the crude oil layer thickness total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration (TPH) was continuously monitored for 60 days. Electron Oxidation was carried out where Boron-dopped diamond (BDD) anode and titanium cathode plates, were fitted into a 1 L reactor containing groundwater, crude oil and biosurfactant. Kinetic analysis at three constant currents (20, 30 and 40 mA/cm2) was performed. Samples were collected at regular intervals along 120 min to determine changes in TPH, COD and pH. The performance of biosurfactant BS and C in reducing the thickness of crude oil layer was influenced by different parameters including temperature, and S:O ratio. The increase in temper

关键词： Groundwater

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Evolution and customisation of the RegCM model for urban climate studies:Addressing multifaceted challenges and advancing climate science

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第4期5卷 607-624页

作者： Naushin Yasmin Safi Ullah Sami G.Al-Ghamdi Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering(BESE)Division Environmental Science and Engineering ProgramKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)23955-6900ThuwalSaudi Arabia KAUST Climate and Livability Initiative King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)23955-6900ThuwalSaudi Arabia

The Regional Climate Model(RegCM)proves valuable for climate analysis and has been applied to a wide range of climate change aspects and other environmental issues at a regional *** model also demonstrated success in diverse areas of urban research,including urban heat island studies,extreme climate events analysis,assessing urban resilience,and evaluating urbanization impacts on climate and air ***,more studies have been conducted in utilizing RegCM to address climate change in cities,due to its enhanced ability over the years to capture meteorological phenomena at city ***,there are many challenges associated with its implementation in meso-scale research,which are attributed to various shortcomings and thus create room for further improvement in the *** paper presents a comprehensive overview of the evolution of the RegCM over the years and its customisation across various parameters,demonstrating its versatility in urban climate studies and underscoring the model’s pivotal role in addressing multifaceted challenges in urban *** addressing these aspects,the paper offers valuable insights and recommendations for researchers seeking to enhance the accuracy and efficacy of urban climate simulations using the RegCM system,thereby contributing to the advancement of urban climate science and sustainability.

关键词： RegCM Urban climate Air quality Urban heat island effect Urban design Climate extremes

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A Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain Method to Simulate Metasurfaces using Generalized Sheet Transition Conditions

A Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain Method to Simulate Meta...

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2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, AP-S/URSI 2022

作者： Chen, Liang Ozakin, Mehmet Burak Zhao, Ran Bagci, Hakan Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9781665496582

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496582

The generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) are incorporated into a discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method to efficiently simulate metasurfaces. The numerical flux for GSTCs is derived for the first time using the Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions. This numerical flux includes time derivatives of fields and therefore explicit time integration schemes that are traditionally used with DGTD do not yield a stable time marching method. To alleviate this bottleneck, a new time marching scheme, which solves a local matrix system for the unknowns of the elements touching the same GSTC face, is developed. Numerical results, which validate the accuracy of the proposed method against analytical solutions and demonstrate its applicability to the simulation of curved and space/time-varying metasurfaces, are presented. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Numerical methods

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Multiphysics Analysis of Screening Effects on Terahertz Photoconductive Devices

Multiphysics Analysis of Screening Effects on Terahertz Phot...

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2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, AP-S/URSI 2022

作者： Chen, Liang Dong, Ming Bagci, Hakan Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9781665496582

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496582

Output saturation observed for high power levels of input optical pump is a well-known bottleneck in the operation of terahertz photoconductive devices (PCDs). This saturation is a result of various screening effects that stem from the interactions between electromagnetic fields and semiconductor charge carriers. To simulate these effects, this work uses a time-domain multiphysics approach that solves a coupled system of the Maxwell and the drift-diffusion equations to rigorously take into account the two-way nonlinear coupling between fields and carriers. Furthermore, an optical absorption-based model is used to correctly compute the carrier generation rate. The resulting multiphysics solver is used to simulate realistic PCDs, and excellent agreement is observed between the simulation and experimental results. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Multiphysics

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A Discontinuous Galerkin Scheme for Transient Multiphysics Simulation of Organic Electrochemical Transistors

A Discontinuous Galerkin Scheme for Transient Multiphysics S...

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2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, AP-S/URSI 2022

作者： Dong, Ming Chen, Liang Bagci, Hakan Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9781665496582

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496582

A time domain discontinuous Galerkin (DGTD)-based framework is developed to analyze three-dimensional organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The proposed framework uses a local DG scheme to discretize the (non-linearly) coupled system of the Poisson equation (in electric potential) and the drift-diffusion (DD) equations (in charge densities) in space. To reduce the computational requirements, a dual-mesh scheme, which uses a dense mesh for the DD equations and a much coarser mesh for the Poisson equation, is used. Furthermore, an implicit-explicit time integration scheme, which allows for a significantly larger time-step size, is utilized to efficiently account for the extremely long response time of OECTs. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of the proposed solver. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Poisson equation

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Sulfur-doped hard carbon hybrid anodes with dual lithium-ion/metal storage bifunctionality for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries

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Carbon Energy 2023年第1期5卷 71-81页

作者： Sungmin Cho Jong Chan Hyun Son Ha Yeonhua Choi Honggyu Seong Jaewon Choi Hyoung-Joon Jin Young Soo Yun Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha UniversityIncheonSouth Korea KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea Departmant of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science Gyeongsang National UniversityJinjuSouth Korea Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha UniversityIncheonSouth Korea Division of Energy Engineering Kangwon National UniversityGangwon-doSouth Korea

Bifunctional hybrid anodes(BHAs),which are both a high-performance active host material for lithium-ion storage as well as a guiding agent for homogeneous lithium metal nucleation and growth,exhibit significant potential as anodes for next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this study,sulfur-doped hard carbon nanosphere assemblies(S-HCNAs)were prepared through a hydrothermal treatment of a liquid organic precursor,followed by high-temperature thermal annealing with elemental sulfur for application as BHAs for *** a carbonate-based electrolyte containing fluoroethylene carbonate additive,the S-HCNAs showed high lithium-ion storage capacities in sloping as well as plateau voltage sections,good rate capabilities,and stable *** addition,high average Coulombic efficiencies(CEs)of~96.9%were achieved for dual lithium-ion and lithium metal storage *** the LIB full-cell tests with typical NCM811 cathodes,the S-HCNA-based BHAs containing~400 mA h g^(−1) of excess lithium led to high energy and power densities of~500Wh kg^(−1) and~1695Wkg^(−1),respectively,and a stable cycling performance with~100%CEs was achieved.

关键词： hard carbon hybrid anode lithium-ion batteries lithium metal anode lithium metal batteries sulfur-doped carbon

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A genetically engineered neuronal membrane-based nanotoxoid elicits protective immunity against neurotoxins

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Bioactive Materials 2024年第8期38卷 321-330页

作者： Zhongyuan Guo Audrey T.Zhu Xiaoli Wei Yao Jiang Yiyan Yu Ilkoo Noh Weiwei Gao Ronnie H.Fang Liangfang Zhang Department of NanoEngineering Chemical Engineering ProgramShu and K.C.Chien and Peter Farrell CollaboratoryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA

Given their dangerous effects on the nervous system,neurotoxins represent a significant threat to public *** therapeutic approaches,including chelating agents,receptor decoys,and toxin-neutralizing antibodies,have been *** prophylactic vaccines are desirable,it is oftentimes difficult to effectively balance their safety and efficacy given the highly dangerous nature of *** address this,we report here on a nanovaccine against neurotoxins that leverages the detoxifying properties of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles.A genetically modified cell line with constitutive overexpression of theα7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is developed as a membrane source to generate biomimetic nanoparticles that can effectively and irreversibly bind toα-bungarotoxin,a model *** abrogates the biological activity of the toxin,enabling the resulting nanotoxoid to be safely delivered into the body and processed by the immune *** co-administered with an immunological adjuvant,a strong humoral response againstα-bungarotoxin is generated that protects vaccinated mice against a lethal dose of the ***,this work highlights the potential of using genetic modification strategies to develop nanotoxoid formulations against various biological threats.

关键词： Antivirulence vaccine Cell membrane-coated nanoparticle Genetic engineering α-bungarotoxin Nanotoxoid

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NONMETALIC COMPOSITES AGING IN OIL AND GAS APPLICATION 20

NONMETALIC COMPOSITES AGING IN OIL AND GAS APPLICATION

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20th European Conference on Composite Materials: Composites Meet Sustainability, ECCM 2022

作者： Badeghaish, Wael Wagih, Ahmed Seraj, Muhamed Lubineau, Gilles Physical Science and Engineering Division Mechanical Engineering Program Laboratory of Mechanics of Composites for Energy and Mobility Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9782970161400

Polymeric composites have been used to replace metals in many onshore and offshore applications due to their corrosion resistance. Transporting petrochemical gases and acids via composite materials at high pressure and temperature represents a challenge because the lack of confidence in such aggressive environments. Therefore, understanding the change in the physical and mechanical properties in polymeric composites under aggressive oil conditions is essential for providing novel designs and materials for these applications. This work presents a short literature review on the challenges facing application of polymeric composites in the oil and gas downhole aggressive corrosion environment. Moreover, it presents preliminary inspection on the integrity of a thermoplastic polymer (PEEK) subjected to HCl (0.8 Ph) at high temperatures (50 and 100 °C) for 14 days. The preliminary results demonstrated the good chemical resistance of PEEK at high temperature. Moreover, there was no effect on the mechanical properties of the PEEK at these conditions. ©2022 Wael et al.

关键词： Corrosion resistance

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A motion-level-aware denoising framework for x-ray fluoroscopic images

A motion-level-aware denoising framework for x-ray fluorosco...

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Medical Imaging 2023: Physics of Medical Imaging

作者： Jo, Geonhui Jang, Minhee Jeon, Sun-Young Kim, Wonjin Choi, Jang-Hwan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781510660311

Fluoroscopy in a low-dose tube output is used to reduce the damage associated with radiation exposure. However, lowering the radiation dose inevitably increases random noise in x-ray images, resulting in poor diagnostic image quality, which requires noise reduction for accurate diagnosis. Also, in the case of non-static objects, the image is blurred due to motion. The most-used denoiser with a recursive filter (RF) preserves details well when applied to temporal data, but it is vulnerable to motion blur. Existing convolutional neural network (CNN)-based algorithms with single-frame input cannot use the temporary context, and others with multi-frame input are good for motion detection but poor for detail preservation. Therefore, we propose a motion-level-aware denoising framework to combine the results of RF- and CNN-based algorithms depending on the pixel-wise magnitude of motion to complement each other. The data we use are fluoroscopy images taken in continuous time, and we aim at many-to-one so that one frame is denoised by considering sequential frames. Also, since both RF- and CNN-based algorithms used in our architecture are many-to-one methods, they can consider spatiotemporal information. In the multi-frame input, the difference in intensity of each pixel between frames is calculated to obtain a moving map. Depending on the factor value from the moving map, the final image is obtained by reflecting the outputs of the RF- and CNN-based algorithms. If the factor value is high, the pixel intensity of the final image is like the CNN-based output, which is good for motion detection, and vice versa, it more reflects the intensity of RF output, which is excellent in perceptual quality. Therefore, it prevents motion blur and does not over-smooth microdetails, such as bones and muscles. The results show that combining the two outputs together records higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and has better perceptual quality for diagnosis than using only one method. F

关键词： Deep learning

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