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arXiv 2025年

作者： Kriuk, Boris Yordanov, Matey Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Division of Integrative Systems and Design Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

This paper introduces GeloVec, a new CNN-based attention smoothing framework for semantic segmentation that addresses critical limitations in conventional approaches. While existing attention-backed segmentation methods suffer from boundary instability and contextual discontinuities during feature mapping, our framework implements a higher-dimensional geometric smoothing method to establish a robust manifold relationships between visually coherent regions. GeloVec combines modified Chebyshev distance metrics with multispatial transformations to enhance segmentation accuracy through stabilized feature extraction. The core innovation lies in the adaptive sampling weights system that calculates geometric distances in n-dimensional feature space, achieving superior edge preservation while maintaining intra-class homogeneity. The multispatial transformation matrix incorporates tensorial projections with orthogonal basis vectors, creating more discriminative feature representations without sacrificing computational efficiency. Experimental validation across multiple benchmark datasets demonstrates significant improvements in segmentation performance, with mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) gains of 2.1%, 2.7%, and 2.4% on Caltech Birds-200, LSDSC, and FSSD datasets respectively compared to state-of-the-art methods. GeloVec’s mathematical foundation in Riemannian geometry provides theoretical guarantees on segmentation stability. Importantly, our framework maintains computational efficiency through parallelized implementation of geodesic transformations and exhibits strong generalization capabilities across disciplines due to the absence of information loss during transformations. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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"I Don't Want People to Look At Me Differently": designing User-Defined Above-the-Neck Gestures for People with Upper Body Motor Impairments

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhao, Xuan Fan, Mingming Han, Teng School of Information Rochester Institute of Technology United States The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Guangzhou China Division of Integrative Systems and Design Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences China

Recent research proposed eyelid gestures for people with upper-body motor impairments (UMI) to interact with smartphones without finger touch. However, such eyelid gestures were designed by researchers. It remains unknown what eyelid gestures people with UMI would want and be able to perform. Moreover, other above-the-neck body parts (e.g., mouth, head) could be used to form more gestures. We conducted a user study in which 17 people with UMI designed above-the-neck gestures for 26 common commands on smartphones. We collected a total of 442 user-defined gestures involving the eyes, the mouth, and the head. Participants were more likely to make gestures with their eyes and preferred gestures that were simple, easy-to-remember, and less likely to draw attention from others. We further conducted a survey (N=24) to validate the usability and acceptance of these user-defined gestures. Results show that user-defined gestures were acceptable to both people with and without motor impairments. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Smartphones

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HC3L-Diff: Hybrid conditional latent diffusion with high frequency enhancement for CBCT-to-CT synthesis

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yin, Shi Tan, Hongqi Chong, Li Ming Liu, Haofeng Liu, Hui Lee, Kang Hao Tuan, Jeffrey Kit Loong Ho, Dean Jin, Yueming Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Central South University Hunan China Division of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore School of Physical and Mathematical Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium Department of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

Background: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) plays a crucial role in image-guided radiotherapy, but artifacts and noise make them unsuitable for accurate dose calculation. Artificial intelligence methods have shown promise in enhancing CBCT quality to produce synthetic CT (sCT) images. However, existing methods either produce images of suboptimal quality or incur excessive time costs, failing to satisfy clinical practice standards. Methods and materials:We propose a novel hybrid conditional latent diffusion model for efficient and accurate CBCT-to-CT synthesis, named HC3L-Diff. We employ the Unified Feature Encoder (UFE) to compress images into a low-dimensional latent space, thereby optimizing computational efficiency. Beyond the use of CBCT images, we propose integrating its high-frequency knowledge as a hybrid condition to guide the diffusion model in generating sCT images with preserved structural details. This high-frequency information is captured using our designed High-Frequency Extractor (HFE). During inference, we utilize denoising diffusion implicit model to facilitate rapid sampling. We construct a new in-house prostate dataset with paired CBCT and CT to validate the effectiveness of our method. Result: Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of sCT quality and generation efficiency. Moreover, our medical physicist conducts the dosimetric evaluations to validate the benefit of our method in practical dose calculation, achieving a remarkable 93.8% gamma passing rate with a 2%/2mm criterion, superior to other methods. Conclusion: The proposed HC3L-Diff can efficiently achieve high-quality CBCT-to-CT synthesis in only over 2 mins per patient. Its promising performance in dose calculation shows great potential for enhancing real-world adaptive radiotherapy. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： computerized tomography

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Providing Security Assurance & Hardening for Open Source Software/Hardware: The SecOPERA approach

Providing Security Assurance & Hardening for Open Source Sof...

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IEEE International Workshop on computer-Aided Modeling, Analysis, and design of Communication Links and Networks, CAMAD

作者： Apostolos P. Fournaris Christos Tselios Evangelos Haleplidis Elias Athanasopoulos Antreas Dionysiou Dimitrios Mitropoulos Panos Louridas Georgios Christou Manos Athanatos George Hatzivasilis Konstantinos Georgopoulos Costas Kalogeros Christos Kotselidis Simon Vogl Francois Hamon Sotiris Ioannidis Research Center ATHENA Industrial Systems Institute Patras Greece University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Department of Management Science and Technology Athens University of Economics and Business Athens Greece Department of Business Administration University of Athens Greece School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technical University of Crete Greece AEGIS IT RESEARCH LTD Germany Pierer Innovation Austria University of Manchester UK VoXel Interaction Design Linz Austria GreenCitizen Marseille France

Rapid open-source software and hardware prototyping fueled by the significant expansion of the development community, led to the deployment of highly sophisticated frameworks, solutions and products. However, as the provided open-source solutions are managed in all aspects by their designers/engineers, they lack professional evaluation of their security level. The absence of comprehensive security assessment as well as a consolidated and ubiquitous roadmap for vulnerability patching and security hardening, makes open-source solution a risk for widespread enterprise use. This paper introduces a security assurance approach which addresses open-source hardware and software shortcoming in an end-to-end manner, by providing a logical decomposition of any such module into four distinct component layers: device, network, application and cognitive. This allows highly focused security assessment, taking into consideration the specific characteristics of each layer. In addition, the paper provides an approach on how open-source solution security can be improved, through decomposition, layered vulnerability mitigation and specialized security hardening techniques. The proposed framework which is the main research and innovation focus of the SecOPERA Project intends to transform an open source solution to a protected one, as well as provide security guarantees of its overall security status.

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Metal–organic frameworks modified electrode for H₂S detections in biological and pharmaceutical agents

MedComm - Biomaterials and Applications

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MedComm - Biomaterials and Applications 2023年第3期2卷

作者： Durmus, Ceren Arul, Ponnusamy Alhaji, A. Shekhah, Osama Mani, Veerappan Eddaoudi, Mohamed Salama, Khaled Nabil Sensors Lab Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan Physical Sciences and Engineering Division Functional Materials Design Discovery and Development Research Group (FMD3) Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Jeddah Saudi Arabia

The development of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sensors is essential to address H2S-related pharmacology since slow-releasing H2S medications have been identified to be prospective options for cancer treatments. Here, we de... 详细信息

The development of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) sensors is essential to address H₂S-related pharmacology since slow-releasing H₂S medications have been identified to be prospective options for cancer treatments. Here, we described an electrochemical sensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of aqueous H₂S, using a thin film of fumarate-based face-centered cubic (fcu)-based metal–organic frameworks (fum-fcu-MOF) modified on laser-scribed graphene (LSGE). The fum-fcu-MOF has shown a strong affinity and chemical stability to H₂S analysis. The electrochemical and H₂S catalytic properties were studied for fum-fcu-MOF/LSGE. An amperometry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques were demonstrated to validate the sensor. The resulting sensor delivered acceptable analytical parameters in terms of;detection limit (3.0 µM), dynamic range (10–500 µM), reproducibility, and stability (94.7%). The sensor's practical validity was demonstrated in bacterial cells and H₂S-releasing drug, where the sensor was able to monitor the continuous release of in-situ H₂S. The pharmacokinetics of a slow releasing H₂S donor is accessed at different time intervals and different concentration levels. Our research indicate that this fum-fcu-MOF based H₂S sensor holds potential in understanding pharmacokinetics of H₂S releasing drugs. © 2023 The Authors. MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Sichuan International Medical Exchange & Promotion Association (SCIMEA).

关键词： H2S pharmacology hydrogen sulfide metal organic frameworks

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A Fine-Grained Page Management Scheme For Hpc Manycore I/O Systems

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Bang, Jiwoo Kim, Chungyong Chen, Qichen Lee, Cheongjun Byun, Eun-Kyu Sung, Hanul Eom, Hyeonsang Lee, Jaehwan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of School of Electronics and Information Engineering Korea Aerospace University Goyang10540 Korea Republic of Division of National Supercomputing Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon02456 Korea Republic of Department of Game Design and Development Sangmyung University Seoul03016 Korea Republic of

In HPC systems, the increasing need for a higher level of concurrency has led to packing more cores within a single chip. However, since multiple processes share memory space, the frequent access to resources in critical sections where only atomic operations are being executed can result in poor performance. In this paper, we focus on reducing lock contention on the memory management system of an HPC manycore architecture. One of the critical sections causing severe lock contention in the I/O path is in the page management system, which uses multiple Least Recently Used (LRU) lists with a single lock instance. To solve this problem, we propose a Finer-LRU scheme, which optimizes the page reclamation process by splitting LRU lists into multiple sub-lists, each having its own lock instance. Our evaluation result shows that the Finer-LRU scheme can improve sequential write throughput by 57.03% and reduce latency by 98.94% compared to the baseline Linux kernel version 5.2.8 in the Intel Knights Landing (KNL) architecture. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Locks (fasteners)

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Physicochemical and toxicological studies of some commonly used triazine-based herbicides;In-silico approach

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Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 2023年 42卷

作者： Sultana, Tamanna Tasnim, Jarin Talukder, Md Walid Hossain Mia, Mohammad Liton Suchana, Shamsun Nahar Akter, Fatema Saleh, Md Abu Afrin, Mst Farhana Uzzaman, Monir Department of Pharmacy Comilla University Comilla 3506 Bangladesh Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Chittagong Chittagong 4331 Bangladesh Department of Theoretical & Computational Chemistry University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Faculty of Science Ghoraghat Government College Ghoraghat Dinajpur 5290 Bangladesh Drug Design Division Computer in Chemistry and Medicine Laboratory Dhaka Bangladesh Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry Uniaersity of Chittagong Chittagong 4331 Bangladesh

Pesticides play a significant role in modern agriculture and public health by protecting crops, preventing the spread of diseases, and ensuring food safety. However, the use of pesticides also raises concerns due to their potential negative consequences on human health and the ecosystem. This study has concentrated on commonly used triazine-based herbicides (atraton, atrazine, prometon, secbumeton, terbuthylazine, and trietazine) due to their unfavorable side effects, which include endocrine disruption, teratogenicity, embryogenicity, carcinogenicity, and hypoplasia of the adrenal cortex. Our investigation encompasses a thorough examination of the physicochemical, spectral, biological, and toxicological properties of these triazine-based herbicides. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT along with the B3LYP/6-311+G (d, p) basis set were used to enumerate the geometry, chemical, and spectral properties. To evaluate the chemical reactivity of triazine compounds, the HOMO-LUMO gap is calculated. FT-IR and UV spectroscopy have been performed to identify functional groups, determine bond lengths, and investigate molecular conformations of triazine derivatives. In addition, binding affinities and modes against human estrogen-related and cancer-causing receptor proteins (PDB IDs: 4MNF and 2E2R, respectively) have been observed utilizing molecular docking and non-bonding interactions. We selected both proteins that are associated with abnormal cell growth and malignancy, particularly breast cancer and melanoma. Normal mode analysis (NMA) was performed to get the deformability and interactions of protein and amino acid residues, respectively. Pharmacokinetics and biological parameters were accomplished to anticipate their toxicological properties. Terbuthylazine and trietazine have the highest Gibbs free energies, and atrazine has the highest binding affinity for both receptor proteins. All triazine derivatives exhibit nephrotoxicity, carcinogenicity, hemato

关键词： ADMET and PASS prediction Cancer and endocrine effect Molecular docking and dynamics simulation Triazine-based herbicides

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AI-LCE: Adaptive and Intelligent Life Cycle engineering by applying digitalization and AI methods – An emerging paradigm shift in Life Cycle engineering

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 98卷 571-576页

作者： Tomohiko Sakao Peter Funk Johannes Matschewsky Marcus Bengtsson Mobyen Uddin Ahmed Division of Environmental Technology and Management Department of Management and Engineering Linköping University SE-581 83 Linköping Sweden Division of Intelligent Future Technologies School of innovation design and engineering Mälardalen University SE-122 20 Västerås Sweden Operations Volvo Construction Equipment Eskilstuna Sweden Division of Computer Science and Software Engineering School of innovation design and engineering Mälardalen University SE-122 20 Västerås Sweden

This paper presents a vision for a much-needed paradigm shift in Life Cycle engineering (LCE), which is termed Adaptive and Intelligent Life Cycle engineering (AI-LCE). To do so, interdisciplinary analysis of literature in domains of AI and LCE is performed. Needed concepts and methods are described: key enabling technologies are Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things, and data lakes, which are becoming cost-effective and increasingly implemented in industry. Both artificial and human intelligence are used in combination. Its advantages compared with the conventional LCE include shorter time for changing activities in the lifecycle and the accuracy of changes made.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Internet of Things vision time accuracy

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Achieving High-Yield Conversion of Janus Transition Metal Dichalcogenides on Diverse Substrates

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ACS nano 2025年第22期19卷 2025 Jun 2页

作者： Xueqiu Zheng Kunyan Zhang Xiantuo Zhao Jian Zhou Hongzhi Shen Jing Kong Yunfan Guo Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China. Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 United States. Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley California 94720 United States. Center for Alloy Innovation and Design State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China. Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou 310030 China. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 United States.

Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with intrinsic broken mirror symmetry and vertical dipole moment provide an additional degree of freedom to manipulate material symmetry down to atomic-layer thickness. However, despite advances in synthesis strategies, fundamental understanding of this atomic substitution process remains limited, which has impeded their implementation in advanced devices. Here, by using a room-temperature atomic-layer substitution (RT-ALS) strategy, we systematically investigate the critical factors facilitating the high-yield conversion of Janus TMDCs on diverse substrates. Combining Raman spectroscopy probes, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate that substrates with enhanced electron doping or larger surface polarity substantially benefit the conversion of Janus TMDCs reaching a near-unity yield. Intriguingly, the strong affinity between Janus TMDCs and substrates (e.g., Au) brings about abnormal Raman spectroscopic phenomena. These findings highlight the significance of substrates in achieving the reliable synthesis of Janus two-dimensional materials with improved homogeneity on various substrates. In addition, this takes us one step closer to utilizing Janus TMDCs as a versatile platform in next-generation optoelectronic devices, sensors, and quantum technologies.

关键词： Janus transition metal dichalcogenide controlled synthesis diverse substrates doping polarity strain

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The Important Role of Diatomite on Multifunctional Modified Separator of Li-S Battery

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yan, Chenyu Jiang, Zhiyi Yang, Caihong Dong, Xiongbo Zhang, Shilin Tu, Feiyue Li, Tianbao Li, Mitch Guijun Tang, Aidong Yang, Huaming Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education Laboratory of Advanced Mineral Materials Key Laboratory of Functional Geomaterials in China Nonmetallic Minerals Industry Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha410083 China Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co. LTD Changsha410012 China Division of Integrative Systems and Design Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University Changsha410083 China

The commercial applications of Li-S batteries are limited by decreased cycling performance caused by the shuttle effect of polysulfides, slower kinetic reaction rates, and lithium anode dendrites. This study demonstrates the important role of diatomite (DT) in regulating cycle performance of modified separator for Li-S batteries. A multifunctional separator (Co/NC/DT) with DT as a carrier assembled high loading Co nanocluster (size 2-4 nm) is prepared. The N-doped carbon is immobilized via Si-N bond between DT and N-doped carbon. The depth profiles of XPS indicates that the ratio of pyrrolic N to pyridinic N of Co/NC/DT reaches 5.31 at the etching of 100 nm vs 0.83 for Co/NC at surface, which suggesting that mainly N species is pyrrolic N after the addition of DT. Theoretical calculations confirm that cobalt nanoclusters grown on pyrrolic N-doped carbon have a lower adsorption energy for a series of polysulfides species compared to that on pyridinic N-doped carbon and can reduce the energy barrier, especially only 0.09 eV for reduction from Li2S6 to Li2S4. In-situ X-ray diffraction analysis confirms Co/NC/DT can effectively promote formation of Li2S. Lithium anode in-situ optical microscopy observation shows the modified separator could reduce lithium dendrites effectively. Li-S battery assembled with the modified separator can reach an initial capacity of 1331.3 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C and cycle 1500 cycles at 1.0 C with a decay of only 0.039% per cycle. Through regulation of DT, Co/NC/DT accelerates the conversion from long-chain sulfur to short-chain sulfur and Li+ transfer rate, resulting in improving cycling performance. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Separators

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