In this paper there is presented the structure and proprieties of the modeling cast magnesium alloys as cast state and after heat treatment. The presented results concern X-ray qualitative and quantitative microanalys...
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In this paper there is presented the structure and proprieties of the modeling cast magnesium alloys as cast state and after heat treatment. The presented results concern X-ray qualitative and quantitative microanalysis, tensile tests and hardness measurements and transmission electron microscopy. A casting cycle of alloys has been carried out in an induction crucible furnace using a protective salt bath Flux 12 equipped with two ceramic filters at the melting temperature of 750±10°C, suitable for the manufactured material. The heat treatment involve the solution heat treatment (warming material in temperature 375 ° C by 3 hour, it elevation temperature to 430° C, warming by 10 hours) and cooling in different cooling mediums as well water, air and furnace. The improvement of the manufacturing technique and chemical composition as well as of heat treatment and cooling methods leads to the development of a material designing process for the optimal physical and mechanical properties of a new developed alloy.
The aim of the paper is to elaborate a method of texturisation multicrystalline silicon. The main reason for taking up the research is that most conventional methods used for texturisation of monocrystalline silicon a...
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The aim of the paper is to elaborate a method of texturisation multicrystalline silicon. The main reason for taking up the research is that most conventional methods used for texturisation of monocrystalline silicon are ineffective when applied for texturing multicrystalline silicon. This is related to random distribution of grains of different crystalographic orientations on the surface of multicrystalline silicon. As a result, the texture of different shapes is produced on grains of different orientation. The paper develops laser texturing method which seems to be able to isotropically shape the surface of multicrystalline silicon regardless of crystallographic orientation. When combined with alkaline etching proposed method makes it possible to effectively texture the surface of multicrystalline silicon. Evaluation of results was performed by confocal laser scanning microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Laser surface processing was found to be very promising method in texturing multicrystalline silicon.
The goal of this work is to obtain gradient materials based on a high-speed steel HS6-5-2 reinforced with tungsten carbide (WC). The material presented in this paper has layers at one side consisting of the high-speed...
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The goal of this work is to obtain gradient materials based on a high-speed steel HS6-5-2 reinforced with tungsten carbide (WC). The material presented in this paper has layers at one side consisting of the high-speed steel, characterized by a high ductility and at the other side the carbide-steel characterized by a higher hardness. The materials were fabricated using the conventional powder metallurgy method. The layers inside the material are mixes of the high-speed steel powders with the WC ones in various proportions. The uniaxial pressing consisting in compacting the powder in a closed die, and subsequent sintering. Density and hardness of the obtained materials were measured. The sintered test pieces were also examined using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with the back-scatter electrons detector (BSE) and the dispersive energy analyser (EDAX D4). It was observed that the properties of as-sintered gradient materials are strongly affected by the tungsten carbide content and sintering parameters. The density of the test pieces grows along with the sintering temperature increase. The porosity grows along with the WC content growth in the particular layers. It was observed that also the sintering time has an effect on the porosity growth. The longer the sintering time is, the higher the porosity is. The hardness of the compacted and sintered test pieces, measured using the Rockwell method, grows along with the sintering temperature increase. It was noted that application of a longer sintering time results in slight HRA hardness lowering. It was found out, basing on the comparison of tructures and properties of the compacted and sintered test pieces, that in structures of all examined test pieces in the sintered state fine carbides occurred, distributed homogeneously in the high-speed steel layer. Developed material can be applied to manufacturing cutting tools. Forming methods were developed for high-speed steel and WC powders, making it possible t
The paper presents the possibility to apply the Finite Element Method for evaluation of stresses in the Ti+TiN, Ti+Ti(CxN1-x), Ti+TiC coatings obtained in the magnetron PVD process on the sintered high-speed steel of ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0871708434
The paper presents the possibility to apply the Finite Element Method for evaluation of stresses in the Ti+TiN, Ti+Ti(CxN1-x), Ti+TiC coatings obtained in the magnetron PVD process on the sintered high-speed steel of the ASP 30 type, taking into account their deposition conditions. Defined model of the tool coated with the coatings in the PVD process was verified by comparison with the results of computer simulation of stresses with the experimental results. computer simulation of stresses was carried out in ANSYS environment, using the FEM method and the experimental values of stresses were determined basing on the X-ray diffraction patterns.
The following review paper is a synopsis of the fundamentals of laser remelting and alloying, outlining some of its benefits compared with conventional heat treatment techniques of hot-work tool steel X40CrMoV5-1. A s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0912035846
The following review paper is a synopsis of the fundamentals of laser remelting and alloying, outlining some of its benefits compared with conventional heat treatment techniques of hot-work tool steel X40CrMoV5-1. A selective review of the experimental research carried out in this area is presented. The aim of such treatment was to harden and alloy the steel surface which had been previously coated with the paste consisting of the tungsten carbide and the inorganic binder. Development of the surface layer was observed in which one can distinguish the remelted zone, heat-affected zone and the transient zone. Occurrences of the un-melted tungsten carbide grains were observed in the structure and the increased tungsten content compared to the native material, whose variable concentration is connected with the molten metal fluctuation in the pool during alloying. The fine grained, dendritic structure occurs in the remelted and alloyed zone with the crystallization direction connected with the dynamical heat abstraction from the laser beam influence zone. It has the important cognitive significance and gives grounds to the practical employment of these technologies for forming the surfaces of new tools and regeneration of the used ones.
This study presents the results of microstructural examinations, mechanical tests and service performance tests carried out on thin TiN/(Ti,Al,Si)N/TiN wear resistance coatings obtained by the CAE process on cermet an...
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This study presents the results of microstructural examinations, mechanical tests and service performance tests carried out on thin TiN/(Ti,Al,Si)N/TiN wear resistance coatings obtained by the CAE process on cermet and cemented carbide substrates. Microstructural examinations of the applied coatings and the substrate were made with an OPTON DSM 940 SEM and a LEICA MEF4A light microscope. Adhesion of the coatings on cemented carbides and cermets was measured using the scratch test. The cutting properties of the materials were determined from service tests in which continuous machining of C45E steel was carried out. The hardness of the substrate and the microhardness of the coatings were determined with a DUH 202 SHIMADZU ultra microhardness tester with a load of 70 mN. Roughness tests were also carried out before applying the coatings and after the PVD process. Cutting tests confirmed the advantages of the TiN/(Ti,Al,Si)N/TiN type coatings obtained using the PVD method in the CAE mode on cemented carbides and cermets, as a material that undergoes very low abrasive, thermal and adhesion wear. These coatings extend tool life compared to commercially available uncoated tools with single and multi-layer coatings deposited using PVD/CVD methods.
The paper deals with mechanical and microstructural characteristics of Ni-Mo and Ni-Mo-W (with increasing quantities of tungsten, from 0 to 0,3% wt.) sintered steel. The effect of chemical composition and of the appli...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781899072187
The paper deals with mechanical and microstructural characteristics of Ni-Mo and Ni-Mo-W (with increasing quantities of tungsten, from 0 to 0,3% wt.) sintered steel. The effect of chemical composition and of the applied vacuum sintering (plus rapid cooling) are investigated in terms of mechanical properties, focusing, in particular, on the wear properties. Microstructure observations are performed using LOM and SEM, the latter being used, together with EDS, for phase distribution and mapping.
A new multisensory image segmentation algorithm is presented. In this algorithm, the images from different sensors are segmented in a sequential manner using curve evolution methods. There are no fusion rules involved...
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