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General expert consensus on the application of network pharmacology in the research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2025年第2期23卷 129-142页

作者： Shao Li Wei Xiao Institute of TCM-X/MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics Bioinformatics DivisionBNRist/Department of AutomationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.Lianyungang 222047China

The research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)drugs have progressively established a novel system founded on the integration of TCM theory,human experience,and clinical trials(termed the“Three Combinations”).However,considering TCM's distinctive features of“syndrome differentiation and treatment”and“multicomponent formulations and complex mechanisms”,current TCM drug development faces challenges such as insufficient understanding of the material basis and the overall mechanism of action and an incomplete evidence chain ***,significant obstacles persist in gathering human experience data,evaluating clinical efficacy,and controlling the quality of active ingredients,which impede the innovation process in TCM drug *** pharmacology,centered on the“network targets”theory,transcends the limitations of the conventional“single target”reductionist research *** emphasizes the comprehensive effects of disease or syndrome biological networks as targets to elucidate the overall regulatory mechanism of TCM *** approach aligns with the holistic perspective of TCM,offering a novel method consistent with TCM's holistic view for investigating the complex mechanisms of TCM and developing new TCM *** is internationally recognized as a“next-generation drug research model”.To advance the research of new tools,methods,and standards for TCM evaluation and to overcome fundamental,critical,and cutting-edge technical challenges in TCM regulation,this consensus aims to explore the characteristics,progress,challenges,applicable pathways,and specific applications of network pharmacology as a new theory,method,and tool in TCM drug *** goal is to enhance the quality of TCM drug research and development and accelerate the efficiency of developing new TCM products.

关键词： Network pharmacology Research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs Expert consensus

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Predictive Battery Cooling in Heavy-Duty Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles 10th

Predictive Battery Cooling in Heavy-Duty Fuel Cell Electric ...

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10th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive control, AAC 2022

作者： Büyüker, Banu Ç. Ferrara, Alessandro Hametner, Christoph Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Division of Process Control and Automation TU Wien Vienna Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Control and Monitoring of Automotive Powertrain Systems TU Wien Vienna Austria

In electric vehicles, it is essential to prevent battery overheating due to excessive ohmic losses or inadequate cooling. Indeed, the temperature of battery systems significantly impacts their performance, lifetime, and safety. This paper proposes a predictive cooling optimization method for the battery thermal management system of heavy-duty fuel cell electric vehicles. The predictive cooling strategy is based on a model predictive control (MPC) formulation to maintain the battery temperature in its optimal range (to increase efficiency) and avoid high-temperature peaks (to increase lifetime and safety). The predictive thermal management relies on the ohmic losses forecast provided by a predictive energy management system. Simulations of a real-world driving cycle validate the proposed MPC and assess the impact of the predictive horizon length, which is critical for thermal management performance. The comparison against a simple hysteresis control strategy highlights the significant benefits of the proposed MPC for higher battery efficiency and lifetime. Copyright © 2022 The Authors.

关键词： Model predictive control

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Predictive Battery Cooling in Heavy-Duty Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2022年第24期55卷 304-310页

作者： Banu Ç Büyüker Alessandro Ferrara Christoph Hametner Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Division of Process Control and Automation TU Wien Vienna Austria

关键词： Battery Thermal Management System Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Model Predictive control Predictive Cooling Strategies Battery Thermal Model

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A Primal-Dual SGD Algorithm for Distributed Nonconvex Optimization

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第5期9卷 812-833页

作者： Xinlei Yi Shengjun Zhang Tao Yang Tianyou Chai Karl Henrik Johansson Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceKTH Royal Institute of Technologyand also affiliated with the Digital FuturesStockholm 10044Sweden Department of Electrical Engineering University of North TexasDentonTX 76203 USA IEEE State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

The distributed nonconvex optimization problem of minimizing a global cost function formed by a sum of n local cost functions by using local information exchange is *** problem is an important component of many machine learning techniques with data parallelism,such as deep learning and federated *** propose a distributed primal-dual stochastic gradient descent(SGD)algorithm,suitable for arbitrarily connected communication networks and any smooth(possibly nonconvex)cost *** show that the proposed algorithm achieves the linear speedup convergence rate O(1/(√nT))for general nonconvex cost functions and the linear speedup convergence rate O(1/(nT)) when the global cost function satisfies the Polyak-Lojasiewicz(P-L)condition,where T is the total number of *** also show that the output of the proposed algorithm with constant parameters linearly converges to a neighborhood of a global *** demonstrate through numerical experiments the efficiency of our algorithm in comparison with the baseline centralized SGD and recently proposed distributed SGD algorithms.

关键词： Distributed nonconvex optimization linear speedup Polyak-Lojasiewicz(P-L)condition primal-dual algorithm stochastic gradient descent

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Fault Detection and Isolation for a Secondary Loop Refrigeration System

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Poks, Agnes Fallmann, Markus Fink, Lorenz Rinnofner, Lukas Kozek, Martin Vienna University of Technology Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Division of Control and Process Automation Getreidemarkt 9 Vienna1060 Austria

Secondary loop refrigeration systems pose advantages over conventional system architectures: leakage reduction, refrigerant charge reduction, maintenance simplification, and reduced safety *** article presents a fault detection and isolation scheme for a secondary loop refrigeration system where parametric faults (dirt/ice-buildup and secondary loop pump failure) and sensor faults (four temperature sensors in the secondary loop) are detected and isolated. The Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) system is based on Unknown Input Observers (UIO)s and on Extended-Kalman-Filters (EKF)s. The models are obtained through physical relations combined with experimental parameter determination (gray-box model) and are cross-validated against measurement data. The complete FDI architecture is experimentally validated on a secondary loop refrigeration system mounted on a cooling box inside a climate chamber. Experimental results show that the important parametric faults can be reliably detected and isolated, and the FDI of sensor faults is also successful. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fault detection

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Hazard Analysis of Collaborative automation Systems: A Two-layer Approach based on Supervisory control and Simulation

Hazard Analysis of Collaborative Automation Systems: A Two-l...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and automation (ICRA)

作者： Tom P. Huck Yuvaraj Selvaraj Constantin Cronrath Christoph Ledermann Martin Fabian Bengt Lennartson Torsten Kröger Intelligent Process Automation and Robotics Lab Institute of Anthropomatics and Robotics (IAR-IPR) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology India Department of Electrical Engineering Division of Systems and Control Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

Safety critical systems are typically subjected to hazard analysis before commissioning to identify and analyse potentially hazardous system states that may arise during operation. Currently, hazard analysis is mainly based on human reasoning, past experiences, and simple tools such as checklists and spreadsheets. Increasing system complexity makes such approaches decreasingly suitable. Furthermore, testing-based hazard analysis is often not suitable due to high costs or dangers of physical faults. A remedy for this are model-based hazard analysis methods, which either rely on formal models or on simulation models, each with their own benefits and drawbacks. This paper proposes a two-layer approach that combines the benefits of exhaustive analysis using formal methods with detailed analysis using simulation. Unsafe behaviours that lead to unsafe states are first synthesised from a formal model of the system using Supervisory control Theory. The result is then input to the simulation where detailed analyses using domain-specific risk metrics are performed. Though the presented approach is generally applicable, this paper demonstrates the benefits of the approach on an industrial human-robot collaboration system.

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Adaptive Energy Management Strategy to Avoid Battery Temperature Peaks in Fuel Cell Electric Trucks

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2022年第24期55卷 311-316页

作者： Alessandro Ferrara Matthias Hütter Christoph Hametner Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Division of Process Control and Automation TU Wien Vienna Austria AVL List GmbH Graz Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Control and Monitoring of Automotive Powertrain Systems TU Wien Vienna Austria

Thermal management is essential in electric vehicles to preserve battery life. In particular, avoiding temperature peaks is critical to prevent accelerated degradation. The battery thermal management problem is crucial in fuel cell electric trucks due to the heavy vehicle weight, especially on mountain or hilly roads. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy management strategy that reduces battery degradation by limiting its usage at high temperatures to allow its cooldown and avoid peaks. The energy management strategy is adaptive because the main control parameters for the fuel cell/battery power-split are adjusted depending on the battery temperature. The comparison between adaptive and non-adaptive strategies proves the effectiveness of the proposed formulation in avoiding temperature peaks without hindering fuel consumption or fuel cell degradation. The robustness of the proposed energy management strategy is validated with simulations of several real-world driving cycles with various speed and elevation profiles.

关键词： Energy Management Heavy-Duty Fuel Cell Vehicle Adaptive control Battery Temperature Fuel Cell Degradation Battery Thermal Management

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Impeller Position in a Magnetically Levitated Rotodynamic Blood Pump and Its Impact on In-Silico Hemocompatibility

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ASAIO Journal 2025年 2025 Apr 3页

作者： Grujic, Marko Schoefbeck, Rosmarie Thamsen, Bente Aigner, Philipp Röhrich, Michael Jakubek, Stefan Zimpfer, Daniel Granegger, Marcus Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanical Circulatory Support Department of Cardiac Surgery Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Department of Anaesthesia Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Division of Control and Process Automation Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria

In magnetically levitated rotodynamic blood pumps (RPBs), the impeller position depends on a balance of electromagnetic and fluid dynamic forces. The aim of this study was to describe the impeller position of the HeartMate 3 over a wide range of operating conditions and assess its potential impact on hemocompatibility. Three-dimensional impeller positions were measured using a transparent HeartMate 3 pump casing, laser distance measurements, and a high-speed camera. Accompanying computational fluid dynamic (CFD) hemocompatibility predictions of a displaced and centered impeller at a typical operating point were compared. Impeller positions vary substantially with different operating points with a maximum axial displacement of 223 µm at 7 L/min and 7,000 rpm and a maximum radial displacement of 145 µm at 0 L/min and 7,000 rpm. In CFD, a displaced impeller had only a minor influence on global pump parameters ( © ASAIO 2025.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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Eco-driving of fuel cell electric trucks: optimal speed planning combining dynamic programming and Pontryagin’s minimum principle

Eco-driving of fuel cell electric trucks: optimal speed plan...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： Alessandro Ferrara Christoph Hametner Division of Process Control and Automation TU Wien Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Vienna Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Control and Monitoring of Automotive Powertrain Systems TU Wien Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781665454698

Eco-driving is an energy-aware driving style that improves the overall vehicle efficiency to reduce operating costs and extend the driving range. This paper focuses on the eco-driving of fuel cell electric trucks, optimizing the speed plan based on the route elevation, and studying the trade-off between driving time and range. In particular, the optimal speed plan is created by combining two methods from optimal control theory (dynamic programming and Pontryagin’s minimum principle) to include an energy management strategy for fuel consumption optimization. The speed plan created with the proposed method increases the vehicle range by 8% compared with a constant speed plan. Moreover, the study shows that the vehicle range can be extended up to 50% if the driving time is increased, which might be an essential solution to cope with the undeveloped hydrogen refueling infrastructure. The conclusion of this work indicates several directions to continue the research on the topic: for example, addressing robustness to traffic conditions and including component degradation mitigation targets in the optimization (e.g. SoC operating range and fuel cell voltage degradation).

关键词： Degradation Vehicular and wireless technologies Hydrogen Fuel cells Voltage Robustness Planning

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In-vitro Hemocompatibility Evaluation of the HeartMate 3 under Realistic Operating Conditions

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IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 2025年 PP卷 PP页

作者： He, Xiangyu Narayanaswamy, Krishnaraj Fischer, Michael B. Schmitt, Leonie Ruthmeier, Teresa Messner, Barbara Jakubek, Stefan Zimpfer, Daniel Granegger, Marcus Medical University of Vienna Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanical Circulatory Support Department of Cardiac Surgery Vienna Austria Medical University of Vienna Clinic for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy Vienna Austria Medical University of Vienna Department of Cardiac Surgery Vienna Austria Vienna University of Technology Division of Control and Process Automation Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics Vienna Austria

Objective: Operating conditions significantly influence hemolysis generation in rotodynamic blood pumps (RBPs). Previous experiments conducted under constant operating conditions have demonstrated that lower flow rates are associated with a higher normalized index of hemolysis (NIH). However, in clinical scenarios, the pump flow rate fluctuates in response to the residual cardiac function. This study aims to investigate the effects of various pulsatile operating conditions on hemolysis generation and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) degradation of RBP. Methods: To investigate these conditions, pulsatile flow experiments were conducted for 12 hours using HeartMate 3 (HM3, Abbott Inc, USA) in a hybrid mock circulatory loop with citrated human blood from hemochromatosis patients. Three operating conditions (high, low, and no residual cardiac function) were examined under two pump speed settings: normal (5400rpm, 4.3L/min) and low (4800rpm, 2.5L/min). Hemolysis was assessed by measuring delta free hemoglobin every 30 minutes (dfHb30min) and calculating NIH. High molecular weight (HMW) vWF multimer degradation was assessed using immunoblotting. Results: There was no significant difference in dfHb30min (p>0.388), NIH (p>0.382), and HMW vWF multimers degradation (p>0.364) between the three operating conditions, but differences in these parameters were observed between the normal and low speed settings. Meanwhile, a consistent trend in the hemolysis outcomes was observed with slightly elevated hemolysis in no and high pulsatility conditions of both speed settings. Conclusion: Hemocompatibility of the HM3 is not significantly affected by periodic high/low flow or backflows through the pump in in-vitro evaluation but rather by the pump operating condition: flow rate and pump speed. © 1964-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Flow rate

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