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Thermal Shock Induced Phases Transformation and Microstructural Changes in a Novel Hydrogen Transport Membrane

MRS Online Proceedings Library 2015年第1期1810卷 1-8页

作者： Zhang, Lily Yongjun Bandopadhyay, Sukumar Balachandran, U. (Balu) Nag, Nagendra College of Engineering and Mines University of Alaska Fairbanks USA Energy Systems Division Argonne National Laboratory Chicago USA Group Manager Advanced Process Development Surmet Corporation Buffalo USA

Bulk samples of a novel cermet (ceramic/metal composite) hydrogen transport membrane (HTM) were subjected to thermal cycling in the temperature range between 25-850°C to study phase transformations and microstructural changes under thermal shock. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the microstructural and chemical changes in the membrane upon thermal cycling. SEM & EPMA analyses indicated that the temperature gradient during thermal cycling produced more micro-cracks inside the HTM disc, whereas, the chemical reaction between Pd and oxygen to form PdO disturbed the continuity of the metal palladium (Pd) - Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) dual phases interconnection system from surface down. The agglomerates of un-crystallized YSZ grains found to be the inherent in the cracks of the as-received HTM. A combination of trans-granular and inter-granular crack propagation results around the YSZ grains and the new precipitates. Based on the electron fractography analyses by both SEM and EPMA, the micro voids coalescence develops ahead of the crack tips in the cross-section of the HTM after 500 thermal cycles.

关键词： ceramic phase transformation microstructure

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Towards Collaborative Plant control using a Distributed Information and Interaction Space

Towards Collaborative Plant Control using a Distributed Info...

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IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation

作者： Johannes Pfeffer Markus Graube Patrick Reipschlaeger Stephan Arndt Leon Urbas Raimund Dachselt Ralph Stelzer Chair of Process Control Systems Engineering Technische Universitat Dresden Interactive Media Lab Dresden Technische Universitat Dresden Chair of Engineering Design and CAD Technische Universitat Dresden

ISBN: (纸本)9781467379304

As Smart Manufacturing, Industrial Internet, Industrie 4.0, and Cyber-Physical Production System (CPPS) are becoming reality, the way process and manufacturing plants are operated has to change. Additionally, these developments - constituting the pervasive digitalisation of industry - have a profound effect on the way human workers and machines interact. This paper contrasts the current state of the art in plant control with a vision for the future. The scenario is illustrated by a realistic problem-solving process in a chemical plant. It describes an integrated industrial information and interaction space that leverages emerging technologies to enable plant operators to remain in control of future flexible modularised process plants. Our approach shows the advantages of an integrated information space which feeds interaction and collaboration using Virtual Reality (VR), novel display technologies and mobile devices.

关键词： Plant control interaction space information space Manufacturing plants chemical plant Leverage DISPLAYING Mobile devices state of the art current status machine Arts Sight

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An Efficient Distributed Algorithm for Multi-Stage Robust Nonlinear Predictive control

An Efficient Distributed Algorithm for Multi-Stage Robust No...

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European control Conference

作者： Ruben Marti Sergio Lucia Daniel Sarabia Radoslav Paulen Sebastian Engell Cesar de Prada Department of Systems Engineering and Automatic Control University of Valladolid Process Dynamics and Operations Group Technische Universitt Dortmund Department of Electromechanical Engineering Escuela Politecnica Superior University of Burgos

ISBN: (纸本)9781467371605

This paper presents an algorithmic development in the framework of computationally efficient robust Non-linear Model Predictive control (NMPC) which deals with a parametric plant-model mismatch, where the description of the evolution of the uncertainty is done using a scenario tree, known as multi-stage approach. In order to reduce the computational time and memory requirements of the multistage NMPC, the calculations of the optimal control inputs can be done scenario-wise in parallel. These parallelized calculations must enforce the satisfaction of the non-anticipativity constraints, which is negotiated iteratively among the scenarios using Lagrangean or price-driven decomposition. The main challenge in using such scheme is the determination of the values of the aggregate variables that are used to coordinate the scenario-wise computations for convergence to the feasibility of the non-anticipativity constraints. The proposed approach uses parametric sensitivities of the optimal model states with respect to the control inputs which are used for the iterative determination of the values of aggregated variables. The proposed method achieves good performance and faster convergence compared to traditional decomposition schemes. The potential of the approach is demonstrated in simulation example of an hydrodesulphurisation unit.

关键词： control input Nonlinear predictive control nonlinear model predictive control distributed algorithms memory requirements Converge computational time Parametric

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Mathematical Modelling and Sensitivity Analysis of Multipolar Radiofrequency Ablation in the Spine ∗

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2015年第20期48卷 243-248页

作者： Janine Matschek Andreas Himmel Friedrich von Haeseler Eric Bullinger Martin Skalej Rolf Findeisen Laboratory for Systems Theory and Automatic Control Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Forschungscampus STIMULATE Magdeburg Germany Department of Process Systems Engineering Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Institute for Neuroradiology University Hospital of Magdeburg

Mathematical models of the radiofrequency ablation enable to plan, monitor and control interventions allowing to predict and improve their outcome. A system of coupled partial differential equations suitable for planning, analysis and real time implementation is proposed to model the multipolar radiofrequency ablation under consideration of capillary blood perfusion in the spine. To address the multipolar operation, time dependent boundary conditions to the model are introduced. Accounting for the application in the spine, consisting of various tissue types, we consider spatially distributed model parameters. Since the spatially distributed parameters play a key role, analytic expressions for a sensitivity analysis are derived. Based on the model, simulations are performed underlining the quality of the approach and analysing the influence of the spatially distributed parameters.

关键词： Multipolar radiofrequency ablation sensitivity analysis spinal column mathematical modelling

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Model Predictive control in Industry: Challenges and Opportunities

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2015年第8期48卷 531-538页

作者： Michael G. Forbes Rohit S. Patwardhan Hamza Hamadah R. Bhushan Gopaluni Honeywell Process Solutions North Vancouver BC V7J 3S4 Canada Process & Control Systems Department Saudi Aramco Dhahran 31311 Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada

With decades of successful application of model predictive control (MPC) to industrial processes, practitioners are now focused on ease of commissioning, monitoring, and automation of maintenance. Many industries do not necessarily need better algorithms, but rather improved usability of existing technologies to allow a limited workforce of varying expertise to easily commission, use, and maintain these valued applications. Continuous performance monitoring, and automated model reidentification are being used as vendors work to deliver automated adaptive MPC. This paper examines industrial practice and emerging research trends towards providing sustained MPC performance.

关键词： industrial control process control model-based control predictive control adaptive control performance monitoring control applications human factors

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Analysis of software licensing mode and compatibility choice with network externality

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Xitong Gongcheng Lilun yu Shijian/System engineering Theory and Practice 2015年第12期35卷 3047-3055页

作者： Zhang, Xiao-Juan Zhang, Sheng-Hao School of Management Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Key Lab. of the Ministry of Education for Process Control & Efficiency Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

With network externality, two licensing modes-perpetual licensing mode and Softwareas-a-Service mode, and four compatibility choices-no compatibility, backward compatibility, forward compatibility and backward & forward compatibility, are considered. Consumers' purchasing decision and the vendor's pricing strategy are examined through two-stage models under each combination of licensing mode and compatibility choice. The results show that backward & forward compatibility maximizes the vendor's revenue under perpetual licensing mode, and any of no compatibility, backward compatibility and backward & forward compatibility may maximize the vendor's profit with software development costs under different compatibility choices. Under Software-as-a-Service mode, the compatibility choice has no impact on the vendor's revenue, and no compatibility maximizes the vendor's profit. When revenue maximization is the vendor's concern, perpetual licensing mode is superior to Software-as-a-Service mode;when profit maximization is the vendor's objective, Software-as-a-Service mode usually becomes better than perpetual licensing mode. © 2015, systems engineering Society of China. All right reserved.

关键词： Profitability

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Multi-source information fusion model in rule-based Gaussian-shaped fuzzy control inference system incorporating Gaussian density function

Multi-source information fusion model in rule-based Gaussian...

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作者： Li, Zairan He, Ting Cao, Luying Wu, Tunhua McCauley, Pamela Balas, Valentina E. Shi, Fuqian Tianjin Key Laboratory of Process Measurement and Control School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Tianjin University Tianjin China Wenzhou Vocational and Technical College Wenzhou China College of Information and Engineering Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou325035 China Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems University of Central Florida OrlandoFL United States Department of Automation and Applied Informatics Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad Romania

An increasing number of applications require the integration of data from various disciplines, which leads to problems with the fusion of multi-source information. In this paper, a special information structure formalized in terms of three indices (the central presentation, population or scale, and density function) is proposed. Single and mixed Gaussian models are used for single source information and their fusion results, and a parameter estimation method is also introduced. Furthermore, fuzzy similarity computing is developed for solving the fuzzy implications under a Mamdani model and a Gaussian-shaped density function. Finally, an improved rule-based Gaussian-shaped fuzzy control inference system is proposed in combination with a nonlinear conjugate gradient and a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) model, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method as compared to other fuzzy inference systems. © 2015 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fuzzy control

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Enabling the integrated use of simulation within the life cycle of a process plant: An initial roadmap: Results of an in-depth online study

Enabling the integrated use of simulation within the life cy...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： Mathias Oppelt Mike Barth Markus Graube Leon Urbas Siemens AG Karlsruhe Germany Department of Information Technologies Pforzheim University Pforzheim Germany Department of Process Control Systems Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany

Modern process plants are becoming more and more complex with high demands placed on design, engineering and operation. Throughout the life cycle of process plants, there is always the typical conflict involving costs, time and quality. One way of resolving this conflict is to employ simulation technology as it can be used to answer questions relating to engineering and operation earlier and with lower risks. To investigate the current and future role of simulation over the life cycle of a process plant, the authors conducted a global survey from July to October 2014. More than 200 persons participated in the survey. The results of the survey are described in this paper, and an initial technological roadmap derived showing a possible course for the future and creating a basis for discussion. The roadmap in this paper is based on action fields that need to be developed to enable a concurrent use of simulation over the complete life cycle of a process plant.

关键词： Training Modeling Companies Mathematical model Optimization process control Production

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Activated carbon enhanced ozonation of oxalate attributed to HO·oxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation: Effect of activated carbon dosage and pH

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第10期26卷 2095-2105页

作者： Linlin Xing Yongbing Xie Daisuke Minakata Hongbin Cao Jiadong Xiao Yi Zhang John C. Crittenden National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan Technological UniversityHoughton MI 49931 United States School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332 United States

Ozonation of oxalate in aqueous phase was performed with a commercial activated carbon（AC）in this work. The effect of AC dosage and solution pH on the contribution of hydroxyl radicals（HOU） in bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface to the removal of oxalate was studied. We found that the removal of oxalate was reduced by tert-butyl alcohol（tBA） with low dosages of AC,while it was hardly affected by tBA when the AC dosage was greater than 0.3 g/L. tBA also inhibited ozone decomposition when the AC dosage was no more than 0.05 g/L, but it did not work when the AC dosage was no less than 0.1 g/L. These observations indicate that HOUin bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface both contribute to the removal of oxalate. HOU oxidation in bulk solution is significant when the dosage of AC is low, whereas surface oxidation is dominant when the dosage of AC is high. The oxalate removal decreased with increasing pH of the solution with an AC dosage of 0.5 g/L. The degradation of oxalate occurs mainly through surface oxidation in acid and neutral solution, but through HOUoxidation in basic bulk solution. A mechanism involving both HOUoxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation was proposed for AC enhanced ozonation of oxalate.

关键词： Activated carbon Oxalate Ozonation Hydroxyl radicals Surface oxidation Catalytic ozonation

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R43ples: Revisions for triples an approach for version control in the semantic web 1

R43ples: Revisions for triples an approach for version contr...

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1st Workshop on Linked Data Quality, LDQ 2014, Co-Located with 10th International Conference on Semantic systems, SEMANTiCS 2014

作者： Graube, Markus Hensel, Stephan Urbas, Leon Department for Process Control Systems Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Germany

For most use cases, the Semantic Web provides essential mechanisms to interlink data in a fast and efficient way. However, it is still not widely accepted in industry since some important features are not mature enough. Requirements include easier model transformation and access to dynamic data. One of the most missing important features is version control which would make it possible to record changes in a way that they can be rolled back at any time. Recent version control system are not very well integrated into the Semantic Web. This paper shows a novel way of dealing with version control for Linked Data. It presents R43ples as an approach using named graphs to semantically store the differences between revisions. Furthermore it allows direct access and manipulation of revisions with SPARQL. Thus, the access is almost transparent for the clients which can still use known SPARQL queries enhanced with some additional keywords. A prototypical implementation of the system shows a proof of concept and performance considerations. Copyright is held by the author/owner(s).

关键词： Linked data Named graphs Query Revision SPARQL Versioning

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