Examples of the application of “Design-to-Cost” are presented in the framework of the recent Naval Sea systems Command Instruction, “Design-to-Cost” Guide for Ship Acquisition. The central theme of these examples ...
Examples of the application of “Design-to-Cost” are presented in the framework of the recent Naval Sea systems Command Instruction, “Design-to-Cost” Guide for Ship Acquisition. The central theme of these examples is the determination of cost leverages for “Design-to-Cost” savings. To date such cost savings have concentrated in the area of highly visible military characteristics and have not seriously impacted the remainder of the ship design. Reduction in not-so-visible design margins, practices, and criteria also offer practical cost savings. Ship design margins should be established in consideration of cost leverages as well as by reason of uncertainty and lack of design definition. Subsystem design practices should be established in consideration of cost leverages contained in their performance margins. It is concluded that an engineering definition of “Design-to-Cost” should be the specification of margins, practices, and criteria for the design of a particular ship in its budget environment followed by design control to assure that the specifications are met.
Several aspects associated with the identification and direct digital stochastic control of a steam‐jacketed continuous stirred tank process are investigated. Using data collected under closed‐loop conditions by an...
Fatigue specimens of Ni-20Co and Ni-60Co alloys were shot peened to an Almen intensity of 0. 008N2 and cycled at two levels of alternating stress. The surface residual stress was monitored during cycling. Microhardnes...
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Fatigue specimens of Ni-20Co and Ni-60Co alloys were shot peened to an Almen intensity of 0. 008N2 and cycled at two levels of alternating stress. The surface residual stress was monitored during cycling. Microhardness surveys were made across cross sections of specimens representing each test condition. It was found that the surface residual stress decayed partially during the plastic cycling of the 20%Co alloy (lower strength, higher stacking fault energy) and that little such decay occurred in either the plastic or elastic cycling of the 60%Co alloy. There was virtually no change of microhardness during cycling in either alloy. The residual stress relaxation in the 20%Co alloy is therefore interpreted as a dynamic recovery process. 22 refs.
This paper describes TRANSIM simulation a a method for solving problems. There is a brief discussion of modeling and its importance. TRANSIM is compared with other general purpose simulators, special purpose simulatio...
This book reflects the considerable current industrial interest and investment in processcontrolsystems. The use of computer systems in processcontrol can provide great benefits, and it is estimated that efficiency...
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ISBN:
(数字)9789401131162
ISBN:
(纸本)9780412395307;9789401053808
This book reflects the considerable current industrial interest and investment in processcontrolsystems. The use of computer systems in processcontrol can provide great benefits, and it is estimated that efficiency can be increased by up to 30%. It is not surprising, therefore, that there have been considerable efforts by system designers and users to introduce and use such systems. process hardware is integrated into a complete production system through data processing. It is for this purpose that technical specialists (e. g. electrical, mechanical, electronics, communication and process engineers and program mers) are involved in data processing. The scope of this book is therefore to assist in the selection of computer hardware and software that match the functional specification of the data processing component of a particular system. The principal points covered in this book are set out below. Part One: Production process hardware for a standard process is outlined and the information processing hardware is described. Large mechanical process hardware and process information devices (e. g. sensors and control elements involved in the process) create a coherent production unit, or system, which can be the control unit (i. e. the basic process unit). The hardware processes are described and the mathematics explained. This enables the application of control laws in order to linearize the process about its working point, as well as a stratification of processcontrol tasks.
A simplified theoretical model for the dynamics of a side-fired steam reformer is derived. Experimental work, designed to confirm the theoretical model, is described, and the use of the results in the design of a feed...
A simplified theoretical model for the dynamics of a side-fired steam reformer is derived. Experimental work, designed to confirm the theoretical model, is described, and the use of the results in the design of a feed-forward/feedback control scheme for throughput changes is discussed. This scheme, implemented on an on-line computer, enables large throughput changes to be made with a minimum of disturbance to the plant and a minimum of effort by the plant operators. Results from a typical throughput change are presented.
The purpose of this document is to describe 2 types of operator consoles : a console for the control Room (DDC Type) and a console for the Analytical Laboratories specially built for use of gas chromatographs. These c...
The purpose of this document is to describe 2 types of operator consoles : a console for the control Room (DDC Type) and a console for the Analytical Laboratories specially built for use of gas chromatographs. These consoles are connected to computers.
The paper describes a computer-based system for the on-line control of the material flow in a large automated warehouse at ASEA, Västerås, Sweden. This warehouse contains a storage for up to 10, 000 pallets,...
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The paper describes a computer-based system for the on-line control of the material flow in a large automated warehouse at ASEA, Västerås, Sweden. This warehouse contains a storage for up to 10, 000 pallets, served by 5 automatic stacker cranes as well as an automatic bar storage for 1700 cases. An ASEA System 1700 process computer performs a number of functions of which the more important are: - Dispatch of stackers and maneuvering of conveyors according to demands for storing and retrieving material, including planning for maximum of efficiency. - Allocation of storage space to different items according to decision rules based on frequency of demand and physical restrictions, aiming at optimum utilization of available space. - Issuing of picking lists to personnel at the picking stations. - Communication with the main computer centre, where the company's centralized material planning is accomplished in an IBH 360 computer. - Calculation of the optimum cutting procedure for bar material and presentation of the results to the personnel on a CRT display.
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