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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Yukio Endo Yu Morishita Ryu Sugimoto Ryo Natsuaki Masanobu Shimada Chiaki Tsutsumi Toru Kouyama Ryosuke Nakamura Digital Architecture Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Division of Architectural Civil and Environmental Engineering School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Denki University Saitama Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350360325

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360332

In repeat-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (In-SAR), the coherence loss derived from temporal decorrelation can be modeled using an exponential decay function. Many researches have investigated the relationships between decay parameters over various land-cover types for C-band SAR satellites. Although ALOS PALSAR provides many L-band SAR images, its revisit time was insufficient for understanding the rapid exponential drop in temporal decorrelation. Due to the lack of an appropriate archived dataset, analyzing the decay parameters for L-band SAR was a challenging task. In this study, we processed four-year interferometric pairs derived from ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 full-aperture ScanSAR images. This dataset has a 14 day minimum temporal interval. We selected Nairobi, Kenya, in the middle of the East African rift, as the study area and investigated how decay functions differ over multiple land-cover types. In addition, we compared decay models for Sentinel-1 interferograms. This study demonstrates that the decay parameters of L-band coherence completely differs across forest types, whereas C-band coherence is low coherence regardless of forest type.

关键词： Grasslands C-band Vegetation mapping Sentinel-1 Coherence Forestry Radar polarimetry

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A Novel Metaverse-as-a-Service Architecture from an Operator View

A Novel Metaverse-as-a-Service Architecture from an Operator...

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Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications (MetaCom), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Vesal Ahsani Ali Rahimi Mehdi Letafati Babak Hossein Khalaj Department of Electrical Engineering and Sharif Center for Information Systems and Data Science Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

In this research paper, the authors present a comprehensive overview of three key elements of Metaverse-as-a-service (MaaS) platforms: privacy and security, edge computing, and blockchain technology. The study begins by examining security concerns for wireless access to the Metaverse. It then delves into privacy and security issues within the Metaverse from data-centric, learning-centric, and human-centric perspectives. The authors propose novel and less-explored methods to aid mobile network operators and Metaverse service providers in creating secure and private MaaS platforms across various layers of the Metaverse, from access to social interactions. The article also explores the potential of edge computing to enhance various aspects of the Metaverse and the challenges associated with its implementation. Furthermore, the study examines the 10 main challenges of MaaS platforms and how blockchain technology can address them. Finally, the authors present future visions and recommendations, such as content-centric security and zero-trust Metaverse, as well as unresolved challenges in blockchain technology to provide insights for network designers in the Metaverse era.

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EL-GRILLO: Leaking Data Ultrasonically from Air-Gapped PCs via the Tiny Motherboard Buzzer

EL-GRILLO: Leaking Data Ultrasonically from Air-Gapped PCs v...

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Annual Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust, PST

作者： Mordechai Guri Israel Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering Cyber-Security Research Center Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

Air-gapped workstations are separated from the Internet because they contain confidential or sensitive information. Studies have shown that attackers can leak data from air-gapped computers with covert ultrasonic signals produced by loudspeakers. To counteract the threat, speakers might not be permitted on highly sensitive computers or disabled altogether - a measure known as an ’audio gap.’ This paper presents an attack enabling adversaries to exfiltrate data over ultrasonic waves from air-gapped, audio-gapped computers without external speakers. The malware on the compromised computer uses its built-in buzzer to generate sonic and ultrasonic signals. This component is mounted on many systems, including PC workstations, embedded systems, and server motherboards. It allows software and firmware to provide error notifications to a user, such as memory and peripheral hardware failures. We examine the different types of internal buzzers and their hardware and software controls. Despite their limited technological capabilities, such as 1-bit sound, we show that sensitive data can be encoded in sonic and ultrasonic waves. This is done using pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques to maintain a carrier wave with a dynamic range. We also show that malware can evade detection by hiding in the frequency bands of other components (e.g., fans and power supplies). We implement the attack using a PC transmitter and smartphone app receiver. We discuss transmission protocols, modulation, encoding, and reception and present the evaluation of the covert channel as well. Based on our tests, sensitive data can be exfiltrated from air-gapped computers through its built- in buzzer. A smartphone can receive data from up to six meters away at 100 bits per second.

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Control Barrier Functions for systems with Multiple Control Inputs

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Xiao, Wei Cassandras, Christos G. Belta, Calin A. Rus, Daniela The Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Division of Systems Engineering Center for Information and Systems Engineering Boston University BrooklineMA02446 United States

Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) are becoming popular tools in guaranteeing safety for nonlinear systems and constraints, and they can reduce a constrained optimal control problem into a sequence of Quadratic Programs (QPs) for affine control systems. The recently proposed High Order Control Barrier Functions (HOCBFs) work for arbitrary relative degree constraints. One of the challenges in a HOCBF is to address the relative degree problem when a system has multiple control inputs, i.e., the relative degree could be defined with respect to different components of the control vector. This paper proposes two methods for HOCBFs to deal with systems with multiple control inputs: a general integral control method and a method which is simpler but limited to specific classes of physical systems. When control bounds are involved, the feasibility of the above mentioned QPs can also be significantly improved with the proposed methods. We illustrate our approaches on a unicyle model with two control inputs, and compare the two proposed methods to demonstrate their effectiveness and performance. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quadratic programming

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Kaiwu: A Multimodal Manipulation Dataset and Framework for Robot Learning and Human-Robot Interaction

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Jiang, Shuo Li, Haonan Ren, Ruochen Zhou, Yanmin Wang, Zhipeng He, Bin College of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Shanghai201804 China National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Ministry of Education Shanghai200120 China

Cutting-edge robot learning techniques including foundation models and imitation learning from humans all pose huge demands on large-scale and high-quality datasets which constitute one of the bottleneck in the general intelligent robot fields. This paper presents the Kaiwu multimodal dataset to address the missing real-world synchronized multimodal data problems in the sophisticated assembling scenario, especially with dynamics information and its fine-grained labelling. The dataset first provides an integration of human, environment and robot data collection framework with 20 subjects and 30 interaction objects resulting in totally 11,664 instances of integrated actions. For each of the demonstration, hand motions, operation pressures, sounds of the assembling process, multi-view videos, high-precision motion capture information, eye gaze with first-person videos, electromyography signals are all recorded. Fine-grained multi-level annotation based on absolute timestamp, and semantic segmentation labelling are performed. Kaiwu dataset aims to facilitate robot learning, dexterous manipulation, human intention investigation and human-robot collaboration research. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Human robot interaction

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Full-parameter omnidirectional transformation optical devices

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 92-99页

作者： Yuan Gao Yu Luo Jingjing Zhang Zhengjie Huang Bin Zheng Hongsheng Chen Dexin Ye Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and InstrumentationZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang University School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University CNRS-InternationalNTU-Thales Research Alliance Nanyang Technological University Institute of Electromagnetic Space Southeast University State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast University International Joint Innovation Center The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices&Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang University Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University

Transformation optics(TO) provides an unprecedented technique to control electromagnetic(EM) waves by engineering the constitutive parameters of the surrounding medium through a proper spatial transformation. In general, ideal transformation optical devices require simultaneous electric and magnetic responses along all three dimensions. To ease the practical implementation, previous studies usually made use of reduced parameters or other simplified approaches, which inevitably introduce extra reflection or unwanted phase shift. Up to today, experimental realizations of full-parameter transformation optical devices in free space are still quite limited. Here, a general design strategy is proposed to solve this *** a specific example, a full-parameter spatial-compression TO medium with constitutive parameters taking the diagonal form diag(a, a, 1/a) for the TM wave incidence was designed and realized experimentally. Such spatial-compression TO media were then applied to the implementation of an ideal omnidirectional invisibility cloak capable of concealing a large-scale object over a wide range of illumination angles. Both the simulation and experiment confirm that the cloak allows for nearly unity transmission of EM waves in the forward direction without introducing extra scattering or phase shift. This work constitutes an important stepping stone for future practical implementation of arbitrary full-parameter omnidirectional transformation optical devices.

关键词： transformation optical devices omnidirectional impedance matching full-parameter invisibility cloak

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Deep Learning-based Moving Object Segmentation:Recent Progress and Research Prospects

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Machine Intelligence Research 2023年第3期20卷 335-369页

作者： Rui Jiang Ruixiang Zhu Hu Su Yinlin Li Yuan Xie Wei Zou College of Information Engineering Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai201306China School of Computer Science and Technology East China Normal UniversityShanghai200062China Research Center of Precision Sensing and Control Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China

Moving object segmentation(MOS),aiming at segmenting moving objects from video frames,is an important and challenging task in computer vision and with various *** the development of deep learning(DL),MOS has also entered the era of deep models toward spatiotemporal feature *** paper aims to provide the latest review of recent DL-based MOS methods proposed during the past three ***,we present a more up-to-date categorization based on model characteristics,then compare and discuss each category from feature learning(FL),and model training and evaluation *** FL,the methods reviewed are divided into three types:spatial FL,temporal FL,and spatiotemporal FL,then analyzed from input and model architectures aspects,three input types,and four typical preprocessing subnetworks are *** terms of training,we discuss ideas for enhancing model *** terms of evaluation,based on a previous categorization of scene dependent evaluation and scene independent evaluation,and combined with whether used videos are recorded with static or moving cameras,we further provide four subdivided evaluation setups and analyze that of reviewed *** also show performance comparisons of some reviewed MOS methods and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of reviewed MOS methods in terms of ***,based on the above comparisons and discussions,we present research prospects and future directions.

关键词： Moving object segmentation(MOS) change detection background subtraction deep learning(DL) video understanding

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Mm-Wave Beam Steering Antennas Using Stacked Parallel Plate Lens Antenna Subarrays

Mm-Wave Beam Steering Antennas Using Stacked Parallel Plate ...

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Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium

作者： Omar Jebreil Gokhan Mumcu Department of Electrical Engineering Center for Wireless and Microwave Information Systems University of South Florida Tampa FL USA

A millimeter (mm)-wave beam steering antenna consisting of subarrays of parallel plate lenses is presented for the first time. As compared to a previously reported antenna that utilized subarrays of dielectric slab waveguide lenses, the presented antenna allows to design and control the beamwidth of the radiation pattern in the plane orthogonal to the beam steering plane by stacking the parallel plate lens subarrays. Additionally, full wave simulations of the presented antenna show performance improvements in gain, side lobe level, and field of view in comparison to the previously reported dielectric slab waveguide-based realization.

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A Modified Approach for Monitoring Technical and Non-Technical Losses in a Distribution Feeder in a Developing Country: The Democratic Republic of Congo as a Case Study.

A Modified Approach for Monitoring Technical and Non-Technic...

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2022 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, PowerAfrica 2022

作者： Benjamin, Muzalia Kikuni Moises, Peter Musau University of Rwanda African Center of Excellence in Energy for Sustainable Development. Electrical Power Systems Engineering Department Kigali Rwanda South Eastern Kenya University. Electrical Electronic and Information Engineering Department Kitui Kenya

ISBN: (数字)9781665466394

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466394

Power losses are a major problem in the electricity distribution sector, mostly in developing countries. There is a need to assuring a continuous monitoring of distribution networks for maintaining the losses within acceptable levels. This can help power companies in developing countries not only to minimize commercial loss but also to optimize their profitability. Moreover, a continuous monitoring guarantee a better power quality of power delivered as well as distribution system efficiency and reliability. This paper establishes an alternative methodology for Technical Losses (TL) and NonTechnical Losses (NTL) analysis per feeder. The monitoring process relies on Automated Control Chart with a statistical approach, which allows detecting any deviation in the energy consumption whenever the consumption data surpass admissible deviation limits set by control parameters. The analyses performed in this paper make use of time series data measured on feeders of a real power supply located at Rutsuru in the DRC. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Monitoring

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Streamline Intelligent Crowd Monitoring with IoT Cloud Computing Middleware

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gazis, Alexandros Katsiri, Eleftheria Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Engineering Democritus University of Thrace Xanthi67100 Greece Institute for the Management of Information Systems Athena Research & Innovation Center in Information Communication & Knowledge Technologies Marousi15125 Greece

This article introduces a novel middleware that utilizes cost-effective, low-power computing devices like Raspberry Pi to analyze data from wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It is designed for indoor settings like historical buildings and museums, tracking visitors and identifying points of interest. It serves as an evacuation aid by monitoring occupancy and gauging the popularity of specific areas, subjects, or art exhibitions. The middleware employs a basic form of the MapReduce algorithm to gather WSN data and distribute it across available computer nodes. Data collected by RFID sensors on visitor badges is stored on mini-computers placed in exhibition rooms and then transmitted to a remote database after a preset time frame. Utilizing MapReduce for data analysis and a leader election algorithm for fault tolerance, this middleware showcases its viability through metrics, demonstrating applications like swift prototyping and accurate validation of findings. Despite using simpler hardware, its performance matches resource-intensive methods involving audiovisual and AI techniques. This design’s innovation lies in its fault-tolerant, distributed setup using budget-friendly, low-power devices rather than resource-heavy hardware or methods. Successfully tested at a historical building in Greece (M. Hatzidakis’ residence), it is tailored for indoor spaces. This paper compares its algorithmic application layer with other implementations, highlighting its technical strengths and advantages. Particularly relevant in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and general monitoring middleware for indoor locations, this middleware holds promise in tracking visitor counts and overall building occupancy. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： MapReduce

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