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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Ichimura, M. Kasahara, K. Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Aomori Hirosaki036-8561 Japan Department of Electronic Information Systems Shibaura Institute of Technology 307 Fukasaku Minuma Saitama337-8570 Japan Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa Chiba277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Sagamihara Kanagawa252-5210 Japan Kanagawa U

The CALET Calorimeter on the International Space Station(ISS) has previously measured the flux and spectrum of iron cosmic-ray nuclei above 10 GeV/n. In order to extend the measurement to the region below 10 GeV/n, we carry out an analysis to utilize the geomagnetic effect. Cutoff rigidities of cosmic-ray nuclei are calculated for all directions for each observation point in the ISS orbit. The integral spectrum of observed rigidities is then obtained by counting the number of iron nuclei in each bin of cutoff rigidity. The absolute flux and differential spectrum are then calculated by taking the detection efficiencies into account. Here we present the details of the analysis procedure and the iron spectrum below 10 GeV/n. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

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Resuts of the Heavy Cosmic-Ray Analysis with CALET on the International Space Station 14

Resuts of the Heavy Cosmic-Ray Analysis with CALET on the In...

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14th Frascati Workshops on Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources, MULTIF 2023

作者： Checchia, Caterina Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. De Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Aomori Hirosaki036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto U

The study of the spectral behavior of charged cosmic-ray elements is of particular interest to gain a deeper understanding of propagation and acceleration phenomena in our Galaxy. The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), launched to the International Space Station in 2015, provides more than 7 years of continuous observation of high energy cosmic rays up to ~1 PeV. CALET can measure cosmic-ray charge up to Z = 40 and, with its 27 radiation lengths deep Total Absorption Calorimeter, it measures particle energy, allowing for the determination of spectra up to nickel. In this contribution we present a direct measurement of several charged nuclei spectra from boron to nickel, including the boron to carbon and the nickel to iron ratios. Also, the ultra heavy nuclei analysis results are reported. © Copyright owned by the author(s).

关键词： Cosmic rays

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CALET Search for electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves in O4 38

CALET Search for electromagnetic counterparts of gravitation...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Kawakubo, Yuta Cherry, Michael L. Sakamoto, Takanori Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department Physics & Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States College of Science and Engineering Department of Physics and Mathematics Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5258 Japan Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology

The latest LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA observing run (O4) started on May 24 in 2023. Many ground and space instruments have participated in follow-up observation and search for electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves. Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station has also searched for electromagnetic counterparts since the observation started in October 2015. Although CALET is a payload for direct measurement of high-energy cosmic rays, CALET has the capability to observe high-energy gamma-rays above 1 GeV with the Calorimeter (CAL) and X-rays / gamma rays in the energy range from 7 keV to 20 MeV with the CALET Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (CGBM). We searched for electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave events in the last LIGO/Virgo observing run (O3). Although no candidate was found in CALET data in O3, CAL and CGBM estimated upper limits of gamma-ray / X-ray flux for the gravitational waves in O3. We have been searching for electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves in O4 with improved and automated analysis pipelines to deal with many events with high event rates. As of the end of June 2023, the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA collaboration reported 169 events via the GCN/LVC NOTICE, and 15 of 169 events were reported to GCN Circulars as significant events. Although CGBM and CAL searched for signals associated with the significant events, no candidates were found around the event time of the significant events. We obtained CAL upper limits for eight significant events of which localization high probability region overlapped with the CAL field of view. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

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Multimodal Whole Slide Foundation Model for Pathology

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ding, Tong Wagner, Sophia J. Song, Andrew H. Chen, Richard J. Lu, Ming Y. Zhang, Andrew Vaidya, Anurag J. Jaume, Guillaume Shaban, Muhammad Kim, Ahrong Williamson, Drew F.K. Chen, Bowen Almagro-Perez, Cristina Doucet, Paul Sahai, Sharifa Chen, Chengkuan Komura, Daisuke Kawabe, Akihiro Ishikawa, Shumpei Gerber, Georg Peng, Tingying Le, Long Phi Mahmood, Faisal Department of Pathology Mass General Brigham Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Data Science Program Dana-Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA United States Cancer Program Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT CambridgeMA United States John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Helmholtz Munich German Research Center for Environment and Health Munich Germany School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Pathology Pusan National University Busan Korea Republic of Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine AtlantaGA United States Harvard Data Science Initiative Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Department of Systems Biology Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Preventive Medicine Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Division of Pathology National Cancer Center Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center Chiba Japan

The field of computational pathology has been transformed with recent advances in foundation models that encode histopathology region-of-interests (ROIs) into versatile and transferable feature representations via self-supervised learning (SSL). However, translating these advancements to address complex clinical challenges at the patient and slide level remains constrained by limited clinical data in disease-specific cohorts, especially for rare clinical conditions. We propose TITAN, a multimodal whole slide foundation model pretrained using 335,645 WSIs via visual self-supervised learning and vision-language alignment with corresponding pathology reports and 423,122 synthetic captions generated from a multimodal generative AI copilot for pathology. Without any finetuning or requiring clinical labels, TITAN can extract general-purpose slide representations and generate pathology reports that generalize to resource-limited clinical scenarios such as rare disease retrieval and cancer prognosis. We evaluate TITAN on diverse clinical tasks and find that TITAN outperforms both ROI and slide foundation models across machine learning settings such as linear probing, few-shot and zero-shot classification, rare cancer retrieval and cross-modal retrieval, and pathology report generation. The model is publicly accessible at https://***/mahmoodlab/TITAN © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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Solar-Induced Fluorescence Responds Earlier than Vegetation Indices to the 2019 North China Plain Drought

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Gao, Yongyuan Zeng, Yelu Voropay, Nadezhda N. Gobin, Anne Huang, Jianxi Su, Wei Li, Xuecao Miao, Shuangxi Liu, Zhe Gao, Bingbo He, Yachang Lu, Wendi Tian, Huiren Zhu, Liang Gao, Si Yan, Kai Hao, Dalei College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing100083 China Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing100083 China Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Tomsk634055 Russia Sochava Institute of Geography Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Irkutsk664033 Russia Boeretang 200 Mol2400 Belgium Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200E Leuven3001 Belgium College of Geomatics Xi’an University of Science and Technology Xi’an710054 China Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Insititute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Atmospheric Climate & Earth Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory WA99352 United States

Recently, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) retrieved from satellite has shown potential for evaluating vegetation physiological status and responses to environmental stresses, and especially the fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) is related to vegetation stress. However, the complex response mechanism of physiological and structural changes under drought conditions requires further exploration. In this study, the effect of angular variations and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) fluctuations on SIF was normalized as SIFn for more accurate drought monitoring. The anomalies were compared with the historical baseline of vegetation indices (VIs), raw SIF, and ΦF during a 2019 drought in the North China Plain (NCP). The results show that SIFn provides an effective way for drought monitoring. SIFn shows the earliest decline compared to raw SIF, VIs, and ΦF. Within the first two weeks of drought onset, SIFn decreased -8.20%, -7.00%, -12.49%, and -8.17% in the four subdivisions of NCP, respectively, outperforming other indicators and demonstrating its sensitivity for early drought detection. Furthermore, the ability of SIFn was investigated for tracking drought alleviation by rainfall, and the uncertainty of different viewing geometries was quantified. SIFn anomalies have a relatively strong correlation with rainfall anomalies (R: 0.45 ~ 0.52) and meteorological factors such as PAR (R: 0.80 ~ 0.84), and relative humidity anomalies (R: 0.52 ~ 0.54). The correlation of near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv) and ΦF anomalies with SIF anomalies is weak during drought onset (R: 0.16 ~ 0.32) but strong at the end of drought (R: 0.83 ~ 0.87). This suggests that both canopy structure (represented by NIRv) and vegetation physiology (represented by ΦF) are affected by drought and contribute to SIF dynamically at different drought stages. This study reveals SIFn can effectively monitor vegetation response to water stress. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserv

关键词： Drought

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Improving Preference Detection with Eye Movement Gaze and Cognitive Diversity

Improving Preference Detection with Eye Movement Gaze and Co...

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IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics

作者： Christina Schweikert Shinsuke Shimojo Zihan Zhang Jonida Tato Rebecca Hendsey D. Frank Hsu Division of Computer Science Mathematics and Science St. John&#x2019 s University Queens NY USA Division of Biology/Computation and Neural Systems California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA Department of Computer and Information Science Laboratory of Informatics and Data Mining Fordham University New York NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421201

Preference choices of a subject when given two human face images is a complex cognitive process. One way to detect a subject’s preference is by recording and examining the subject’s eye movement gaze sequence before his/her decision. Combinatorial fusion analysis / algorithm (CFA) is a new approach for combining multiple scoring systems using rank-score characteristic (RSC) function and cognitive diversity (CD) measure. In this paper, we apply CFA to the study of the eye movement gaze sequences for preference detection. In particular, we use the RSC function to characterize each of the attributes and the CD to measure the diversity between attributes. Our results demonstrate that weighted combination of attributes using diversity strength, computed using average CD’s, improves the preference detection.

关键词： Atmospheric measurements Cognitive processes Diversity reception Particle measurements Recording Cognitive systems Faces

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Preface

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lectu...

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Lecture Notes in Computer science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2025年 14784 LNCS卷 v页

作者： Bai, Guangdong Ishikawa, Fuyuki Aït-Ameur, Yamine Papadopoulos, George A. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Information Technology University of Queensland BrisbaneQLD Australia Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division National Institute of Informatics Tokyo Chiyoda-ku Japan IRIT University of Toulouse Toulouse France Department of Computer Science University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus

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Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Uplink Massive MIMO With Electromagnetic Exposure Constraints

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Jiang, Hanyu You, Li Elzanaty, Ahmed Wang, Jue Wang, Wenjin Gao, Xiqi Alouini, Mohamed-Slim The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China The Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211100 China The 5GIC & 6GIC Institute for Communication Systems University of Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom School of Information Science and Technology Nantong University Nantong226019 China Nantong Research Institute for Advanced Communication Technologies Nantong226019 China The Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Makkah Province Thuwal Saudi Arabia

Over the past few years, the prevalence of wireless devices has become one of the essential sources of electromagnetic (EM) radiation to the public. Facing with the swift development of wireless communications, people are skeptical about the risks of long-term exposure to EM radiation. As EM exposure is required to be restricted at user terminals, it is inefficient to blindly decrease the transmit power, which leads to limited spectral efficiency and energy efficiency (EE). Recently, rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) has been proposed as an effective way to provide higher wireless transmission performance, which is a promising technology for future wireless communications. To this end, we propose using RSMA to increase the EE of massive MIMO uplink while limiting the EM exposure of users. In particularly, we investigate the optimization of the transmit covariance matrices and decoding order using statistical channel state information (CSI). The problem is formulated as non-convex mixed integer program, which is in general difficult to handle. We first propose a modified water-filling scheme to obtain the transmit covariance matrices with fixed decoding order. Then, a greedy approach is proposed to obtain the decoding permutation. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed EM exposure-aware EE maximization scheme for uplink RSMA. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Empirical estimates of regional carbon budgets imply reduced global soil heterotrophic respiration

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National science Review 2021年第2期8卷 60-73页

作者： Philippe Ciais Yitong Yao Thomas Gasser Alessandro Baccini Yilong Wang Ronny Lauerwald Shushi Peng Ana Bastos Wei Li Peter A.Raymond Josep G.Canadell Glen P.Peters Rob J.Andres Jinfeng Chang Chao Yue A.Johannes Dolman Vanessa Haverd Jens Hartmann Goulven Laruelle Alexandra G.Konings Anthony W.King Yi Liu Sebastiaan Luyssaert Fabienne Maignan Prabir K.Patra Anna Peregon Pierre Regnier Julia Pongratz Benjamin Poulter Anatoly Shvidenko Riccardo Valentini Rong Wang Grégoire Broquet Yi Yin Jakob Zscheischler Bertrand Guenet Daniel S.Goll Ashley-P.Ballantyne Hui Yang Chunjing Qiu Dan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere 15. Institute for Geology CEN—Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversity of Hamburg 16. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford University 17. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford UniversityStanford 18. School of Geographical SciencesNanjing University of Information Science and Technology 19. Department of Ecological SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam 20. Research Institute for Global ChangeJAMSTEC Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY Center for Environmental Remote Sensing Chiba University Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) Tuva State University Republic of Tuva Max Planck Institute for Meteorology NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Biospheric Sciences Lab. 26. Department for Innovation in BiologicalAgro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF)University of Tuscia RUDN University Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and PreventionInstitute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan University 29. Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of Technology 30. Climate and Environmental Physics and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of Bern 31. Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sci

Resolving regional carbon budgets is critical for informing land-based mitigation policy. For nine regions covering nearly the whole globe, we collected inventory estimates of carbon-stock changes complemented by satellite estimates of biomass changes where inventory data are missing. The net land–atmospheric carbon exchange(NEE) was calculated by taking the sum of the carbon-stock change and lateral carbon fluxes from crop and wood trade, and riverine-carbon export to the ocean. Summing up NEE from all regions, we obtained a global ‘bottom-up’ NEE for net land anthropogenic CO2uptake of –2.2 ± 0.6 Pg C yr-1consistent with the independent top-down NEE from the global atmospheric carbon budget during 2000–2009. This estimate is so far the most comprehensive global bottom-up carbon budget accounting, which set up an important milestone for global carbon-cycle studies. By decomposing NEE into component fluxes, we found that global soil heterotrophic respiration amounts to a source of CO2of 39 Pg C yr-1with an interquartile of 33–46 Pg C yr-1—a much smaller portion of net primary productivity than previously reported.

关键词： carbon budget human appropriation of ecosystems soil carbon

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Defining Effective Engagement For Enhancing Cancer Patients’ Well-being with Mobile Digital Behavior Change Interventions

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lisowska, Aneta Wilk, Szymon Locati, Laura Rizzo, Mimma Sacchi, Lucia Quaglini, Silvana Terzaghi, Matteo Tibollo, Valentina Peleg, Mor Department of Computer Science Vrije Univerisiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Amsterdam Netherlands Institute of Computing Science Poznań University of Technology Poznan Poland Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy University of Pavia Pavia Italy Medical Oncology Unit Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Pavia Italy Division of Medical Oncology Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Barii Bari Italy Department of Electric Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Pavia Italy Department of Information Systems University of Haifa Haifa Israel

Digital Behavior Change Interventions (DBCIs) are supporting development of new health behaviors. Evaluating their effectiveness is crucial for their improvement and understanding of success factors. However, comprehensive guidance for developers, particularly in small-scale studies with ethical constraints, is limited. Building on the CAPABLE project, this study aims to define effective engagement with DBCIs for supporting cancer patients in enhancing their quality of life. We identify metrics for measuring engagement, explore the interest of both patients and clinicians in DBCIs, and propose hypotheses for assessing the impact of DBCIs in such contexts. Our findings suggest that clinician prescriptions significantly increase sustained engagement with mobile DBCIs. In addition, while one weekly engagement with a DBCI is sufficient to maintain well-being, transitioning from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation may require a higher level of engagement. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Diseases

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