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Assessing Trustworthy AI in Times of COVID-19: Deep Learning for Predicting a Multiregional Score Conveying the Degree of Lung Compromise in COVID-19 Patients

IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society

引用

IEEE Transactions on technology and Society 2022年第4期3卷 272-289页

作者： Allahabadi, Himanshi Amann, Julia Balot, Isabelle Beretta, Andrea Binkley, Charles Bozenhard, Jonas Bruneault, Frederick Brusseau, James Candemir, Sema Cappellini, Luca Alessandro Chakraborty, Subrata Cherciu, Nicoleta Cociancig, Christina Coffee, Megan Ek, Irene Espinosa-Leal, Leonardo Farina, Davide Fieux-Castagnet, Genevieve Frauenfelder, Thomas Gallucci, Alessio Giuliani, Guya Golda, Adam Van Halem, Irmhild Hildt, Elisabeth Holm, Sune Kararigas, Georgios Krier, Sebastien A. Kuhne, Ulrich Lizzi, Francesca Madai, Vince I. Markus, Aniek F. Masis, Serg Mathez, Emilie Wiinblad Mureddu, Francesco Neri, Emanuele Osika, Walter Ozols, Matiss Panigutti, Cecilia Parent, Brendan Pratesi, Francesca Moreno-Sanchez, Pedro A. Sartor, Giovanni Savardi, Mattia Signoroni, Alberto Sormunen, Hanna-Maria Spezzatti, Andy Srivastava, Adarsh Stephansen, Annette F. Theng, Lau Bee Tithi, Jesmin Jahan Tuominen, Jarno Umbrello, Steven Vaccher, Filippo Vetter, Dennis Westerlund, Magnus Wurth, Renee Zicari, Roberto V. Ey Netherlands Enterprise Intelligence Department Amsterdam1083 HP Netherlands Eth Zurich Health Ethics and Policy Lab Department of Health Sciences and Technology Zürich8092 Switzerland Center for Diplomatic and Strategic Studies Postgraduate Studies in Diplomacy and International Relations Paris75015 France Pisa56124 Italy Hackensack Meridian Health Bioethics Center EdisonNJ08820 United States University of Oxford Faculty of Philosophy OxfordOX2 6GG United Kingdom Collège André- Laurendeau Philosophie Department MontrealQCH8N 2J4 Canada Université du Québec À Montréal École des Médias MontrealQCH2L 2C4 Canada Pace University Philosophy Department New YorkNY10038 United States The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Radiology ColumbusOH43210 United States Humanitas Research Hospital Department of Radiology Milan20089 Italy Humanitas University Department of Biomedical Sciences Milan20089 Italy University of New England Faculty of Science Agriculture Business and Law ArmidaleNSW2351 Australia University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna European Centre of Excellence on the Regulation of Robotics and Ai Pisa56127 Italy University of Bremen Group of Computer Architecture Bremen28359 Germany New York University Grossman School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Department of Medicine New YorkNY10016 United States Digital Institute Ai Research Section Stockholm16731 Sweden Arcada University of Applied Sciences Department of Business Management and Analytics Helsinki00550 Finland University of Brescia Radiological Sciences and Public Health Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Brescia25121 Italy Sncf Reseau Sa Ethique Groupe La Plaine93418 France Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital Zurich Zürich8091 Switzerland Eindhoven University of Tech

This article's main contributions are twofold: 1) to demonstrate how to apply the general European Union's High-Level Expert Group's (EU HLEG) guidelines for trustworthy AI in practice for the domain of healthcare and 2) to investigate the research question of what does 'trustworthy AI' mean at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we present the results of a post-hoc self-assessment to evaluate the trustworthiness of an AI system for predicting a multiregional score conveying the degree of lung compromise in COVID-19 patients, developed and verified by an interdisciplinary team with members from academia, public hospitals, and industry in time of pandemic. The AI system aims to help radiologists to estimate and communicate the severity of damage in a patient's lung from Chest X-rays. It has been experimentally deployed in the radiology department of the ASST Spedali Civili clinic in Brescia, Italy, since December 2020 during pandemic time. The methodology we have applied for our post-hoc assessment, called Z-Inspection®, uses sociotechnical scenarios to identify ethical, technical, and domain-specific issues in the use of the AI system in the context of the pandemic. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19

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Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Helium Spectrum from 40 GeV to 250 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Buckley, J.H. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Firenze Via Sansone Sesto Fiorentino1-50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Aomori Hirosaki036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto Un

We present the results of a direct measurement of the cosmic-ray helium spectrum with the CALET instrument in operation on the International Space Station since 2015. The observation period covered by this analysis spans from October 13, 2015 to April 30, 2022 (2392 days). The very wide dynamic range of CALET allowed to collect helium data over a large energy interval, from ∼40 GeV to ∼250 TeV, for the first time with a single instrument in Low Earth Orbit. The measured spectrum shows evidence of a deviation of the flux from a single power-law by more than 8 σ with a progressive spectral hardening from a few hundred GeV to a few tens of TeV. This result is consistent with the data reported by space instruments including PAMELA, AMS-02, DAMPE and balloon instruments including CREAM. At higher energy we report the onset of a softening of the helium spectrum around 30 TeV (total kinetic energy). Though affected by large uncertainties in the highest energy bins, the observation of a flux reduction turns out to be consistent with the most recent results of DAMPE. A Double Broken Power Law (DBPL) is found to fit simultaneously both spectral features: the hardening (at lower energy) and the softening (at higher energy). A measurement of the proton to helium flux ratio in the energy range from 60 GeV/n to about 60 TeV/n is also presented, using the CALET proton flux recently updated with higher statistics. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Kinetics

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Parametrizations of dark energy models in the background of general non-canonical scalar field in D-dimensional fractal universe

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Debnath, Ujjal Bamba, Kazuharu Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur Howrah711 103 India Division of Human Support System Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science Fukushima University Fukushima960-1296 Japan

We have explored non-canonical scalar field model in the background of non-flat D-dimensional fractal Universe on the condition that the matter and scalar field are separately conserved. The potential V, scalar field φ, function f, densities, Hubble parameter and deceleration parameter can be expressed in terms of the redshift z and these depend on the equation of state parameter wφ. We have also investigated the cosmological analysis of four kinds of well known parametrization models. In graphically, we have analyzed the natures of potential, scalar field, function f, densities, the Hubble parameter and deceleration parameter. As a result, the best fitted values of the unknown parameters (w0, w1) of the parametrization models due to the joint data analysis (SNIa+BAO+CMB+Hubble) have been found. Furthermore, the minimum values of χ2 function have been obtained. Also we have plotted the graphs for different confidence levels 66%, 90% and 99% contours for (w0, w1) by fixing the other parameters. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fractals

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Pulse and spectral responses of laser-excited twisted silica few-mode optical fiber with improved height of quasi-step refractive index profile

Pulse and spectral responses of laser-excited twisted silica...

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Optical Technologies for Telecommunications 2021

作者： Bourdine, Anton V. Dashkov, Michael V. Kuznetsov, Artem A. Demidov, Vladimir V. Evtushenko, Alexander S. Barashkin, Alexey Yu. Ter-Nersesyants, Egishe V. Vasilets, Alexander A. Morozov, Oleg G. Burdin, Vladimir A. Dukelskii, Konstantin V. Sakhabutdinov, Airat Zh. Zaitseva, Elena S. Gizatulin, Azat R. Meshkov, Ivan K. Dmitriev, Eugeniy V. Ismail, Yaseera Petruccione, Francesco Singh, Ghanshyam Tiwari, Manish Yin, Juan Dept. of Communications Lines Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics 77 Moscow av. Samara443090 Russia JSC Scientific Production Association State Optical Institute Named after Vavilov S.I. 36/1 Babushkin street St. Petersburg192171 Russia OptoFiber Lab LLC Skolkovo Innovation Center 7 Nobel street Moscow143026 Russia Dept. of Photonics and Communication Lines Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications Named after M.A. Bonch-Bruevich 22 Bolshevikov av. St. Petersburg193232 Russia Kazan National Research State University Named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI Dept. of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies 10 Karl Marx str. Kazan420111 Russia Faculty of Management and Engineering Business Kazan Innovative University Named after V.G. Timiryasov 42 Moskovskaya str. Kazan420111 Russia Faculty of Photonics and Optical Information School of Photonics ITMO University bldg. A 49 Kronverksky alley St. Petersburg197101 Russia Dept. of Telecommunication Systems Ufa State Aviation Technical University Karl Marx str. Ufa450000 Russia Dept. of Quantum Communication Systems Research Kazakova str. 16 Moscow105064 Russia Quantum Research Group School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban4001 South Africa National Institute for Theoretical Physics KwaZulu-Natal South Africa Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur J.L.N Road Rajasthan Jaipur302017 India School of Electrical and Electronics and Communication Engineering Manipal University Jaipur Dehmi Kalan Off Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway Rajasthan Jaipur303007 India Division of Quantum Physics and Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China No.99 Xiupu Road Pudong District Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510656451

This work presents some results of pulse and spectral responses, performed for laser-excited pilot sample of earlier on designed and fabricated chiral silica few-mode optical fiber (FMF) with induced twisting 66 revolutions per meter (rpm), typical (for telecommunication optical fibers) cladding diameter 125 µm, weakly increased core diameter up to 11 µm and numerical aperture NA=0.22, corresponding to improved height of quasi-step refractive index profile. Described FMF 11/125 provides propagation of 4 and 6 guided modes over "C"and "O"-bands, respectively. We present results of tests, focused on researches of few-mode effects, occurring under laser-excited optical signal propagation over pilot sample optical fiber, and their influence on pulse and spectral responses, including some measurements, performed for fiber Bragg grating, recorded in tested FMF 11/125. © 2022 SPIE.

关键词： Fiber Bragg gratings

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A reconfigurable quantum local area network over deployed fiber

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Alshowkan, Muneer Williams, Brian P. Evans, Philip G. Rao, Nageswara S.V. Simmerman, Emma M. Lu, Hsuan-Hao Lingaraju, Navin B. Weiner, Andrew M. Marvinney, Claire E. Pai, Yun-Yi Lawrie, Benjamin J. Peters, Nicholas A. Lukens, Joseph M. Quantum Information Science Group Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Autonomous and Complex Systems Group Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Department of Applied Physics Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States

Practical quantum networking architectures are crucial for scaling the connection of quantum resources. Yet quantum network testbeds have thus far underutilized the full capabilities of modern lightwave communications, such as flexible-grid bandwidth allocation. In this work, we implement flex-grid entanglement distribution in a deployed network for the first time, connecting nodes in three distinct campus buildings time-synchronized via the Global Positioning System (GPS). We quantify the quality of the distributed polarization entanglement via log-negativity, which offers a generic metric of link performance in entangled bits per second. After demonstrating successful entanglement distribution for two allocations of our eight dynamically reconfigurable channels, we demonstrate remote state preparation—the first realization on deployed fiber—showcasing one possible quantum protocol enabled by the distributed entanglement network. Our results realize an advanced paradigm for managing entanglement resources in quantum networks of ever-increasing complexity and service demands. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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Dipole-matter interactions governed by the asymmetry of Maxwell equations

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhong, Yuhan Wang, Chan Bian, Chenxu Chen, Xuhuinan Chen, Jialin Zhu, Xingjian Hu, Hao Low, Tony Chen, Hongsheng Zhang, Baile Lin, Xiao Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China International Joint Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining314400 China Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua321099 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel School of Physics Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Department of Physics University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Shaoxing312000 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore

Directionally molding the near-field and far-field radiation lies at the heart of nanophotonics and is crucial for applications such as on-chip information processing and chiral quantum networks. The most fundamental model for radiating structures is a dipolar source located inside a homogeneous matter. However, the influence of matter on the directionality of dipolar radiation is oftentimes overlooked, especially for the near-field radiation. We show that the dipole-matter interaction is intrinsically asymmetric and does not fulfill the duality principle, originating from the inherent asymmetry of Maxwell’s equations, i.e., electric charge and current are ubiquitous but their magnetic counterparts are non-existent to elusive. Moreover, we find that the asymmetric dipole-matter interaction could offer an enticing route to reshape the directionality of not only the near-field radiation but also the far-field radiation. As an example, both the near-field and far-field radiation directionality of Huygens dipole (located close to a dielectric-metal interface) would be reversed, if the dipolar position is changed from the dielectric region to the metal region. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Maxwell equations

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High Thermal Conductivity in Wafer-Scale Cubic Silicon Carbide Crystals

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Cheng, Zhe Liang, Jianbo Kawamura, Keisuke Asamura, Hidetoshi Uratani, Hiroki Graham, Samuel Ohno, Yutaka Nagai, Yasuyoshi Shigekawa, Naoteru Cahill, David G. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Electronic Information Systems Osaka Metropolitan University Sugimoto 3-3-138 Sumiyoshi Osaka558-8585 Japan The SIC Division Air Water Inc. 2290-1 Takibe Toyoshina Azumino Nagano399-8204 Japan Specialty Materials Department Electronics Unit Air Water Inc 4007-3 Yamato Azusagawa Nagano390-1701 Japan George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2145-2 Narita Ibaraki Oarai311-1313 Japan

High thermal conductivity electronic materials are critical components for high-performance electronic and photonic devices as either active functional materials or thermal management materials. We report an isotropic high thermal conductivity over 500 W m-1K-1 at room temperature in high-quality wafer-scale cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) crystals, which is the second highest among large crystals (only surpassed by diamond). Furthermore, the corresponding 3C-SiC thin films are found to have record-high in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivity, even higher than diamond thin films with equivalent thicknesses. Our results resolve a long-lasting puzzle that the literature values of thermal conductivity for 3C-SiC are perplexingly lower than the structurally more complex 6H-SiC. Further analysis reveals that the observed high thermal conductivity in this work arises from the high purity and high crystal quality of 3C-SiC crystals which excludes the exceptionally strong defect-phonon scatterings in 3C-SiC. Moreover, by integrating 3C-SiC with other semiconductors by epitaxial growth, we show that the measured 3C-SiC-Si TBC is among the highest for semiconductor interfaces. These findings not only provide insights for fundamental phonon transport mechanisms, also suggest that 3C-SiC may constitute an excellent wide-bandgap semiconductor for applications of power electronics as either active components or substrates. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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Direct Measurement of the Spectral Structure of Cosmic-Ray Electrons+Positrons in the TeV Region with CALET on the International Space Station

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bongi, M. Brogi, P. Bruno, A. Buckley, J.H. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. de Nolfo, G.A. Ebisawa, K. Ficklin, A.W. Fuke, H. Gonzi, S. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Papini, P. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Sugita, S. Sulaj, A. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Zober, W.V. Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone Sesto Fiorentino1 - 50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Florence Via Sansone Sesto Fiorentino1 - 50019 Italy Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 17 Kikuicho Shinjuku Tokyo162-0044 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8505 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo Pisa3 - 56127 Italy Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Kanagawa Yokohama221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo Hirosaki Aomori036-8561 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyo

Detailed measurements of the spectral structure of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons from 10.6 GeV to 7.5 TeV are presented from over 7 years of observations with the CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station. The instrument, consisting of a charge detector, an imaging calorimeter, and a total absorption calorimeter with a total depth of 30 radiation lengths at normal incidence and a fine shower imaging capability, is optimized to measure the all-electron spectrum well into the TeV region. Because of the excellent energy resolution (a few percent above 10 GeV) and the outstanding e/p separation (105), CALET provides optimal performance for a detailed search of structures in the energy spectrum. The analysis uses data up to the end of 2022, and the statistics of observed electron candidates has increased more than 3 times since the last publication in 2018. By adopting an updated boosted decision tree analysis, a sufficient proton rejection power up to 7.5 TeV is achieved, with a residual proton contamination less than 10%. The observed energy spectrum becomes gradually harder in the lower energy region from around 30 GeV, consistently with AMS-02, but from 300 to 600 GeV it is considerably softer than the spectra measured by DAMPE and Fermi-LAT. At high energies, the spectrum presents a sharp break around 1 TeV, with a spectral index change from -3.15 to -3.91, and a broken power law fitting the data in the energy range from 30 GeV to 4.8 TeV better than a single power law with 6.9 sigma significance, which is compatible with the DAMPE results. The break is consistent with the expected effects of radiation loss during the propagation from distant sources (except the highest energy bin). We have fitted the spectrum with a model consistent with the positron flux measured by AMS-02 below 1 TeV and interpreted the electron + positron spectrum with possible contributions from pulsars and nearby sources. Above 4.8 TeV, a possible contribu

关键词： Cosmology

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The comparative physiological, biochemical and whole transcriptome analysis of Ross 308 broilers under different wind conditions

引用

Poultry science 2025年

作者： Md Mortuza Hossain Sanghoon Lee Yeonhee Park Jinhyun Ahn Woncheol Park Hyeran Kim Yujin Ko Soo-Youn Choi Sung-Pyo Hur Dajeong Lim Donghyun Shin Jong-Eun Park Department of Animal Biotechnology College of Applied Life Science Jeju National University Jeju Jeju-do Republic of Korea Department of Management Information Systems Jeju National University Jeju Jeju-do Republic of Korea. Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics National Institute of Animal Science Wanju Republic of Korea Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team National Institute of Animal Science Wanju Republic of Korea Department of Biology Jeju National University Jeju Republic of Korea Department of Marine Life Science Jeju National University Jeju Republic of Korea Department of Animal Resources Science Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Republic of Korea

Chickens are one of the most economically and nutritionally important livestock species globally, yet they are highly vulnerable to environmental stressors which compromise their growth and physiological stability. In this study we investigated the effect of wind speed on growth performance, physiological responses, blood profiles, and transcriptomic adaptations in Ross-308 broilers under high-temperature conditions. A total of 240 broilers were divided into three groups: low wind, high temperature (LWH; 33°C, 60% RH, 0 m/s), medium wind, high temperature (MWH; 33°C, 60% RH, 1 m/s), and high wind, high temperature (HWH; 33°C, 60% RH, 2 m/s). The results showed that broilers in the HWH and MWH groups had significantly higher feed intake, body weight gain, and improved thermoregulation, as indicated by lower rectal temperatures and respiration rates compared to the LWH group. Additionally, serum potassium and phosphorus levels were higher in the HWH and MWH groups, indicating enhanced metabolic stability under heat stress. Transcriptomic analysis identified differentially expressed genes associated with the heat stress response, such as HSPB9, THBS1, TLR2, EHHADH, and PDK4. Functional enrichment analysis identified pathways related to vital processes, innate immune responses, and biosynthetic pathways, which contribute to thermal resilience. Upregulated genes like PDK4 and heat shock proteins were associated with improved energy efficiency and stress response, whereas downregulated genes in LWH indicated compromised growth. This study underscores the vital role of wind speed in ameliorating heat stress effects in broilers, laying the groundwork for enhanced environmental management and potential genetic and nutritional strategies in poultry production.

关键词： broiler heat stress thermoregulation transcriptome wind speed

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High intensity proton beam impact at 440 GeV/c on Mo and Cu coated CfC/graphite and SiC/SiC absorbers for beam intercepting devices

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Maestre, Jorge Bahamonde, Cristina Garcia, Inigo Lamas Kershaw, Keith Biancacci, Nicolo Busom, Josep Frankl, Matthias I. Lechner, Anton Kurtulus, Adnan Makimura, Shunsuke Nakazato, Naofumi Perez, Ana Teresa Perillo-Marcone, Antonio Salvant, Benoit Seidenbinder, Regis Teofili, Lorenzo Calviani, Marco European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN Esplanade des Particules 1 Genève 231211 Switzerland Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Transferencia Universidad de Granada Gran Vía de Colón 48 Granada Spain Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 Villigen PSI 5232 Switzerland Muon Science Section Materials and Life Science Division J-PARC Center Ibaraki Tokai319-1106 Japan Muon Science Laboratory Institute of Materials Structure Science High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Ibaraki Tokai319-1106 Japan College of Information and Systems Muroran Institute of Technology 27-1 Mizumoto-cho Hokkaido Muroran050-8585 Japan

Beam Intercepting Devices (BIDs) are essential protection elements for the operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) complex. The LHC internal beam dump (LHC Target Dump Injection or LHC TDI) is the main protection BID of the LHC injection system;its main function is to protect LHC equipment in the event of a malfunction of the injection kicker magnets during beam transfer from the SPS to the LHC. Several issues with the TDI were encountered during LHC operation, most of them due to outgassing from its core components induced by electron cloud effects, which led to limitations of the injector intensity and hence had an impact on LHC availability. The absorbing cores of the TDIs, and of beam intercepting devices in general, need to deal with high thermo-mechanical loads induced by the high intensity particle beams. In addition, devices such as the TDI - where the absorbing materials are installed close to the beam, are important contributors to the accelerator impedance budget. To reduce impedance, the absorbing materials that make up the core must be typically coated with high electrical conductivity metals. Beam impact testing of the coated absorbers is a crucial element of development work to ensure their correct operation. In the work covered by this paper, the behaviour of several metal-coated absorber materials was investigated when exposed to high intensity and high energy proton beams in the HiRadMat facility at CERN. Different coating configurations based on copper and molybdenum, and absorbing materials such as isostatic graphite, Carbon Fibre Composite (CfC) and Silicon Carbide reinforced with Silicon Carbide fibres (SiC-SiC), were tested in the facility to assess the TDI's performance and to extract information for other BIDs using these materials. In addition to beam impact tests and an extensive Post Irradiation Examination (PIE) campaign to assess the performance of the coatings and the structural integrity of the substrates, extensive numerical sim

关键词： Silicon carbide

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