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Author Correction: BigNeuron: a resource to benchmark and predict performance of algorithms for automated tracing of neurons in light microscopy datasets

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Nature methods 2024年第10期21卷 1959页

作者： Linus Manubens-Gil Zhi Zhou Hanbo Chen Arvind Ramanathan Xiaoxiao Liu Yufeng Liu Alessandro Bria Todd Gillette Zongcai Ruan Jian Yang Miroslav Radojević Ting Zhao Li Cheng Lei Qu Siqi Liu Kristofer E Bouchard Lin Gu Weidong Cai Shuiwang Ji Badrinath Roysam Ching-Wei Wang Hongchuan Yu Amos Sironi Daniel Maxim Iascone Jie Zhou Erhan Bas Eduardo Conde-Sousa Paulo Aguiar Xiang Li Yujie Li Sumit Nanda Yuan Wang Leila Muresan Pascal Fua Bing Ye Hai-Yan He Jochen F Staiger Manuel Peter Daniel N Cox Michel Simonneau Marcel Oberlaender Gregory Jefferis Kei Ito Paloma Gonzalez-Bellido Jinhyun Kim Edwin Rubel Hollis T Cline Hongkui Zeng Aljoscha Nern Ann-Shyn Chiang Jianhua Yao Jane Roskams Rick Livesey Janine Stevens Tianming Liu Chinh Dang Yike Guo Ning Zhong Georgia Tourassi Sean Hill Michael Hawrylycz Christof Koch Erik Meijering Giorgio A Ascoli Hanchuan Peng Institute for Brain and Intelligence Southeast University Nanjing China. Microsoft Corporation Redmond WA USA. Tencent AI Lab Bellevue WA USA. Computing Environment and Life Sciences Directorate Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL USA. Kaya Medical Seattle WA USA. University of Cassino and Southern Lazio Cassino Italy. Center for Neural Informatics Structures and Plasticity Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study George Mason University Fairfax VA USA. Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China. Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services Beijing China. Nuctech Netherlands Rotterdam the Netherlands. Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute Ashburn VA USA. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computation and Signal Processing Anhui University Hefei China. Paige AI New York NY USA. Scientific Data Division and Biological Systems and Engineering Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley CA USA. Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience UC Berkeley Berkeley CA USA. RIKEN AIP Tokyo Japan. Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST) The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. School of Computer Science University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia. Texas A&M University College Station TX USA. Cullen College of Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan. National Centre for Computer Animation Bournemouth University Poole UK. PROPHESEE Paris France. Department of Neuroscience Columbia University New York NY USA. Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute Columbia University New York NY USA. Department of Computer Science Northern Illinois Universit

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Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Fast Radio Bursts Detected by CHIME/FRB during the LIGO-Virgo Observing Run O3a

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Astrophysical Journal 2023年第2期955卷 155-155页

作者： Abbott, R. Abbott, T.D. Acernese, F. Ackley, K. Adams, C. Adhikari, N. Adhikari, R.X. Adya, V.B. Affeldt, C. Agarwal, D. Agathos, M. Agatsuma, K. Aggarwal, N. Aguiar, O.D. Aiello, L. Ain, A. Ajith, P. Akutsu, T. Albanesi, S. Allocca, A. Altin, P.A. Amato, A. Anand, C. Anand, S. Ananyeva, A. Anderson, S.B. Anderson, W.G. Ando, M. Andrade, T. Andres, N. Andrić, T. Angelova, S.V. Ansoldi, S. Antelis, J.M. Antier, S. Appert, S. Arai, Koya Arai, Y. Araki, S. Araya, A. Araya, M.C. Areeda, J.S. Arène, M. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, N. Aronson, S.M. Arun, K.G. Asada, H. Asali, Y. Ashton, G. Aso, Y. Assiduo, M. Aston, S.M. Astone, P. Aubin, F. Austin, C. Babak, S. Badaracco, F. Bader, M.K.M. Badger, C. Bae, S. Bae, Y. Baer, A.M. Bagnasco, S. Bai, Y. Baiotti, L. Baird, J. Bajpai, R. Ball, M. Ballardin, G. Ballmer, S.W. Balsamo, A. Baltus, G. Banagiri, S. Bankar, D. Barayoga, J.C. Barbieri, C. Barish, B.C. Barker, D. Barneo, P. Barone, F. Barr, B. Barsotti, L. Barsuglia, M. Barta, D. Bartlett, J. Barton, M.A. Bartos, I. Bassiri, R. Basti, A. Bawaj, M. Bayley, J.C. Baylor, A.C. Bazzan, M. Bécsy, B. Bedakihale, V.M. Bejger, M. Belahcene, I. Benedetto, V. Beniwal, D. Bennett, T.F. Bentley, J.D. BenYaala, M. Bergamin, F. Berger, B.K. Bernuzzi, S. Berry, C.P.L. Bersanetti, D. Bertolini, A. Betzwieser, J. Beveridge, D. Bhandare, R. Bhardwaj, U. Bhattacharjee, D. Bhaumik, S. Bilenko, I.A. Billingsley, G. Bini, S. Birney, R. Birnholtz, O. Biscans, S. Bischi, M. Biscoveanu, S. Bisht, A. Biswas, B. Bitossi, M. Bizouard, M.-A. Blackburn, J.K. Blair, C.D. Blair, D.G. Blair, R.M. Bobba, F. Bode, N. Boer, M. Bogaert, G. Boldrini, M. Bonavena, L.D. Bondu, F. Bonilla, E. Bonnand, R. Booker, P. Boom, B.A. Bork, R. Boschi, V. Bose, N. Bose, S. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, V. Bouffanais, Y. Boumerdassi, A. Bozzi, A. Bradaschia, C. Brady, P.R. Bramley, A. Branch, A. Branchesi, M. Brau, J.E. Breschi, M. Briant, T. Briggs, J.H. Brillet, A. Brinkmann, M. Brockill, P. Brooks, A.F. Brooks, J. Brown, D.D. Brunett, S. Bruno, G. Bruntz, R. Bryant, J. Buchanan, J. B LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena 91125 CA United States Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA United States Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno Fisciano Salerno I-84084 Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Napoli I-80126 Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 VIC Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston 70754 LA United States University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee 53201 WI United States OzGrav Australian National University Canberra 0200 ACT Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) Hannover D-30167 Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover D-30167 Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Jena D-07743 Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL United States Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São Paulo São José dos Campos 12227-010 Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa Pisa I-56127 Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan INFN Sezione di Torino Torino I-10125 Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Napoli I-80126 Italy Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS Institut Lumière Matière Villeurbanne F-69622

We search for gravitational-wave (GW) transients associated with fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst Project, during the first part of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 April 1 15:00 UTC-2019 October 1 15:00 UTC). Triggers from 22 FRBs were analyzed with a search that targets both binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers. A targeted search for generic GW transients was conducted on 40 FRBs. We find no significant evidence for a GW association in either search. Given the large uncertainties in the distances of our FRB sample, we are unable to exclude the possibility of a GW association. Assessing the volumetric event rates of both FRB and binary mergers, an association is limited to 15% of the FRB population for BNS mergers or 1% for NSBH mergers. We report 90% confidence lower bounds on the distance to each FRB for a range of GW progenitor models and set upper limits on the energy emitted through GWs for a range of emission scenarios. We find values of order 10⁵¹-10⁵⁷ erg for models with central GW frequencies in the range 70-3560 Hz. At the sensitivity of this search, we find these limits to be above the predicted GW emissions for the models considered. We also find no significant coincident detection of GWs with the repeater, FRB 20200120E, which is the closest known extragalactic FRB. © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

关键词： Gravitational wave astronomy Radio transient sources

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The Hubble PanCET Program: A Featureless Transmission Spectrum for WASP-29b and Evidence of Enhanced Atmospheric Metallicity on WASP-80b

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wong, Ian Chachan, Yayaati Knutson, Heather A. Henry, Gregory W. Adams, Danica Kataria, Tiffany Benneke, Björn Gao, Peter Deming, Drake López-Morales, Mercedes Sing, David K. Alam, Munazza K. Ballester, Gilda E. Barstow, Joanna K. Buchhave, Lars A. Dos Santos, Leonardo A. Fu, Guangwei Muñoz, Antonio García Macdonald, Ryan J. Mikal-Evans, Thomas Sanz-Forcada, Jorge Wakeford, Hannah R. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt Rd GreenbeltMD20771 United States Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Blvd PasadenaCA91125 United States Center of Excellence in Information Systems Tennessee State University NashvilleTN37209 United States NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4800 Oak Grove Drive PasadenaCA91109 United States Department of Physics and Institute for Research on Exoplanets Université de Montréal MontréalQC Canada Earth and Planets Laboratory Carnegie Institute for Science 5241 Broad Branch Road NW WashingtonDC20015 United States Department of Astronomy University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Center for Astrophysics-Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Earth and Planetary Science Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles Street BaltimoreMD21218 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles Street BaltimoreMD21218 United States Carnegie Earth & Planets Laboratory 5241 Broad Branch Road NW WashingtonDC20015 United States Lunar & Planetary Laboratory Department of Planetary Sciences University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States School of Physical Sciences The Open University Walton Hall Milton KeynesMK7 6AA United Kingdom DTU Space National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark Elektrovej 328 LyngbyDK-2800 Kgs. Denmark Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Drive BaltimoreMD21218 United States AIM CEA CNRS Université Paris-Saclay Université de Paris Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France Department of Astronomy and Carl Sagan Institute Cornell University 122 Sciences Drive IthacaNY14853 United States Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17 HeidelbergD-69117 Germany ESAC Campus Madrid Villanueva de la CañadaE-28692 Spain School of Physics University of Bristol H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory Tynd

We present a uniform analysis of transit observations from the Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope of two warm gas giants orbiting K-type stars-WASP-29b andWASP-80b. The transmission spectra, which span 0.4-5.0 μm, are interpreted using a suite of chemical equilibrium PLATON atmospheric retrievals. Both planets show evidence of significant aerosol opacity along the day-night terminator. The spectrum of WASP-29b is flat throughout the visible and near-infrared, suggesting the presence of condensate clouds extending to low pressures. The lack of spectral features hinders our ability to constrain the atmospheric metallicity and C/O ratio. In contrast, WASP-80b shows a discernible, albeit muted H2O absorption feature at 1.4 μm, as well as a steep optical spectral slope that is caused by fine-particle aerosols and/or contamination from unocculted spots on the variable host star. WASP-80b joins the small number of gas-giant exoplanets that show evidence for enhanced atmospheric metallicity: the transmission spectrum is consistent with metallicities ranging from ∼30-100 times solar in the case of cloudy limbs to a few hundred times solar in the cloud-free scenario. In addition to the detection of water, we infer the presence of CO2in the atmosphere of WASP-80b based on the enhanced transit depth in the Spitzer 4.5 μm bandpass. From a complementary analysis of Spitzer secondary eclipses, we find that the dayside emission from WASP-29b and WASP-80b is consistent with brightness temperatures of 937±48 and 851±14 K, respectively, indicating relatively weak day-night heat transport and low Bond albedo. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectrum analysis

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Bouncing cosmology in f(R,T) gravity

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Physical Review D 2018年第12期97卷 123536-123536页

作者： J. K. Singh Kazuharu Bamba Ritika Nagpal S. K. J. Pacif Department of Mathematics Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology Faculty of Technology University of Delhi New Delhi 110 078 India Division of Human Support System Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science Fukushima University Fukushima 960-1296 Japan Centre for Theoretical Physics Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110 025 India

A cosmological model with a specific form of the Hubble parameter is constructed in a flat homogeneous, and isotropic background in the framework of f(R,T) gravity, where R is the scalar curvature and T is the trace of the stress-energy-momentum tensor. The proposed functional form of the Hubble parameter is taken in such a way that it fulfills the successful bouncing criteria to find the solution of the gravitational field equations provided the Universe is free from initial singularity. The various constraints on the parameters are involved in the functional form of the Hubble parameter which are analyzed in detail. In addition, we explore physical and geometrical consequences of the model based on the imposed constraints. Furthermore, we demonstrate the bouncing scenario which is realized in our model with some particular values of the model parameters. As a result, we find that all of the necessary conditions are satisfied for a successful bouncing model.

关键词： Alternative gravity theories Cosmological parameters Dark energy Evolution of the Universe Inflation

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Common Limitations of Image Processing Metrics: A Picture Story

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Reinke, Annika Tizabi, Minu D. Sudre, Carole H. Eisenmann, Matthias Rädsch, Tim Baumgartner, Michael Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Bankhead, Peter Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew Buettner, Florian Cardoso, M. Jorge Chen, Jianxu Cheplygina, Veronika Christodoulou, Evangelia Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Engelhardt, Sandy Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian van Ginneken, Bram Glocker, Ben Godau, Patrick Haase, Robert Hamprecht, Fred Hashimoto, Daniel A. Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Hirsch, Peter Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Isensee, Fabian Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kavur, A. Emre Kenngott, Hannes Kleesiek, Jens Kleppe, Andreas Koehler, Sven Kofler, Florian Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kooi, Thijs Kozubek, Michal Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moher, David Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Noyan, M. Alican Petersen, Jens Polat, Gorkem Rafelski, Susanne M. Rajpoot, Nasir Reyes, Mauricio Rieke, Nicola Riegler, Michael A. Rivaz, Hassan Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Schroeter, Julien Saha, Anindo Selver, M. Alper Sharan, Lalith Shetty, Shravya Smeden, Maarten V.A.N. Stieltjes, Bram Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. Calster, Ben V.A.N. Varoquaux, Gaël Wiesenfarth, Manuel Yaniv, Ziv R. Jäger, Paul Maier-Hein, Lena Division of Intelligent Medical Systems and HI Helmholtz Imaging Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Division of Medical Image Computing Heidelberg Germany Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montréal Canada Division of Computational Pathology Dept of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IU Health Information and Translational Sciences Building Indianapolis United States University of Pennsylvania Richards Medical Research Laboratories FL7 PhiladelphiaPA United States Institute of Genetics and Cancer University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Department of Digital Medical Technologies Holon Institute of Technology Holon Israel European Federation for Medical Informatics Le Mont-sur-Lausanne Switzerland Center for Processing Speech and Images Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 - box 2441 Leuven3001 Belgium Frankfurt/Mainz DKFZ UCT Frankfurt-Marburg Germany Heidelberg Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Medicine Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Informatics Germany Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V. Dortmund Germany Department of Computer Science IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Imaging Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA United States Centre for St

While the importance of automatic image analysis is continuously increasing, recent meta-research revealed major flaws with respect to algorithm validation. Performance metrics are particularly key for meaningful, objective, and transparent performance assessment and validation of the used automatic algorithms, but relatively little attention has been given to the practical pitfalls when using specific metrics for a given image analysis task. These are typically related to (1) the disregard of inherent metric properties, such as the behaviour in the presence of class imbalance or small target structures, (2) the disregard of inherent data set properties, such as the non-independence of the test cases, and (3) the disregard of the actual biomedical domain interest that the metrics should reflect. This living dynamically document has the purpose to illustrate important limitations of performance metrics commonly applied in the field of image analysis. In this context, it focuses on biomedical image analysis problems that can be phrased as image-level classification, semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, or object detection task. The current version is based on a Delphi process on metrics conducted by an international consortium of image analysis experts from more than 60 institutions worldwide. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Gravitational wave physics and astronomy in the nascent era

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Arimoto, Makoto Asada, Hideki Cherry, Michael L. Fujii, Michiko S. Fukazawa, Yasushi Harada, Akira Hayama, Kazuhiro Hosokawa, Takashi Ioka, Kunihito Itoh, Yoichi Kanda, Nobuyuki Kawabata, Koji S. Kawaguchi, Kyohei Kawai, Nobuyuki Kobayashi, Tsutomu Kohri, Kazunori Koshio, Yusuke Kotake, Kei Kumamoto, Jun Machida, Masahiro N. Matsufuru, Hideo Mihara, Tatehiro Mori, Masaki Morokuma, Tomoki Mukohyama, Shinji Nakano, Hiroyuki Narikawa, Tatsuya Negoro, Hitoshi Nishizawa, Atsushi Ohgami, Takayuki Omukai, Kazuyuki Sakamoto, Takanori Sako, Shigeyuki Sasada, Mahito Sekiguchi, Yuichiro Serino, Motoko Soda, Jiro Sugita, Satoshi Sumiyoshi, Kohsuke Susa, Hajime Suyama, Teruaki Takahashi, Hirotaka Takahashi, Kazuya Takiwaki, Tomoya Tanaka, Takahiro Tanaka, Masaomi Tanikawa, Ataru Tominaga, Nozomu Uchikata, Nami Utsumi, Yousuke Vagins, Mark R. Yamada, Kei Yoshida, Michitoshi Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Institute of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University Kakuma Kanazawa Ishikawa920-1192 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University Aomori036-8561 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Department of Physics Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Chiba277-8582 Japan Department of Applied Physics Research Institute of Explosive Stellar Phenomena Fukuoka University 8-19-1 Jonan Nanakuma Fukuoka814-0180 Japan Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kyoto606-8502 Japan Center for Gravitational Physics Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto University Kyoto606-8502 Japan Nishi-harima Astronomical Observatory Center for Astronomy University of Hyogo 407-2 Nishi-gaichi Sayo Hyogo679-5313 Japan Department of Physics Osaka City University Osaka Osaka558-8585 Japan Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Osaka City University Osaka Osaka558-8585 Japan Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Department of Physics Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo152-8551 Japan Department of Physics Rikkyo University Toshima Tokyo171-8501 Japan KEK Sokendai 1-1 Oho Tsukuba305-0801 Japan Department of Physics Okayama University Okayama Okayama700-8530 Japan University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba277-8583 Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Faculty of Sciences Kyushu University Nishi Fukuoka819-0395 Japan Oho 1-1 Tsukuba305-0801 Japan 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama351-0198 Jap

The detections of gravitational waves (GW) by LIGO/Virgo collaborations provide various possibilities to physics and astronomy. We are quite sure that GW observations will develop a lot both in precision and in number owing to the continuous works for the improvement of detectors, including the expectation to the newly joined detector, KAGRA, and the planned detector, LIGO-India. In this occasion, we review the fundamental outcomes and prospects of gravitational wave physics and astronomy. We survey the development focusing on representative sources of gravitational waves: binary black holes, binary neutron stars, and supernovae. We also summarize the role of gravitational wave observations as a probe of new physics. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Gravitational effects

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A small non-vanishing cosmological constant from the Krein-Gupta-Bleuler vacuum

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Pejhan, Hamed Bamba, Kazuharu Enayati, Mohammad Rahbardehghan, Surena Institute for Advanced Physics and Mathematics Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou310032 China Division of Human Support System Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science Fukushima University Fukushima960-1296 Japan Department of Physics Science and Research Branch Azad University Tehran*** Iran

We point out a potential relevance between the Krein-Gupta-Bleuler (KGB) vacuum leading to a fully covariant quantum field theory for gravity in de Sitter (dS) spacetime and the observable smallness of the cosmological constant. This may provide a formulation of linear quantum gravity in a framework amenable to developing a more complete theory determining the value of the cosmological constant. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gravitation

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Reconstruction of f(R) lagrangian from a massive scalar field

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Chakrabarti, Soumya Bamba, Kazuharu Said, Jackson Levi Centre for Theoretical Studies Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur721302 India Division of Human Support System Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science Fukushima University Fukushima960-1296 Japan Institute of Space Sciences and Astronomy University of Malta MsidaMSD 2080 Malta

We present a reconstruction of the Lagrangian for f(R) gravity by using a massive scalar field. The scalar field is minimally coupled to the action of f(R) gravity. We demonstrate the use of a theorem based on invertible point transformation of anharmonic oscillator equation that has only recently been applied to gravitational physics. This avenue gives us a direct way to solve the field equations for a few well-known self-interaction potential of the scalar field. A few cases which do not fall in the regime of the theorem are also discussed. The f(R) models are discussed in the context of recent cosmological observations and viability issues. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lagrange multipliers

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Observation of protein thermodynamics in ice by passive millimeter-wave microscopy

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Ishino, Manabu Kishigami, Akio Kudo, Hiroyuki Bae, Jongsuck Nozokido, Tatsuo Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku Toyama930-8555 Japan Department of Health and Nutrition Faculty of Home Economics Gifu Women's University 80 Taromaru Gifu501-2592 Japan Division of Information Engineering Faculty of Engineering Information and Systems University of Tsukuba Tennoudai 1-1-1 Tsukuba305-8573 Japan Department of Physical Science and Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso Showa-ku Nagoya466-8555 Japan

The study of protein functions attributed to the conformation and fluctuation that are ruled by both the amino acid sequence and thermodynamics, requires thermodynamic quantities given by calorimetry using thermometric techniques. The increased need for protein function in different applications requires improvements of measurement systems assessing protein thermodynamics to handle many kinds of samples quickly. We have developed a passive millimeter-wave microscope that allows near-field imaging of thermal radiation, even in the low temperature range under room temperature where passive infrared imaging systems are ineffective. This advantage of our microscope system in combination with low thermal emission property of water ice in the millimeter-wave region enables the characterization of the thermal radiation from the proteins themselves in aqueous solution at a temperature range low enough to freeze water and to trap conformation intermediates in the proteins. Experiments performed at a millimeter-wave frequency of 50 GHz in a temperature range from 130 K to 270 K for a 20 % bovine serum albumin (BSA) aqueous solution showed a displacement between two conformational states of BSA at a temperature of approximately 190 K as a boundary. Our microscope system using this freeze-trapping method is expected to provide noninvasive thermal images to enable novel high-throughput calorimetry useful for the analysis of protein functions. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Proteins

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European first-year university students accept evolution but lack substantial knowledge about it: a standardized European cross-country assessment

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Evolution: Education and Outreach 2021年第1期14卷 1-22页

作者： Kuschmierz, Paul Beniermann, Anna Bergmann, Alexander Pinxten, Rianne Aivelo, Tuomas Berniak-Woźny, Justyna Bohlin, Gustav Bugallo-Rodriguez, Anxela Cardia, Pedro Cavadas, Bento Filipe Barreiras Pinto Cebesoy, Umran Betul Cvetković, Dragana D. Demarsy, Emilie Đorđević, Mirko S. Drobniak, Szymon M. Dubchak, Liudmyla Dvořáková, Radka M. Fančovičová, Jana Fortin, Corinne Futo, Momir Geamănă, Nicoleta Adriana Gericke, Niklas Grasso, Donato A. Lendvai, Ádám Z. Mavrikaki, Evangelia Meneganzin, Andra Mogias, Athanasios Möller, Andrea Mota, Paulo G. Naciri, Yamama Németh, Zoltán Ożańska-Ponikwia, Katarzyna Paolucci, Silvia Pap, Péter László Petersson, Maria Pietrzak, Barbara Pievani, Telmo Pobric, Alma Porozovs, Juris Realdon, Giulia Sá-Pinto, Xana Savković, Uroš B. Sicard, Mathieu Sofonea, Mircea T. Sorgo, Andrej Stermin, Alexandru N. Tăușan, Ioan Torkar, Gregor Türkmen, Lütfullah Tutnjević, Slavica Uitto, Anna E. Varga, Mirna Vazquez-Ben, Lucia Venetis, Constantinos Viguera, Enrique Virtbauer, Lisa Christine Vutsova, Albena Yruela, Inmaculada Zandveld, Jelle Graf, Dittmar Institute for Didactics of Biology Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Giessen Germany Institute for Biology Teaching and Learning Research in Biology Education Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin Berlin Germany Faculty of Life Science Department of Biology University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany Didactica Research Unit Faculty of Social Sciences & Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów Rzeszów Poland Public & Science (VA) Stockholm Sweden Department of Pedagogy and Didactics University of A Coruña A Coruña Spain Escola Superior de Educação Politécnico do Porto Porto Portugal Department of Science and Mathematics Polytechnic Institute of Santarém/School of Education Santarém Portugal Faculty of Education/Department of Mathematics and Science Education Usak University Uşak Turkey Chair of Genetics and Evolution Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia Department of Botany and Plant Biology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Department of Evolutionary Biology Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia Institute of Environmental Sciences Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland Department of Parliamentarism and Political Management National Academy for Public Administration Under the President of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine Department of Teaching and Didactics of Biology Charles University Praha Czech Republic Department of Biology Faculty of Education Trnava University Trnava Slovakia Laboratory of Didactic André Revuz University of Paris Paris France Institut Ruđer Bošković/Division of Molecular Biology Zagreb Croatia Department/Research Center in Systems Ecology and Sustainability University of Bucharest Bucharest Romania Department of Envir

Background: Investigations of evolution knowledge and acceptance and their relation are central to evolution education research. Ambiguous results in this field of study demonstrate a variety of measuring issues, for instance differently theorized constructs, or a lack of standardized methods, especially for cross-country comparisons. In particular, meaningful comparisons across European countries, with their varying cultural backgrounds and education systems, are rare, often include only few countries, and lack standardization. To address these deficits, we conducted a standardized European survey, on 9200 first-year university students in 26 European countries utilizing a validated, comprehensive questionnaire, the “Evolution Education Questionnaire”, to assess evolution acceptance and knowledge, as well as influencing factors on evolution acceptance. Results: We found that, despite European countries’ different cultural backgrounds and education systems, European first-year university students generally accept evolution. At the same time, they lack substantial knowledge about it, even if they are enrolled in a biology-related study program. Additionally, we developed a multilevel-model that determines religious faith as the main influencing factor in accepting evolution. According to our model, knowledge about evolution and interest in biological topics also increase acceptance of evolution, but to a much lesser extent than religious faith. The effect of age and sex, as well as the country’s affiliation, students’ denomination, and whether or not a student is enrolled in a biology-related university program, is negligible. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that, despite all their differences, most of the European education systems for upper secondary education lead to acceptance of evolution at least in university students. It appears that, at least in this sample, the differences in knowledge between countries reflect neither the extent to which school curricul

关键词： Acceptance Assessment Attitude Europe Evolution Higher education Knowledge Multilevel modeling Religious faith Socioscientific issues

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