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The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station: Results from the First Two Years On Orbit

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第1期1181卷

作者： Y Asaoka O Adriani Y Akaike K Asano M G Bagliesi E Berti G Bigongiari W R Binns S Bonechi M Bongi A Bruno P Brogi J H Buckley N Cannady G Castellini C Checchia M L Cherry G Collazuol V Di Felice K Ebisawa H Fuke T G Guzik T Hams N Hasebe K Hibino M Ichimura K Ioka W Ishizaki M H Israel K Kasahara J Kataoka R Kataoka Y Katayose C Kato N Kawanaka Y Kawakubo K Kohri H S Krawczynski J F Krizmanic T Lomtadze P Maestro P S Marrocchesi A M Messineo J W Mitchell S Miyake A A Moiseev K Mori M Mori N Mori H M Motz K Munakata H Murakami S Nakahira J Nishimura G A De Nolfo S Okuno J F Ormes S Ozawa L Pacini F Palma V Pal'shin P Papini A V Penacchioni B F Rauch S B Ricciarini K Sakai T Sakamoto M Sasaki Y Shimizu A Shiomi R Sparvoli P Spillantini F Stolzi S Sugita J E Suh A Sulaj I Takahashi M Takayanagi M Takita T Tamura N Tateyama T Terasawa H Tomida S Torii Y Tsunesada Y Uchihori S Ueno E Vannuccini J P Wefel K Yamaoka S Yanagita A Yoshida K Yoshida Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Japan Department of Physics University of Florence Italy INFN Sezione di Florence Italy Department of Physics University of Maryland USA Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC USA Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo Japan Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Italy Department of Physics Washington University USA Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University USA Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC) National Research Council (CNR) Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Italy University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' Italy INFN Sezione di Rome 'Tor Vergata' Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Japan CRESST and Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC USA Kanagawa University Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto University Japan National Institute of Polar Research Japan Faculty of Engineering Division of Intelligent Systems Engineering Yokohama National University Japan Faculty of Science Shinshu University Japan Hakubi Center Kyoto University Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Japan College of Science and Engineering Department of Physics and Mathematics Aoyama Gakuin University Japan High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Japan University of Pisa Italy Department of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering National Institute of Technology Ibaraki College Japan Department of Astronomy University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Department of Physical Sciences Co

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a high-energy astroparticle physics space experiment installed on the International Space Station (ISS), developed and operated by Japan in collaboration with Italy and the United States. The CALET mission goals include the investigation of possible nearby sources of high-energy electrons, of the details of galactic particle acceleration and propagation, and of potential signatures of dark matter. CALET measures the cosmic-ray electron+positron flux up to 20 TeV, gamma-rays up to 10 TeV, and nuclei with Z=1 to 40 up to 1, 000 TeV for the more abundant elements during a long-term observation aboard the ISS. Starting science operation in mid-October 2015, CALET performed continuous observation without major interruption with close to 20 million triggered events over 10 GeV per month. Based on the data taken during the first two-years, we present an overview of CALET observations: 1) Electron+positron energy spectrum, 2) Nuclei analysis, 3) Gamma-ray observation including a characterization of on-orbit performance. Results of the electromagnetic counterpart search for LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave events are discussed as well.

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Direct measurement of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum from 50 gev to 10 tev with the calorimetric electron telescope on the international space station

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Adriani, O. Akaike, Y. Asano, K. Asaoka, Y. Bagliesi, M.G. Berti, E. Bigongiari, G. Binns, W.R. Bonechi, S. Bongi, M. Bruno, A. Buckley, J.H. Cannady, N. Castellini, G. Checchia, C. Cherry, M.L. Collazuol, G. Di Felice, V. Ebisawa, K. Fuke, H. Guzik, T.G. Hams, T. Hasebe, N. Hibino, K. Ichimura, M. Ioka, K. Ishizaki, W. Israel, M.H. Kasahara, K. Kataoka, J. Kataoka, R. Katayose, Y. Kato, C. Kawanaka, N. Kawakubo, Y. Kohri, K. Krawczynski, H.S. Krizmanic, J.F. Lomtadze, T. Maestro, P. Marrocchesi, P.S. Messineo, A.M. Mitchell, J.W. Miyake, S. Moiseev, A.A. Mori, K. Mori, M. Mori, N. Motz, H.M. Munakata, K. Murakami, H. Nakahira, S. Nishimura, J. de Nolfo, G.A. Okuno, S. Ormes, J.F. Ozawa, S. Pacini, L. Palma, F. Papini, P. Penacchioni, A.V. Rauch, B.F. Ricciarini, S.B. Sakai, K. Sakamoto, T. Sasaki, M. Shimizu, Y. Shiomi, A. Sparvoli, R. Spillantini, P. Stolzi, F. Suh, J.E. Sulaj, A. Takahashi, I. Takayanagi, M. Takita, M. Tamura, T. Terasawa, T. Tomida, H. Torii, S. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, Y. Ueno, S. Vannuccini, E. Wefel, J.P. Yamaoka, K. Yanagita, S. Yoshida, A. Yoshida, K. Department of Physics University of Florence Via Sansone Sesto Fiorentino1 - 50019 Italy INFN Sezione di Florence Via Sansone Sesto Fiorentino1 - 50019 Italy Department of Physics University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa Chiba277-8582 Japan Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku Tokyo169-8555 Japan JEM Utilization Center Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8505 Japan Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment University of Siena via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Polo Fibonacci Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University One Brookings Drive St. LouisMO63130-4899 United States Heliospheric Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 Rome00133 Italy INFN Sezione di Rome "Tor Vergata" Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 Rome00133 Italy Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Sagamihara Kanagawa252-5210 Japan CRESST and Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Kanagawa University 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi Kanagawa Yokohama Kanagawa221-8686 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Graduate School of Scien

In this paper, we present the analysis and results of a direct measurement of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum with the CALET instrument onboard the International Space Station, including the detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties. The observation period used in this analysis is from October 13, 2015 to August 31, 2018 (1054 days). We have achieved the very wide energy range necessary to carry out measurements of the spectrum from 50 GeV to 10 TeV covering, for the first time in space, with a single instrument the whole energy interval previously investigated in most cases in separate subranges by magnetic spectrometers (BESS-TeV, PAMELA, and AMS-02) and calorimetric instruments (ATIC, CREAM, and NUCLEON). The observed spectrum is consistent with AMS-02 but extends to nearly an order of magnitude higher energy, showing a very smooth transition of the power-law spectral index from −2.81 ± 0.03 (50-500 GeV) neglecting solar modulation effects (or −2.87 ± 0.06 including solar modulation effects in the lower energy region) to −2.56 ± 0.04 (1-10 TeV), thereby confirming the existence of spectral hardening and providing evidence of a deviation from a single power law by more than 3σ. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmology

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Reliable characterization for improving and validating accurate quantum operations

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Sugiyama, Takanori Imori, Shinpei Tanaka, Fuyuhiko Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Tokyo 4–6–1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo153–8904 Japan Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1–3–1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima-shi Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Department of Systems Innovation Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 1–3 Machikaneyama-chou Toyonaka-shi Osaka560–8531 Japan Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka University 1–3 Machikaneyama-chou Toyonaka-shi Osaka560–8531 Japan

A reliable method for characterizing quantum operations that is suitable for improving and validating their accuracies is indispensable for realizing a practical quantum computer. Known methods are still not sufficient because they lack reliability or are not suitable for use in the improvement and validation steps. Here we propose a reliable characterization method that is suitable for the accuracy validation step. First, we introduce a new self-consistent estimator with regularization and physicality constraints that are designed for improvement and validation. Second, we mathematically prove that the method provides estimation results that are stringently physical and converge to the gauge-equivalence class of the quantum operations of interest at the limit of data size going to infinity. The asymptotic convergence guarantees the reliability of the method, and the physical and regularized results ensure the suitability to the validation task. We also derive the asymptotic convergence rate, which would be optimal. Finally, we show numerical results on 1-qubit system, which confirm the theoretical results and prove that the method proposed is practical. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Numerical methods

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Simple deformation modelling using GNSS GPS data at Minahasa subduction

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1987卷

作者： Dina Anggreni Sarsito Susilo W. J. F. Simons 1Geodesy Research Division - Faculty of Earth Science and Technology Institute of TechnologyBandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 – Indonesia 2Geospatial Information Agency Cibinong Indonesia 3Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS) Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

North Sulawesi Trench or Minahasa subduction area is a subduction zone between the oceanic crust of Sulawesi Sea and the North Sulawesi Arm located at the triple junction in Eastern Indonesia. This subduction activity causes the North Arm of Sulawesi as an earthquake-prone area. Tectonic activities in the region can be studied through geodetic monitoring using GNSS GPS observations and by physical modelling from the rate of geodetic geometric results. Yearly GNSS GPS campaign have been conducted in the region from 1997 to 2008 and continuously observed by BIG from 2008 to 2016 using permanent GNSS GPS stasion. The coordinates of monitoring stations realized in ITRF-2008 provide residual RMS values of 3.13 mm, 4.15 mm and 7.26 mm for the northern, eastern and vertical components, where this indicates a high degree of accuracy. A simple estimation profile using GNSS GPS data based on the Okada elastic equation for the subduction zone shows a subduction movement ranging from 4 to 5 cm/yr with a locking depth of about 50 km, a dip 300 and ending in the post-seismic phase due to the sequence of earthquakes occurring in Minahasa since January 1, 1996 Mw 7.9 to 16 June 2002 Mw 5.9.

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Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 395, pg 1779, 2020)

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LANCET 2020年第10239期395卷 1762-1762页

作者： Reiner, R. C., Jr. Hay, S., I Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Public Health Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Biology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Microbiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Iran National Institute of Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and

SummaryBackgroundAcross low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. MethodsWe used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. FindingsThe greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1–65·8), 17·4% (7·7–28·4), and 59·5% (34·2–86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. InterpretationBy co-analysing geospatial trends in dia

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nsPEF-induced PIP₂ depletion, PLC activity and actin cytoskeletal cortex remodeling are responsible for post-exposure cellular swelling and blebbing

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Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports 2017年 9卷 36-41页

作者： Tolstykh, Gleb P. Thompson, Gary L. Beier, Hope T. Steelman, Zachary A. Ibey, Bennett L. General Dynamics Information Technology JBSA Fort Sam Houston TX United States Oak Ridge Institute for Science & Education JBSA Fort Sam Houston TX United States Air Force Research Laboratory 711th Human Performance Wing Airman Systems Directorate Bioeffects Division Optical Radiation Bioeffects Branch JBSA Fort Sam Houston TX United States Duke University Durham NC United States Air Force Research Laboratory 711th Human Performance Wing Airman Systems Directorate Bioeffects Division Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch JBSA Fort Sam Houston TX United States

Cell swelling and blebbing has been commonly observed following nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) exposure. The hypothesized origin of these effects is nanoporation of the plasma membrane (PM) followed by transmembrane diffusion of extracellular fluid and disassembly of cortical actin structures. This investigation will provide evidence that shows passive movement of fluid into the cell through nanopores and increase of intracellular osmotic pressure are not solely responsible for this observed phenomena. We demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂) depletion and hydrolysis are critical steps in the chain reaction leading to cellular blebbing and swelling. PIP₂ is heavily involved in osmoregulation by modulation of ion channels and also serves as an intracellular membrane anchor to cortical actin and phospholipase C (PLC). Given the rather critical role that PIP₂ depletion appears to play in the response of cells to nsPEF exposure, it remains unclear how its downstream effects and, specifically, ion channel regulation may contribute to cellular swelling, blebbing, and unknown mechanisms of the lasting “permeabilization” of the PM. © 2016 The Authors

关键词： Calcium Cellular swelling and blebbing Nanopores Nanosecond pulsed electric field PIP2 hydrolysis

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Roadmap on atomtronics: State of the art and perspective

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Amico, Luigi Boshier, M. Birkl, G. Minguzzi, A. Miniatura, C. Kwek, L.-C. Aghamalyan, D. Ahufinger, V. Anderson, D. Andrei, N. Arnold, A.S. Baker, M. Bell, T.A. Bland, T. Brantut, J.P. Cassettari, D. Chetcuti, W.J. Chevy, F. Citro, R. de Palo, S. Dumke, R. Edwards, M. Folman, R. Fortagh, J. Gardiner, S.A. Garraway, B.M. Gauthier, G. Günther, A. Haug, T. Hufnagel, C. Keil, M. Ireland, P. Lebrat, M. Li, W. Longchambon, L. Mompart, J. Morsch, O. Naldesi, P. Neely, T.W. Olshanii, M. Orignac, E. Pandey, S. Pérez-Obiol, A. Perrin, H. Piroli, L. Polo, J. Pritchard, A.L. Proukakis, N.P. Rylands, C. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H. Scazza, F. Stringari, S. Tosto, F. Trombettoni, A. Victorin, N. von Klitzing, W. Wilkowski, D. Xhani, K. Yakimenko, A. Quantum Research Centre Technology Innovation Institute Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 117543 Singapore LANEF'Chaire d'excellence' Universitè Grenoble-Alpes CNRS GrenobleF-38000 France MajuLab CNRS-UCA-SU-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit Singapore Physics Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Institut für Angewandte Physik Technische Universität Darmstadt Schlossgartenstr. 7 Darmstadt64289 Germany Univ. Grenoble-Alpes CNRS LPMMC GrenobleF-38000 France Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore117542 Singapore Division of Physics and Applied Physics Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore637371 Singapore Université Côte d'Azur CNRS INPHYNI Nice France Institute of Advanced Studies Nanyang Technological University 60 Nanyang View 639673 Singapore School of Information Systems Singapore Management University 81 Victoria Street 188065 Singapore Departament de Física Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Department of Physics JILA University of Colorado BoulderCO80309-0440 United States ColdQuanta Inc. 3030 Sterling Circle BoulderCO80301 United States Center for Materials Theory Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers University PiscatawayNJ08854 United States Department of Physics SUPA University of Strathclyde GlasgowG4 0NG United Kingdom ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems School of Mathematics and Physics University of Queensland BrisbaneQLD4072 Australia Durham-Newcastle School of Mathematics Statistics and Physics Newcastle University Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU United Kingdom Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Innsbruck Austria Institute of Physics EPFL Lausanne1015 Switzerland SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy University of St. Andrews North Haugh

Atomtronics deals with matter-wave circuits of ultra-cold atoms manipulated through magnetic or laser-generated guides with different shapes and intensities. In this way, new types of quantum networks can be constructed, in which coherent fluids are controlled with the know-how developed in the atomic and molecular physics community. In particular, quantum devices with enhanced precision, control and flexibility of their operating conditions can be accessed. Concomitantly, new quantum simulators and emulators harnessing on the coherent current flows can also be developed. Here, we survey the landscape of atomtronics-enabled quantum technology and draw a roadmap for the field in the near future. We review some of the latest progresses achieved in matterwave circuits design and atom-chips. Atomtronic networks are deployed as promising platforms for probing many-body physics with a new angle and a new twist. The latter can be done both at the level of equilibrium and non-equilibrium situations. Numerous relevant problems in mesoscopic physics, like persistent currents and quantum transport in circuits of fermionic or bosonic atoms, are studied through a new lens. We summarize some of the atomtronics quantum devices and sensors. Finally, we discuss alkali-earth and Rydberg atoms as potential platforms for the realization of atomtronic circuits with special features. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： technology transfer

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Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第10期8卷 e633-e651页

作者： Jahagirdar, Deepa Walters, Magdalene K. Novotney, Amanda Brewer, Edmond D. Frank, Tahvi D. Carter, Austin Biehl, Molly H. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E.S. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghababaei, Soodabeh Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Almustanyir, Sami Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Arulappan, Judie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Darshan, B.B. Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana Berheto, Tezera Moshago Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bisignano, Catherine Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Boltaev, Azizbek A. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Cao, Chao Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi das Neves, José Degenhardt, Louisa Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Deuba, Keshab Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dorostkar, Fariba Edinur, Hisham Atan Effiong, Andem Eftekharzadeh, Sahar El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Elayedath, Rajesh Elhadi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeones Columbia University Medical Center New York NY United States Division of Data Analytics and Delivery for Impact WHO Geneva Switzerland Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Botany Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur Kozhikode India Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mass Communication Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health-Care Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Population Medicine Ca

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was

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Author Correction: The European Reference Genome Atlas: piloting a decentralised approach to equitable biodiversity genomics

npj biodiversity

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npj biodiversity 2024年第1期3卷 31页

作者： Ann M Mc Cartney Giulio Formenti Alice Mouton Diego De Panis Luísa S Marins Henrique G Leitão Genevieve Diedericks Joseph Kirangwa Marco Morselli Judit Salces-Ortiz Nuria Escudero Alessio Iannucci Chiara Natali Hannes Svardal Rosa Fernández Tim De Pooter Geert Joris Mojca Strazisar Jonathan M D Wood Katie E Herron Ole Seehausen Phillip C Watts Felix Shaw Robert P Davey Alice Minotto José M Fernández Astrid Böhne Carla Alegria Tyler Alioto Paulo C Alves Isabel R Amorim Jean-Marc Aury Niclas Backstrom Petr Baldrian Laima Baltrunaite Endre Barta Bertrand BedHom Caroline Belser Johannes Bergsten Laurie Bertrand Helena Bilandija Mahesh Binzer-Panchal Iliana Bista Mark Blaxter Paulo A V Borges Guilherme Borges Dias Mirte Bosse Tom Brown Rémy Bruggmann Elena Buena-Atienza Josephine Burgin Elena Buzan Alessia Cariani Nicolas Casadei Matteo Chiara Sergio Chozas Fedor Čiampor Angelica Crottini Corinne Cruaud Fernando Cruz Love Dalen Alessio De Biase Javier Del Campo Teo Delic Alice B Dennis Martijn F L Derks Maria Angela Diroma Mihajla Djan Simone Duprat Klara Eleftheriadi Philine G D Feulner Jean-François Flot Giobbe Forni Bruno Fosso Pascal Fournier Christine Fournier-Chambrillon Toni Gabaldon Shilpa Garg Carmela Gissi Luca Giupponi Jessica Gomez-Garrido Josefa González Miguel L Grilo Björn Grüning Thomas Guerin Nadege Guiglielmoni Marta Gut Marcel P Haesler Christoph Hahn Balint Halpern Peter W Harrison Julia Heintz Maris Hindrikson Jacob Höglund Kerstin Howe Graham M Hughes Benjamin Istace Mark J Cock Franc Janžekovič Zophonias O Jonsson Sagane Joye-Dind Janne J Koskimäki Boris Krystufek Justyna Kubacka Heiner Kuhl Szilvia Kusza Karine Labadie Meri Lähteenaro Henrik Lantz Anton Lavrinienko Lucas Leclère Ricardo Jorge Lopes Ole Madsen Ghislaine Magdelenat Giulia Magoga Tereza Manousaki Tapio Mappes Joao Pedro Marques Gemma I Martinez Redondo Florian Maumus Shane A McCarthy Hendrik-Jan Megens Jose Melo-Ferreira Sofia L Mendes Matteo Montagna Joao Moreno Mai-Britt Mosbech Mónica Moura Zuzana Musilova Eugene Myers Will J N Genomics Institute University of California Santa Cruz CA USA. anmmccar@ucsc.edu. The Vertebrate Genome Laboratory The Rockefeller University New York NY USA. Department of Biology University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy. InBios-Conservation Genetics Laboratory University of Liege Liege Belgium. Leibniz Institut für Zoo und Wildtierforschung Berlin Germany. Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research Berlin Germany. Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium. Institute of Zoology University of Cologne Cologne Germany. Department of Chemistry Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma Parma Italy. Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Barcelona Spain. Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden The Netherlands. Neuromics Support Facility VIB Center for Molecular Neurology VIB Antwerp Belgium. Neuromics Support Facility Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium. Tree of Life Wellcome Sanger Institute Hinxton Cambridge UK. School of Biology and Environmental Science University College Dublin Belfield Ireland. Aquatic Ecology & Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland. Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution Eawag Kastanienbaum Switzerland. Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyvaskyla Jyvaskyla Finland. The Earlham Institute Norwich Research Park Norwich UK. Digital Science London UK. Barcelona Supercomputing Center Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute ELIXIR Spain Getafe Spain. Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change Museum Koenig Bonn Bonn Germany. CE3C-Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande Lisboa Portugal. Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG) Barcelona Spain. Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain. CIBIO C

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Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics (vol 587, pg 252, 2020)

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NATURE 2021年第7856期592卷 E24-E24页

作者： Feng, Shaohong Stiller, Josefin Deng, Yuan Armstrong, Joel Fang, Qi Reeve, Andrew Hart Xie, Duo Chen, Guangji Guo, Chunxue Faircloth, Brant C. Petersen, Bent Wang, Zongji Zhou, Qi Diekhans, Mark Chen, Wanjun Andreu-Sanchez, Sergio Margaryan, Ashot Howard, Jason Travis Parent, Carole Pacheco, George Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S. Puetz, Lara Cavill, Emily Ribeiro, Angela M. Eckhart, Leopold Fjeldsa, Jon Hosner, Peter A. Brumfield, Robb T. Christidis, Les Bertelsen, Mads F. Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Tietze, Dieter Thomas Robertson, Bruce C. Song, Gang Borgia, Gerald Claramunt, Santiago Lovette, Irby J. Cowen, Saul J. Njoroge, Peter Dumbacher, John Philip Ryder, Oliver A. Fuchs, Jerome Bunce, Michael Burt, David W. Cracraft, Joel Meng, Guanliang Hackett, Shannon J. Ryan, Peter G. Jonsson, Knud Andreas Jamieson, Ian G. da Fonseca, Rute R. Braun, Edward L. Houde, Peter Mirarab, Siavash Suh, Alexander Hansson, Bengt Ponnikas, Suvi Sigeman, Hanna Stervander, Martin Frandsen, Paul B. van der Zwan, Henriette van der Sluis, Rencia Visser, Carina Balakrishnan, Christopher N. Clark, Andrew G. Fitzpatrick, John W. Bowman, Reed Chen, Nancy Cloutier, Alison Sackton, Timothy B. Edwards, Scott V. Foote, Dustin J. Shakya, Subir B. Sheldon, Frederick H. Vignal, Alain Soares, Andre E. R. Shapiro, Beth Gonzalez-Solis, Jacob Ferrer-Obiol, Joan Rozas, Julio Riutort, Marta Tigano, Anna Friesen, Vicki Dalen, Love Urrutia, Araxi O. Szekely, Tamas Liu, Yang Campana, Michael G. Corvelo, Andre Fleischer, Robert C. Rutherford, Kim M. Gemmell, Neil J. Dussex, Nicolas Mouritsen, Henrik Thiele, Nadine Delmore, Kira Liedvogel, Miriam Franke, Andre Hoeppner, Marc P. Krone, Oliver Fudickar, Adam M. Mila, Borja Ketterson, Ellen D. Fidler, Andrew Eric Friis, Guillermo Parody-Merino, Angela M. Battley, Phil F. Cox, Murray P. Lima, Nicholas Costa Barroso Prosdocimi, Francisco Parchman, Thomas Lee Schlinger, Barney A. Loiselle, Bette A. Blake, John G. Lim, Haw Chuan Day, Lainy B. Fuxjager, Matthew J. Baldwin, Maude W. Braun, Michael J. Wirthlin, Morgan Dikow, China National GeneBank BGI-Shenzhen Shenzhen China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China BGI-Shenzhen Shenzhen China Villum Centre for Biodiversity Genomics Section for Ecology and Evolution Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark BGI Education Center University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences Hangzhou China UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute UC Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Center for Macroecology Evolution and Climate GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA Museum of Natural Science Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio) Faculty of Applied Sciences AIMST University Kedah Malaysia Section for Evolutionary Genomics The GLOBE Institute Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences Yerevan Armenia University Museum Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Center for Reproductive Medicine The 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Novogene Durham NC USA Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA The Rockefeller University New York NY USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Chevy Chase MD USA Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

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