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Authorship Correction: International Changes in COVID-19 Clinical Trajectories Across 315 Hospitals and 6 Countries: Retrospective Cohort Study

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Journal of medical Internet research 2021年第11期23卷 e34625页

作者： Griffin M Weber Harrison G Zhang Sehi L'Yi Clara-Lea Bonzel Chuan Hong Paul Avillach Alba Gutiérrez-Sacristán Nathan P Palmer Amelia Li Min Tan Xuan Wang William Yuan Nils Gehlenborg Anna Alloni Danilo F Amendola Antonio Bellasi Riccardo Bellazzi Michele Beraghi Mauro Bucalo Luca Chiovato Kelly Cho Arianna Dagliati Hossein Estiri Robert W Follett Noelia García Barrio David A Hanauer Darren W Henderson Yuk-Lam Ho John H Holmes Meghan R Hutch Ramakanth Kavuluru Katie Kirchoff Jeffrey G Klann Ashok K Krishnamurthy Trang T Le Molei Liu Ne Hooi Will Loh Sara Lozano-Zahonero Yuan Luo Sarah Maidlow Adeline Makoudjou Alberto Malovini Marcelo Roberto Martins Bertrand Moal Michele Morris Danielle L Mowery Shawn N Murphy Antoine Neuraz Kee Yuan Ngiam Marina P Okoshi Gilbert S Omenn Lav P Patel Miguel Pedrera Jiménez Robson A Prudente Malarkodi Jebathilagam Samayamuthu Fernando J Sanz Vidorreta Emily R Schriver Petra Schubert Pablo Serrano Balazote Byorn Wl Tan Suzana E Tanni Valentina Tibollo Shyam Visweswaran Kavishwar B Wagholikar Zongqi Xia Daniela Zöller Isaac S Kohane Tianxi Cai Andrew M South Gabriel A Brat Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States. BIOMERIS (BIOMedical Research Informatics Solutions) Pavia Italy. Clinical Research Unit Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University Botucatu Brazil. Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Lugano Switzerland. Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy. Information Technology Department Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale di Pavia Pavia Italy. Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS Pavia Italy. Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System Boston MA United States. Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy. Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA United States. Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States. Health Informatics Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain. Department of Learning Health Sciences University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI United States. Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Kentucky Lexington KY United States. Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA United States. Institute for Biomedical Informatics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA United States. Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL United States. Institute for Biomedical Informatics University of Kentucky Lexington KY United States. Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC United States. Department of Computer Science Renaissance Computing Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC United States. Departm

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/31400.].

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Efficient mining of class association rules with the itemset constraint

Efficient mining of class association rules with the itemset...

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作者： Nguyen, Dang Nguyen, Loan T.T. Vo, Bay Pedrycz, Witold Division of Data Science Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Division of Knowledge and System Engineering for ICT Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Faculty of Information Technology Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Faculty of Information Technology Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology Viet Nam College of Electronics and Information Engineering Sejong University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonABT6R 2V4 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland

Mining class association rules (CARs) with the itemset constraint is concerned with the discovery of rules, which contain a set of specific items in the rule antecedent and a class label in the rule consequent. This task is commonly encountered in mining medical data. For example, when classifying which section of the population is at high risk for the HIV infection, epidemiologists often concentrate on rules which include demographic information such as gender, age, and marital status in the rule antecedent, and HIV-Positive in the rule consequent. There are two naive strategies to solve this problem, namely pre-processing and post-processing. The post-processing methods have to generate and consider a huge number of candidate CARs while the performance of the pre-processing methods depend on the number of records filtered out. Therefore, such approaches are time consuming. This study proposes an efficient method for mining CARs with the itemset constraint based on a lattice structure and the difference between two sets of object identifiers (diffset). Firstly, a lattice structure is built to store all frequent itemsets in the dataset. To reduce memory usage, instead of the entire set of object identifiers, the diffset is used. Secondly, the lattice is traversed to generate only rules which satisfy the itemset constraint. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods in terms of both the mining time and memory usage. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data mining

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Publisher Correction: The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales

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Scientific data 2020年第1期7卷 11页

作者： Marcel Schweiker Amar Abdul-Zahra Maíra André Farah Al-Atrash Hanan Al-Khatri Rea Risky Alprianti Hayder Alsaad Rucha Amin Eleni Ampatzi Alpha Yacob Arsano Montazami Azadeh Elie Azar Bannazadeh Bahareh Amina Batagarawa Susanne Becker Carolina Buonocore Bin Cao Joon-Ho Choi Chungyoon Chun Hein Daanen Siti Aisyah Damiati Lyrian Daniel Renata De Vecchi Shivraj Dhaka Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo Edyta Dudkiewicz Lakshmi Prabha Edappilly Jesica Fernández-Agüera Mireille Folkerts Arjan Frijns Gabriel Gaona Vishal Garg Stephanie Gauthier Shahla Ghaffari Jabbari Djamila Harimi Runa T Hellwig Gesche M Huebner Quan Jin Mina Jowkar Renate Kania Jungsoo Kim Nelson King Boris Kingma M Donny Koerniawan Jakub Kolarik Shailendra Kumar Alison Kwok Roberto Lamberts Marta Laska M C Jeffrey Lee Yoonhee Lee Vanessa Lindermayr Mohammadbagher Mahaki Udochukwu Marcel-Okafor Laura Marín-Restrepo Anna Marquardsen Francesco Martellotta Jyotirmay Mathur Gráinne McGill Isabel Mino-Rodriguez Di Mou Bassam Moujalled Mia Nakajima Edward Ng Marcellinus Okafor Mark Olweny Wanlu Ouyang Ana Ligia Papst de Abreu Alexis Pérez-Fargallo Indrika Rajapaksha Greici Ramos Saif Rashid Christoph F Reinhart Ma Isabel Rivera Mazyar Salmanzadeh Karin Schakib-Ekbatan Stefano Schiavon Salman Shooshtarian Masanori Shukuya Veronica Soebarto Mohammad Tahsildoost Federico Tartarini Despoina Teli Priyam Tewari Samar Thapa Maureen Trebilcock Jörg Trojan Ruqayyatu B Tukur Conrad Voelker Yeung Yam Liu Yang Gabriela Zapata-Lancaster Yongchao Zhai Yingxin Zhu Zahra Sadat Zomorodian Building Science Group Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Englerstr. 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany. marcel.schweiker@kit.edu. WIN-Kolleg Thermal comfort and pain Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities Karlstr. 4 69117 Heidelberg Germany. marcel.schweiker@kit.edu. Mechanical Engineering Department University of Technology Iraq Al sinaea 10066 Baghdad Iraq. CTC/Department of Civil Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Rua João Pio Duarte Silva s/n. Córrego Grande 88.040-901 Florianópolis SC Brazil. School of Architecture and Built Environment German Jordanian University Darat Othman Bdeir 11180 Amman Jordan. Civil and Architectural Engineering Department Sultan Qaboos University Al-Khod P.O. Box: 33 PC: 123 Muscat Oman. Laboratory of Building Technology Department of Architecture Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesha 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia. Department of Building Physics Bauhaus-University Weimar Coudraystr. 11A 99423 Weimar Germany. Energy & Climate Change Group Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences University of Southampton University Road SO17 1BJ Southampton United Kingdom. Welsh School of Architecture Cardiff University King Edward VII Avenue CF10 3NB Cardiff United Kingdom. Department of Architecture Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Ave 02139 Cambridge United States of America. Faculty of Engineering Environment and Computing BNE Research Centre Coventry University Gulson road CV1 2JH Coventry United Kingdom. Industrial and Systems Engineering Khalifa University Masdar Campus Building 1B 54224 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates. Architecture University of Tehran Kish International Campus Niyayesh St. Mirmohanna Blvd 79416-55665 Kish Iran. Department of Architecture Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Samaru Zaria Nigeria. WIN-Kolleg Thermal comfort and pain Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities Karlstr. 4 69117 Heidelberg Germany. Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosci

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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A novel locomotion robot that slides and rotates on slippery downhill

A novel locomotion robot that slides and rotates on slippery...

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IEEE/ASME (AIM) International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics

作者： Fumihiko Asano Taiki Seino Isao Tokuda Yuji Harata School of Information Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi Ishikawa Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Shiga Japan Division of Mechanical Systems and Applied Mechanics Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781509020669

This paper proposes a novel locomotion robot that slides and rotates on a slippery downhill by utilizing the dynamical effect of an actively-controlled wobbling mass. First, we introduce a 4-DOF seedlike robot model that consists of two identical arc-shaped body frames and a short link, and develop the equation of motion, friction dynamics, and control law for generating a wobbling motion. Second, we numerically show that a stable downward motion can be generated based on the effect of entrainment to the wobbling motion at high frequencies on a slippery downhill. Third, we analyze the fundamental properties of the generated motion, such as moving speed and ground reaction force, through numerical simulations. Throughout this paper, we show that the robot's arc-shaped body frame can maintain kinetic energy or rotation motion without stopping on the high-frictional downhill, and that this property also enables the indirect control of the moving speed by utilizing the wobbling effect.

关键词： Force Mathematical model Friction Roads Robot kinematics Kinetic energy

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Study on the use of wearable devices to control objects in virtual reality

Study on the use of wearable devices to control objects in v...

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International Conference on Advanced Materials for science and Engineering (ICAMSE)

作者： Hsin-Fu Chien Nien-Tsu Hu Pu-Sheng Tsai Ter-Feng Wu Jen-Yang Chen Department of Information Management China University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Chemical Systems Research Division National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Electronic Engineering China University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Ilan University Yilan Taiwan Department of Electronic Engineering Ming Chuan University Taoyuan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781509038701

This study focuses on the design of a wearable inertial navigation device that is based on a MEMS chip and a Bluetooth wireless transmitting module and that uses the object-controlling technology of the Unity game engine to write a game script for a treasure hunt in an ancient Chinese virtual reality world. The wearable device proposed in this paper utilizes an ATmega168 chip as the main controller, which cooperates with a three-axis accelerometer and gyroscopic sensor to detect the forward, backward, and rotating movements of game players. The movement data are transmitted to the Unity 3D game engine using Bluetooth, and the game software can then control the first-person character. The interactive elements between reality and the virtual world combined as described in this paper can deliver a new experience to games, driving simulators, medical surgery, and even a variety of commercial situations. The experimental results show that the performance of the wearable device proposed by the study is stable. This paper was written with the hope that it may attract additional innovative applications that could change human lifestyles in the future.

关键词： Games Biomedical monitoring Three-dimensional displays Bluetooth Virtual reality Conferences Engines

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BRIGHT OPPORTUNITIES FOR ATMOSPHERIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SMALL PLANETS: MASSES AND RADII OF K2-3 B, C, D AND GJ3470 B FROM RADIAL VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS AND SPITZER TRANSITS

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Kosiarek, Molly R. Crossfield, Ian J.M. Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K. Livingston, John H. Benneke, Björn Blunt, Sarah Henry, Gregory W. Howard, Ward S. Berardo, David Fulton, Benjamin J. Hirsch, Lea A. Howard, Andrew W. Isaacson, Howard Petigura, Erik A. Sinukoff, Evan Weiss, Lauren Bonfils, X. Dressing, Courtney D. Knutson, Heather A. Schlieder, Joshua E. Werner, Michael Gorjian, Varoujan Krick, Jessica Morales, Farisa Y. Astudillo-Defru, Nicola Almenara, J.-M. Delfosse, X. Forveille, T. Lovis, C. Mayor, M. Murgas, F. Pepe, F. Santos, N.C. Udry, S. Corbett, H.T. Fors, Octavi Law, Nicholas M. Ratzloff, Jeffrey K. del Ser, Daniel Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa CruzCA95064 United States NSF Graduate Research Fellow Department of Physics Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Toledo ToledoOH43606 United States Department of Astronomy University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan JSPS Fellow Département de Physique Université de Montréal 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit MontrealQCH3T 1J4 Canada California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Center of Excellence in Information Systems Tennessee State University NashvilleTN37209 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC27599-3255 United States Texaco Fellow Astronomy Department University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Hubble Fellow Institute for Astronomy University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa HonoluluHI96822 United States Cahill Center for Astrophysics California Institute of Technology 1216 East California Boulevard PasadenaCA91125 United States University of Montreal MontrealQCH3T 1J4 Canada Trottier Fellow Univ. Grenoble Alpes CNRS IPAG Grenoble38000 France Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory Code 667 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD United States JPL/Caltech PasadenaCA91107 United States Spitzer Science Center CaltechCA91125 United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Drive PasadenaCA91109 United States Moorpark College 7075 Campus Rd MoorparkCA93021 United States California State University Northridge 18111 Nordhoff St NorthridgeCA91330 United States Observatoire de Genève Université de Genève 51 ch. des Maillettes Sauverny1290 Switz

We report improved masses, radii, and densities for four planets in two bright M-dwarf systems, K2-3 and GJ3470, derived from a combination of new radial velocity and transit observations. Supplementing K2 photometry with follow-up Spitzer transit observations refined the transit ephemerides of K2-3 b, c, and d by over a factor of 10. We analyze ground-based photometry from the Evryscope and Fairborn Observatory to determine the characteristic stellar activity timescales for our Gaussian Process fit, including the stellar rotation period and activity region decay timescale. The stellar rotation signals for both stars are evident in the radial velocity data and are included in our fit using a Gaussian process trained on the photometry. We find the masses of K2-3 b, K2-3 c and GJ3470 b to be 6.48+0−0..9993, 2.14+1−1..0804, and 12.58+1−1..3128 M⊕ respectively. K2-3 d was not significantly detected and has a 3σ upper limit of 2.80 M⊕. These two systems are training cases for future TESS systems;due to the low planet densities (ρ −3) and bright host stars (K Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Planets

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26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017) of the Organization for Computational Neuroscience Antwerp, Belgium, July 15-20, 2017

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BMC NEUROscience 2017年第SUPPL 1期18卷 59-59页

作者： [Anonymous] Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46032 USA Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46032 USA Department of Mathematics East Carolina University Greenville NC 27858 USA Jülich Supercomputing Centre Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany Future Systems Swiss National Supercomputing Centre 8092 Zurich Switzerland User Engagement and Support Swiss National Supercomputing Centre 6900 Lugano Switzerland Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Aix Marseille Univ 13005 Marseille France Simulation Lab Neuroscience Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany Department of Experimental Psychology Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging Radboud University 6525HR Nijmegen The Netherlands Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA Department of Otolaryngology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA INSERM U968 Paris France Sorbonne Universités UPMC University Paris 06 UMR_S 968 Institut de la Vision Paris France CNRS UMR_7210 Paris France Department of Computer Architecture and Technology University of Granada (CITIC) Granada Spain Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06 INSERM CNRS Institut de la Vision Paris France Department of Adaptive Machine Systems Osaka University Osaka Japan Department of Computer Science University of Cergy-Pontoise Cergy-Pontoise France Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Charleston Charleston SC 29424 USA School of Physics Faculty of Science University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Center of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function Australian Research Council Sydney Australia Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Saxony Lei

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Capacity-aware Cost-efficient Network Reconstruction for Post-Disaster Scenario

Capacity-aware Cost-efficient Network Reconstruction for Pos...

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IEEE Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications

作者： Xiaoyan Wang Hao Zhou Lei Zhong Yusheng Ji Kiyoshi Takano Shigeki Yamada Guoliang Xue Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division National Institute of Informatics Tokyo Japan School of Computer Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China Earthquake Research Institute The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering Arizona State University Tempe USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509032556

Natural disasters can result in severe damage to communication infrastructure, which leads to further chaos to the damaged area. After the disaster strikes, most of the victims would gather at the evacuation sites for food supplies and other necessities. Having a good communication network is very important to help the victims. In this paper, we aim at recovering the network from the still-alive mobile base stations to the out-of-service evacuation sites by using multi-hop relaying technique. We propose to reconstruct the post-disaster network in a capacity-aware way based on prize collecting Steiner tree. The purpose of the proposed scheme is to achieve high capacity connectivity ratio in a cost efficient way. To provide more accurate evaluation results, we evaluate the proposed scheme by using the real evacuation site and base station data in Tokyo area, and utilizing the big data analysis based post-disaster service availability model.

关键词： Base stations Relays Mobile communication Earthquakes Steiner trees Mobile computing Spread spectrum communication

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Publisher Correction: Multiancestry genome-wide association study of 520,000 subjects identifies 32 loci associated with stroke and stroke subtypes

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Nature genetics 2019年第7期51卷 1192-1193页

作者： Rainer Malik Ganesh Chauhan Matthew Traylor Muralidharan Sargurupremraj Yukinori Okada Aniket Mishra Loes Rutten-Jacobs Anne-Katrin Giese Sander W van der Laan Solveig Gretarsdottir Christopher D Anderson Michael Chong Hieab H H Adams Tetsuro Ago Peter Almgren Philippe Amouyel Hakan Ay Traci M Bartz Oscar R Benavente Steve Bevan Giorgio B Boncoraglio Robert D Brown Adam S Butterworth Caty Carrera Cara L Carty Daniel I Chasman Wei-Min Chen John W Cole Adolfo Correa Ioana Cotlarciuc Carlos Cruchaga John Danesh Paul I W de Bakker Anita L DeStefano Marcel den Hoed Qing Duan Stefan T Engelter Guido J Falcone Rebecca F Gottesman Raji P Grewal Vilmundur Gudnason Stefan Gustafsson Jeffrey Haessler Tamara B Harris Ahamad Hassan Aki S Havulinna Susan R Heckbert Elizabeth G Holliday George Howard Fang-Chi Hsu Hyacinth I Hyacinth M Arfan Ikram Erik Ingelsson Marguerite R Irvin Xueqiu Jian Jordi Jiménez-Conde Julie A Johnson J Wouter Jukema Masahiro Kanai Keith L Keene Brett M Kissela Dawn O Kleindorfer Charles Kooperberg Michiaki Kubo Leslie A Lange Carl D Langefeld Claudia Langenberg Lenore J Launer Jin-Moo Lee Robin Lemmens Didier Leys Cathryn M Lewis Wei-Yu Lin Arne G Lindgren Erik Lorentzen Patrik K Magnusson Jane Maguire Ani Manichaikul Patrick F McArdle James F Meschia Braxton D Mitchell Thomas H Mosley Michael A Nalls Toshiharu Ninomiya Martin J O'Donnell Bruce M Psaty Sara L Pulit Kristiina Rannikmäe Alexander P Reiner Kathryn M Rexrode Kenneth Rice Stephen S Rich Paul M Ridker Natalia S Rost Peter M Rothwell Jerome I Rotter Tatjana Rundek Ralph L Sacco Saori Sakaue Michele M Sale Veikko Salomaa Bishwa R Sapkota Reinhold Schmidt Carsten O Schmidt Ulf Schminke Pankaj Sharma Agnieszka Slowik Cathie L M Sudlow Christian Tanislav Turgut Tatlisumak Kent D Taylor Vincent N S Thijs Gudmar Thorleifsson Unnur Thorsteinsdottir Steffen Tiedt Stella Trompet Christophe Tzourio Cornelia M van Duijn Matthew Walters Nicholas J Wareham Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller James G Wilson Kerri L Wiggins Qiong Yang Salim Yusuf Joshua C Bis Tomi Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany. Centre for Brain Research Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India. INSERM U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France. Stroke Research Group Division of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Neurology Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease Bordeaux University Hospital Bordeaux France. Laboratory for Statistical Analysis RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan. Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan. Laboratory of Statistical Immunology Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC) Osaka University Suita Japan. Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology Department of Cardiology Division of Heart and Lungs University Medical Center Utrecht University of Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands. deCODE genetics/AMGEN Inc. Reykjavik Iceland. Center for Genomic Medicine MGH Boston MA USA. J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center Department of Neurology MGH Boston MA USA. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute Cambridge MA USA. Population Health Research Institute McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada. Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands. Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan. Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Malmö Sweden. INSERM Institut Pasteur de Lille LabEx DISTALZ-UMR1167 Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases Université Lille Lille France. Centre Hospitalier Université Lille Epidemiology and Public Health D

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Comparison of Nonlinear Local Lyapunov Vectors with Bred Vectors, Random Perturbations and Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter Strategies in a Barotropic Model

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2016年第9期33卷 1036-1046页

作者： Jie FENG Ruiqiang DING Jianping LI Deqiang LIU State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049 Global Systems Division Earth System Research Laboratory/Oceanic and Atmospheric Research/National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationBoulderCO80305USA Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225 College of Global Change and Earth System Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875 Joint Center for Global Change Studies Beijing 100875 Fujian Meteorological Observatory Fuzhou 350001

The breeding method has been widely used to generate ensemble perturbations in ensemble forecasting due to its simple concept and low computational cost. This method produces the fastest growing perturbation modes to catch the growing components in analysis errors. However, the bred vectors （BVs） are evolved on the same dynamical flow, which may increase the dependence of perturbations. In contrast, the nonlinear local Lyapunov vector （NLLV） scheme generates flow-dependent perturbations as in the breeding method, but regularly conducts the Gram-Schmidt reorthonormalization processes on the perturbations. The resulting NLLVs span the fast-growing perturbation subspace efficiently, and thus may grasp more com- ponents in analysis errors than the BVs. In this paper, the NLLVs are employed to generate initial ensemble perturbations in a barotropic quasi-geostrophic model. The performances of the ensemble forecasts of the NLLV method are systematically compared to those of the random pertur- bation （RP） technique, and the BV method, as well as its improved version--the ensemble transform Kalman filter （ETKF） method. The results demonstrate that the RP technique has the worst performance in ensemble forecasts, which indicates the importance of a flow-dependent initialization scheme. The ensemble perturbation subspaces of the NLLV and ETKF methods are preliminarily shown to catch similar components of analysis errors, which exceed that of the BVs. However, the NLLV scheme demonstrates slightly higher ensemble forecast skill than the ETKF scheme. In addition, the NLLV scheme involves a significantly simpler algorithm and less computation time than the ETKF method, and both demonstrate better ensemble forecast skill than the BV scheme.

关键词： ensemble forecasting bred vector nonlinear local Lyapunov vector ensemble transform Kalman filter

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