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Optimalization of enzymatic degradation on oil palm leaves hemicellulose

AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2679卷

作者： Anita Kurniati Ni Nyoman Purwani Galih Ayhusta Laras Rohmawati Ali Rohman Afaf Baktir Hery Suwito Kazuo Sakka Makiko Sakka Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih 1Mathematics and Natural Science Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Kampus C Universitas Airlangga Mulyorejo Surabaya East Jawa 60115 Indonesia 3University-CoE-Research Centre for Bio-Molecule Engineering 2nd Floor ITD Building Kampus C Universitas Airlangga Mulyorejo Surabaya East Java 60115 Indonesia 4Department of Health Faculty of Vocational Studies Kampus B Universitas Airlangga Surabaya East Java 60286 Indonesia 2Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Kampus C Universitas Airlangga Mulyorejo Surabaya East Java 60115 Indonesia 5Applied Microbiology Laboratory Graduate School of Bioresource Mie University 1577 Khurimamachiya-cho Tsu 514-8507 Japan

Indonesia is the largest country of oil palm production in the world. The oil palm by-product is still containing almost 80% of carbohydrates, such as cellulose and hemicellulose. This study aimed to optimize the enzymatic degradation of oil palm leaves in order to achieve zero waste of oil palm biomass by-product. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was used to isolate hemicellulose extraction from oil palm leaves. Various concentrations of NaOH such as 2 M, 2.5 M, 3 M, 3.5 M and 4 M and the reflux times of 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours were used to optimize hemicellulose extraction. The optimum condition for hemicellulose extraction was 3 M NaOH and reflux time was 6 hours, while the yield at that condition was 48.94 % (w/w). The extracted hemicellulose is then hydrolyzed by a xylanolytic enzyme from recombinant Escherichia coli DH5α (namely pTP510). Temperatures of incubation were varied 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C for 24 hours at pH 6. The hydrolysis result was analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Xylose was produced at an optimum temperature of 60°C (120.231 ppm), arabinose at 50°C (26.265 ppm) whereas xylo-oligosaccharide at 50°C (280.465 ppm).

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Proceedings from the IV Brazilian Meeting on Research Integrity, science and Publication Ethics (IV BRISPE)

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Research Integrity and Peer Review 2017年第1期2卷 1-12页

作者： Sonia Vasconcelos Edson Watanabe L. P. Garcia E. Duarte M. C. Cassimiro M. M. P. Diós-Borges A. M. M. Soares C. H. Debenedito Silva A. A. P. Santa Rosa G. A. Fófano H. S. Pinheiro A. M. Gollner C. C. Santos S. M. R. Vasconcelos D. C. Machado P. V. S. Souza R. T. Souza M. D Ribeiro P. Biancovilli M. Fontes-Domingues V. C. Garbocci R. Neves M. D. Ribeiro R. Amaral M. M. M. Machado P. M. Lourenço V. Ronchi A. C. Furnival L. S. Gracioso M. D. P. Silva F. M. Litto M. Patrão Neves A. S. Carvalho J. Araújo S. Liskauskas R. Kant de Lima S. C. Bourguignon F. R. Mota H. G. Falcão J. C. Amaral A. C. Quintela A. Schtscherbyna A. Palma C. A. Guimarães D. Foguel E. H. Watanabe R. M. V. R. Almeida J. R. Lapa e Silva M. M. Sorenson B. C. Machado A. P. Vicentini A. A. B. Almodóvar R. M. Catarino H. H. Caiaffa Filho E. Damasio J. Leta L. V. R. Rezende S. Cruz-Riascos A. Abreu M. Russo P. G. Camacho M. Palácios N. R. A. Silva M. R. C. G. Novaes D. Guilhem H. S Selistre-de-Araujo A. S. C. Abreu Science Education Program Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Committee on Research Integrity (CRI) Advisory Council for Research Ethics (CTEP) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Electrical Engineering Program (PEE) Institute Alberto Luiz Coimbra of Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA) Brasília Federal District Brazil Secretary for Health Surveillance Ministry of Health Brasília Federal District Brazil Scientific Integrity Committee Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC/FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Scientific Integrity Committee Oswaldo Cruz Institute Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IOC/FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Bioethics Institute Catholic University of Portugal Porto Portugal Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil National Cancer Institute (INCA) Cancer Hospital IV - Ethics Committee for Clinical Research Rio de Janeiro Brazil Federal General Hospital of Bonsucesso Rio de Janeiro Brazil Human Research Ethics Committee University Hospital of Juiz de Fora (HU-UJFJ) Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil Faculty of Southeastern Minas Gerais (FACSUM) Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil São Pedro Educational Institute (IESPe) Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil University Hospital of Juiz de Fora (HU-UJFJ) Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil Department of Biology and Sciences Pedro II School Rio de Janeiro Brazil Science Education Program Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IBqM/UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Professional Masters Program in Science Education Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Research Ethics Committee Clementino Fraga Filho University Hos

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The 230 GHz Variability of Numerical Models of Sagittarius A* I. Parameter Surveys on Varying Ion-electron Temperature Ratios Under Strongly Magnetized Conditions

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Chan, Ho-Sang Chan, Chi-Kwan Prather, Ben S. Wong, George N. Gammie, Charles Department of Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong N.T. Shatin Hong Kong JILA University of Colorado National Institute of Standards and Technology 440 UCB BoulderCO80309-0440 United States Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences University of Colorado 391 UCB BoulderCO80309 United States Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 North Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States Los Alamos National Lab Los AlamosNM87545 United States School of Natural Sciences Institute for Advanced Study 1 Einstein Drive PrincetonNJ08540 United States Princeton Gravity Initiative Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Astronomy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1002 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1205 W. Clark St. UrbanaIL61801 United States Illinois Center for the Advanced Study of the Universe University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1110 West Green St. UrbanaIL61801 United States

The 230 GHz lightcurves of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) predicted by general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) and ray-tracing (GRRT) models in Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration et al. (2022) have higher variability M∆T compared to observations. In this series of papers, we explore the origin of such large brightness variability. In this first paper, we performed large GRRT parameter surveys that span from the optically thin to the optically thick regimes, covering the ion-electron temperature ratio under strongly magnetized conditions, RLow, from 1 to 60. We find that increasing RLow can lead to either an increase or a reduction in M∆T depending on other model parameters, making it consistent with the observed variability of Sgr A* in some cases. Our analysis of GRRT image snapshots finds that the major contribution to the large M∆T for the RLow = 1 models comes from the photon rings. However, secondary contributions from the accretion flow are also visible depending on the spin parameter. Our work demonstrates the importance of the electron temperature used for modelling radiatively inefficient accretion flows and places new constraints on the ion-electron temperature ratio. A more in-depth analysis for understanding the dependencies of M∆T on RLow will be performed in subsequent papers. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Black holes

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Rotation in Event Horizon Telescope Movies

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Conroy, Nicholas S. Bauböck, Michi Dhruv, Vedant Lee, Daeyoung Broderick, Avery E. Chan, Chi-Kwan Georgiev, Boris Joshi, Abhishek V. Prather, Ben Gammie, Charles F. Department of Astronomy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1002 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Illinois Center for the Advanced Study of the Universe University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1110 West Green St. UrbanaIL61801 United States Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street North WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States Los Alamos National Lab Los AlamosNM87545 United States NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1205 W. Clark St. UrbanaIL61801 United States

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has produced images of M87* and Sagittarius A*, and will soon produce time sequences of images, or movies. In anticipation of this, we describe a technique to measure the rotation rate, or pattern speed Ωp, from movies using an autocorrelation technique. We validate the technique on Gaussian random field models with a known rotation rate and apply it to a library of synthetic images of Sgr A* based on general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations. We predict that EHT movies will have Ωp ≈ 1◦ per GMc−3, which is of order 15% of the Keplerian orbital frequency in the emitting region. We can plausibly attribute the slow rotation seen in our models to the pattern speed of inward-propagating spiral shocks. We also find that Ωp depends strongly on inclination. Application of this technique will enable us to compare future EHT movies with the clockwise rotation of Sgr A* seen in near-infrared flares by GRAVITY. Pattern speed analysis of future EHT observations of M87* and Sgr A* may also provide novel constraints on black hole inclination and spin, as well as an independent measurement of black hole mass. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Black holes

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Investigating the Nature of the Luminous Ambiguous Nuclear Transient ASASSN-17jz

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Holoien, Thomas W.-S. Neustadt, Jack M.M. Vallely, Patrick J. Auchettl, Katie Hinkle, Jason T. Romero-Cañizales, Cristina Shappee, Benjamin J. Kochanek, Christopher S. Stanek, K.Z. Chen, Ping Dong, Subo Prieto, Jose L. Thompson, Todd A. Brink, Thomas G. Filippenko, Alexei V. Zheng, Weikang Bersier, David Bose, Subhash Burgasser, Adam J. Channa, Sanyum De Jaeger, Thomas Hestenes, Julia Im, Myungshin Jeffers, Benjamin Jun, Hyunsung D. Lansbury, George Post, Richard S. Ross, Timothy W. Stern, Daniel Tang, Kevin Tucker, Michael A. Valenti, Stefano Yunus, Sameen Zhang, Keto D. The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science 813 Santa Barbara St. PasadenaCA91101 United States Department of Astronomy The Ohio State University 140 West 18th Avenue ColumbusOH43210 United States School of Physics The University of Melbourne ParkvilleVIC3010 Australia Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa CruzCA95064 United States Institute for Astronomy University of Hawai'i 2680 Woodlawn Drive HonoluluHI96822 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan The Ohio State University 191 W. Woodruff Ave. ColumbusOH43210 United States Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Yi He Yuan Road 5 Hai Dian District Beijing100871 China Núcleo de Astronomía de la Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Universidad Diego Portales Av. Ejército 441 Santiago Chile Millennium Institute of Astrophysics Santiago Chile Department of Astronomy University of California BerkeleyCA94720-3411 United States Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Astrophysics Research Institute Liverpool John Moores University 146 Brownlow Hill LiverpoolL3 5RF United Kingdom Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New YorkNY10027-6623 United States SNU Astronomy Research Center Astronomy Program Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of School of Physics Korea Institute for Advanced Study 85 Hoegiro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul02455 Korea Republic of European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2 GarchingD-85748 Germany Post Observatory LexingtonMA02421 United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oa

We present observations of the extremely luminous but ambiguous nuclear transient (ANT) ASASSN-17jz, spanning roughly 1200 days of the object's evolution. ASASSN-17jz was discovered by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) in the galaxy SDSS J171955.84+414049.4 on UT 2017 July 27 at a redshift of z = 0:1641. The transient peaked at an absolute B-band magnitude of MB,peak=-22:81, corresponding to a bolometric luminosity of Lbol,peak= 8.3×1044erg s-1, and exhibited late-time ultraviolet emission that was still ongoing in our latest observations. Integrating the full light curve gives a total emitted energy of Etot= (1.36±0.08)×1052erg, with (0.80±0.02)×1052erg of this emitted within 200 days of peak light. This late-time ultraviolet emission is accompanied by increasing X-ray emission that becomes softer as it brightens. ASASSN-17jz exhibited a large number of spectral emission lines most commonly seen in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with little evidence of evolution. It also showed transient Balmer features which became fainter and broader over time, and are still being detected > 1000 days after peak brightness. We consider various physical scenarios for the origin of the transient, including supernovae (SNe), tidal disruption events (TDEs), AGN outbursts, and ANTs. We find that the most likely explanation is that ASASSN-17jz was an SN IIn occurring in or near the disk of an existing AGN, and that the late-time emission is caused by the AGN transitioning to a more active state. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supernovae

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Characterising acute and chronic care needs: insights from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

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Nature communications 2025年第1期16卷 4235-4235页

作者： Cecilia Anza-Ramirez J. Jaime Miranda Benedetta Armocida Jorge César Correia Harriette Gillian Christine Van Spall David Beran Amirali Aali Kalkidan Hassen Abate Semagn Mekonnen Abate Cristiana Abbafati Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari Zahra Aryan Sina Azadnajafabad Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari Mohammad Keykhaei Javad Khanali Sara Momtazmanesh Fateme Montazeri Shayan Rahmani Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi Nazila Rezaei Negar Rezaei Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam Ali-Asghar Kolahi Ali Nikoobar Hedayat Abbastabar Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem Michael Abdelmasseh Juan Sanabria Sherief Abd-Elsalam Ahmed Abdelwahab Gholamreza Abdoli Mohammad Abdollahi Meriem Abdoun Deldar Morad Abdulah Abu Yousuf Md Abdullah Ame Mehadi Abdurehman Getachew Abebe Aidin Abedi Chirag P. Doshi Vida Abedi Hassan Abidi Richard Gyan Aboagye Hassan Abolhassani Nima Rezaei Lucas Guimarães Abreu Michael R. M. Abrigo Yonas Derso Abtew Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu-Gharbieh Hiba Jawdat Barqawi Rabih Halwani Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad Iman M. Talaat Ahmed Abu-Zaid Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi Juan Manuel Acuna Denberu Eshetie Adane Tigist Demssew Adane Isaac Yeboah Addo Giovanni Addolorato Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo Victor Adekanmbi Miracle Ayomikun Adesina Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa Olatunji O. Adetokunboh Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi Muhammad Sohail Afzal Saira Afzal Gina Agarwal Prerna Agarwal Pradyumna Agasthi Anurag Agrawal Marcela Agudelo-Botero Adolfo Martinez-Valle Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Aqeel Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Sohail Ahmad Tauseef Ahmad Ali Ahmadi Siamak Sabour Keivan Ahmadi Sanjay Basu Sepideh Ahmadi Ali Ahmed Shaun Wen Huey Lee Ayman Ahmed Haroon Ahmed Jivan Qasim Ahmed Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib Yahya Yahya Luai A. Ahmed Iffat Elbarazi Syed Mahboob Shah Janardhana P. Aithala Marjan Ajami Budi Aji Hossein Akbarialiabad Yibeltal Akelew Meisam Akhlaghdoust Elham Jamshidi Addis Aklilu Azene Tesfaye Melat Woldemariam Maxwell Ak CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru School of Medicine Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru Sydney School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Department of Cardiovascular Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy Division of Endocrinology Diabetology Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education Department of Medicine Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research Evidence and Impact McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton ON Canada Population Health Research Institute Hamilton Canada Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia Anesthesiology Department Dilla University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard University Boston MA USA Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Chapter of Addiction Medicine University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Advanced Diagnostic and Intervent

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care addresses short-term conditions. Chronic conditions increasingly strain health systems, which are often unprepared for these demands. This study examines the burden of conditions requiring acute versus chronic care, including sequelae. Conditions and sequelae from the Global Burden of Diseases study 2019 were classified into acute or chronic care categories. Data were analysed by age, sex, and socio-demographic index, presenting total numbers and contributions to burden metrics such as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and Years of Life Lost (YLL). Approximately 68% of DALYs were attributed to chronic care, while 27% were due to acute care. Chronic care needs increased with age, representing 86% of YLDs and 71% of YLLs, and accounting for 93% of YLDs from sequelae. These findings highlight that chronic care needs far exceed acute care needs globally, necessitating health systems to adapt accordingly. © 2025. The Author(s).

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INTRODUCTION

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S1-S11页

作者： Boyer, T. Blunden, J. Dunn, R.J.H. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN São Paulo Brazil Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Hampton University Hampton Virginia Seychelles Meteorological Authority Mahe Seychelles Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú Lima Perú Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department o

In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A

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26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017) of the Organization for Computational Neuroscience Antwerp, Belgium, July 15-20, 2017

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BMC NEUROscience 2017年第SUPPL 1期18卷 59-59页

作者： [Anonymous] Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46032 USA Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46032 USA Department of Mathematics East Carolina University Greenville NC 27858 USA Jülich Supercomputing Centre Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany Future Systems Swiss National Supercomputing Centre 8092 Zurich Switzerland User Engagement and Support Swiss National Supercomputing Centre 6900 Lugano Switzerland Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes Aix Marseille Univ 13005 Marseille France Simulation Lab Neuroscience Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany Department of Experimental Psychology Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging Radboud University 6525HR Nijmegen The Netherlands Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA Department of Otolaryngology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA INSERM U968 Paris France Sorbonne Universités UPMC University Paris 06 UMR_S 968 Institut de la Vision Paris France CNRS UMR_7210 Paris France Department of Computer Architecture and Technology University of Granada (CITIC) Granada Spain Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06 INSERM CNRS Institut de la Vision Paris France Department of Adaptive Machine Systems Osaka University Osaka Japan Department of Computer Science University of Cergy-Pontoise Cergy-Pontoise France Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Charleston Charleston SC 29424 USA School of Physics Faculty of Science University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Center of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function Australian Research Council Sydney Australia Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Saxony Lei

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Search for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars in the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run

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Astrophysical Journal 2025年第2期983卷 99-99页

作者： Abac, A.G. Abbott, R. Abouelfettouh, I. Acernese, F. Ackley, K. Adhicary, S. Adhikari, N. Adhikari, R.X. Adkins, V.K. Agarwal, D. Agathos, M. Aghaei Abchouyeh, M. Aguiar, O.D. Aguilar, I. Aiello, L. Ain, A. Ajith, P. Akutsu, T. Albanesi, S. Alfaidi, R.A. Al-Jodah, A. Alléné, C. Allocca, A. Al-Shammari, S. Altin, P.A. Alvarez-Lopez, S. Amato, A. Amez-Droz, L. Amorosi, A. Amra, C. Ananyeva, A. Anderson, S.B. Anderson, W.G. Andia, M. Ando, M. Andrade, T. Andres, N. Andrés-Carcasona, M. Andrić, T. Anglin, J. Ansoldi, S. Antelis, J.M. Antier, S. Aoumi, M. Appavuravther, E.Z. Appert, S. Apple, S.K. Arai, K. Araya, A. Araya, M.C. Areeda, J.S. Argianas, L. Aritomi, N. Armato, F. Arnaud, N. Arogeti, M. Aronson, S.M. Ashton, G. Aso, Y. Assiduo, M. Assis de Souza Melo, S. Aston, S.M. Astone, P. Attadio, F. Aubin, F. AultONeal, K. Avallone, G. Babak, S. Badaracco, F. Badger, C. Bae, S. Bagnasco, S. Bagui, E. Baier, J.G. Baiotti, L. Bajpai, R. Baka, T. Ball, M. Ballardin, G. Ballmer, S.W. Banagiri, S. Banerjee, B. Bankar, D. Baral, P. Barayoga, J.C. Barish, B.C. Barker, D. Barneo, P. Barone, F. Barr, B. Barsotti, L. Barsuglia, M. Barta, D. Bartoletti, A.M. Barton, M.A. Bartos, I. Basak, S. Basalaev, A. Bassiri, R. Basti, A. Bates, D.E. Bawaj, M. Baxi, P. Bayley, J.C. Baylor, A.C. Baynard, P.A. Bazzan, M. Bedakihale, V.M. Beirnaert, F. Bejger, M. Belardinelli, D. Bell, A.S. Benedetto, V. Benoit, W. Bentley, J.D. Ben Yaala, M. Bera, S. Berbel, M. Bergamin, F. Berger, B.K. Bernuzzi, S. Beroiz, M. Bersanetti, D. Bertolini, A. Betzwieser, J. Beveridge, D. Bevins, N. Bhandare, R. Bhardwaj, U. Bhatt, R. Bhattacharjee, D. Bhaumik, S. Bhowmick, S. Bianchi, A. Bilenko, I.A. Billingsley, G. Binetti, A. Bini, S. Birnholtz, O. Biscoveanu, S. Bisht, A. Bitossi, M. Bizouard, M.-A. Blackburn, J.K. Blagg, L.A. Blair, C.D. Blair, D.G. Bobba, F. Bode, N. Boileau, G. Boldrini, M. Bolingbroke, G.N. Bolliand, A. Bonavena, L.D. Bondarescu, R. Bondu, F. Bonilla, E. Bonilla, M.S. Bonino, A. Bonnand, R. Booker, P. Borchers, A. Boschi, V. Bose, S. Boss Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) Potsdam D-14476 Germany LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena 91125 CA United States LIGO Hanford Observatory Richland 99352 WA United States Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno Fisciano Salerno I-84084 Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Napoli I-80126 Italy University of Warwick Coventry CV 47AL United Kingdom The Pennsylvania State University University Park 16802 PA United States University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee 53201 WI United States Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA United States Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348 Belgium Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy Sejong University 209 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-747 South Korea Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São José dos Campos São Paulo 12227-010 Brazil Stanford University Stanford 94305 CA United States Università di Roma Tor Vergata Roma I-00133 Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata Roma I-00133 Italy Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen 2000 Belgium International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan INFN Sezione di Torino Torino I-10125 Italy Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Jena D-07743 Germany Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Torino Torino I-10125 Italy SUPA University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ United Kingdom OzGrav University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 WA

Continuous gravitational waves (CWs) emission from neutron stars carries information about their internal structure and equation of state, and it can provide tests of general relativity. We present a search for CWs from a set of 45 known pulsars in the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run, known as O4a. We conducted a targeted search for each pulsar using three independent analysis methods considering single-harmonic and dual-harmonic emission models. We find no evidence of a CW signal in O4a data for both models and set upper limits on the signal amplitude and on the ellipticity, which quantifies the asymmetry in the neutron star mass distribution. For the single-harmonic emission model, 29 targets have the upper limit on the amplitude below the theoretical spin-down limit. The lowest upper limit on the amplitude is 6.4 × 10^-27 for the young energetic pulsar J0537-6910, while the lowest constraint on the ellipticity is 8.8 × 10^-9 for the bright nearby millisecond pulsar J0437-4715. Additionally, for a subset of 16 targets, we performed a narrowband search that is more robust regarding the emission model, with no evidence of a signal. We also found no evidence of nonstandard polarizations as predicted by the Brans-Dicke theory. © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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The Black Hole Explorer: Motivation and Vision

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Johnson, Michael D. Akiyama, Kazunori Baturin, Rebecca Bilyeu, Bryan Blackburn, Lindy Boroson, Don Cárdenas-Avendaño, Alejandro Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-Kwan Chang, Dominic Cheimets, Peter Chou, Cathy Doeleman, Sheperd S. Farah, Joseph Galison, Peter Gamble, Ronald Gammie, Charles F. Gelles, Zachary Gómez, José L. Gralla, Samuel E. Grimes, Paul Gurvits, Leonid I. Hadar, Shahar Haworth, Kari Hada, Kazuhiro Hecht, Michael H. Honma, Mareki Houston, Janice Hudson, Ben Issaoun, Sara Jia, He Jorstad, Svetlana Kauffmann, Jens Kovalev, Yuri Y. Kurczynski, Peter Lafon, Robert Lupsasca, Alexandru Lehmensiek, Robert Ma, Chung-Pei Marrone, Daniel P. Marscher, Alan P. Melnick, Gary J. Narayan, Ramesh Niinuma, Kotaro Noble, Scott C. Palmer, Eric J. Palumbo, Daniel C.M. Paritsky, Lenny Peretz, Eliad Pesce, Dominic Plavin, Alexander Quataert, Eliot Rana, Hannah Ricarte, Angelo Roelofs, Freek Shtyrkova, Katia Sinclair, Laura C. Small, Jeffrey Kumara, Sridharan Tirupati Srinivasan, Ranjani Strominger, Andrew Tiede, Paul Tong, Edward Wang, Jade Weintroub, Jonathan Wielgus, Maciek Wong, George Zhang, Xinyue Alice Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Haystack Observatory Massachusetts Institute of Technology WestfordMA01886 United States Mizusawa VLBI Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Iwate023-0861 Japan MIT Lincoln Laboratory LexingtonMA02421 United States Princeton Gravity Initiative Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Steward Observatory and Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States Las Cumbres Observatory 6740 Cortona Drive GoletaCA93117-5575 United States Department of Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106-9530 United States Department of History of Science Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States Departments of Astronomy and of Physics University of Illinois UrbanaIL61801 United States Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Department of Physics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85719 United States Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC Dwingeloo7991PD Netherlands Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft2629 HS Netherlands Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Haifa at Oranim Kiryat Tivon3600600 Israel Haifa Research Center for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics University of Haifa Haifa3498838 Israel 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-

We present the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX), a mission that will produce the sharpest images in the history of astronomy by extending submillimeter Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) to space. BHEX will discover and measure the bright and narrow "photon ring" that is predicted to exist in images of black holes, produced from light that has orbited the black hole before escaping. This discovery will expose universal features of a black hole's spacetime that are distinct from the complex astrophysics of the emitting plasma, allowing the first direct measurements of a supermassive black hole's spin. In addition to studying the properties of the nearby supermassive black holes M87*and Sgr A*, BHEX will measure the properties of dozens of additional supermassive black holes, providing crucial insights into the processes that drive their creation and growth. BHEX will also connect these supermassive black holes to their relativistic jets, elucidating the power source for the brightest and most efficient engines in the universe. BHEX will address fundamental open questions in the physics and astrophysics of black holes that cannot be answered without submillimeter space VLBI. The mission is enabled by recent technological breakthroughs, including the development of ultra-high-speed downlink using laser communications, and it leverages billions of dollars of existing ground infrastructure. We present the motivation for BHEX, its science goals and associated requirements, and the pathway to launch within the next decade. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Photons

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