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Shaping sacredness by unveiling the impact of lighting in a church environment: Comparing observations in real space and virtual reality

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Building and Environment 2025年 279卷

作者： Mandala, Ari Ani Koerniawan, M. Donny Indraprastha, Aswin Mangkuto, Rizki Armanto Wonorahardjo, Surjamanto Doctoral Program Department of Architecture SAPPK Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No.10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Universitas Katolik Parahyangan Jl. Ciumbuleuit no. 94 Bandung40141 Indonesia Building Technology Research Group SAPPK Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No.10 Bandung40132 Indonesia Built Environment Performance Engineering Research Group Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No.10 Bandung40132 Indonesia

Light is a fundamental element in worship space design, shaping sacredness through visual perceptions of clarity, comfort, and experience. St. Peter's Cathedral in Bandung was studied in physical spaces and virtual reality (VR) under three light scenarios: daytime with natural light, afternoon with combined light, and night-time using artificial light. Data were collected via high dynamic range (HDR) imaging analysed with Aftab Alpha software, questionnaires, and physiological measurements. Eighteen participants experienced the cathedral physically, while 20 observed 360° images in VR. Heart rate and brain waves were recorded during the VR sessions. Both groups reported similar emotional and monumental experiences, confirming VR's potential to replicate sacred atmospheres. However, dynamic daylight in real space, HDR image used, and display technology in VR may cause perceptual differences in visual clarity and comfort across settings. The sacred experience is shaped by two emotional dimensions: upliftment and suffering. Colourful light and a non-uniform distribution, particularly from stained glass, are effective in creating emotional uplift by evoking wonder and deep emotional engagement. Warm and dim lights can contribute to both emotions by inducing contemplation and a sense of vulnerability. Balanced lighting that considers both clarity and comfort is essential for achieving a full emotional spectrum. Physiological responses, such as elevated heart rates and specific brain wave patterns offer valuable insights into spiritual effects of light, supporting deeper exploration of sacred experiences through measureable data. © 2025

关键词： Stained glass

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Generative systems in design

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AI EDAM-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING 1999年第4期13卷 239-240页

作者： Emdanat, S Stiny, G Vakaló, EG Univ Michigan Doctoral Program Architecture Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA MIT Dept Architecture Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Generative research in design investigates compact representations that facilitate the rapid exploration of large design spaces. It includes among other things: rule-based systems, feature structures, and genetic algorithms. Generative systems are being applied to a variety of design problems from various disciplines including engineering, product design, and architecture. The objective is to further our understanding of the design operations and manipulations to create systems that better support the designers' activity.

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ENERGY-EFFICIENT URBAN DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR WARM-HUMID CITIES - STRATEGIES FOR COLOMBO, SRI-LANKA

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JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING RESEARCH 1995年第1期12卷 58-79页

作者： EMMANUEL, R UNIV MICHIGAN COLL ARCHITECTURE & URBAN PLANNINGCOLL ARCHITECTUREDOCTORAL PROGRAM ARCHITECTUREANN ARBORMI 48109 USA

This paper develops a set of energy-efficient urban design guidelines for an equatorial tropical city (Colombo, Sri Lanka), on the basis of a survey of energy-conserving urban design guidelines developed and applied principally in temperate regions. A total of twenty-two urban design guidelines currently enforced in various U.S. cities and six from the U.K. are analyzed. These address one or more of the following urban energy requirements: space-conditioning, transportation and embodied energy needs. Problems related to excessive energy use in Colombo, Sri Lanka, are then identified by critically analyzing the ''Colombo Development Plan'' which legally binds all its urban development. Key factors analyzed are: floor area ratio, plot size, building height, open space, waterfront development, and landscaping. Finally, a hypothetical proposal is made for Colombo. It includes eight design guidelines (amendments to existing legislation as well as new) for the reduction of cooling needs and three for the reduction of transportation needs. These are presented within two broad policy options: prevention of parceling of urban land, use of existing railroad as a Mass Rapid Transportation system.

关键词： Urban design Architectural control Cities Transportation Urban planning Residential buildings Cooling Energy efficiency Land development

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Circumstances contributing to the deterioration of old cob structures in Japan

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JOURNAL OF ASIAN architecture AND BUILDING ENGINEERING 2022年第5期21卷 1981-2008页

作者： Reynolds, Emily K. Makoto, Muramoto Kyoto Inst Technol Grad Sch Sci & Technol Doctoral Program Architecture Kyoto Japan Kyoto Inst Technol Grad Sch Design & Architecture Kyoto Japan

The benefits of using earthen material such as cob in architecture are increasingly acknowledged, yet remaining concerns about safety prevent its broader use. This is particularly true in areas that experience earthquakes and heavy rain. To better understand the structural characteristics of cob in such harsh environmental conditions, this study examines cob structures found in rural areas of Japan, which are subject to those conditions. On average, we found they have been standing for 80 years. First, through interviews and surveys, this study verifies that amateurs built these structures;that is, they were built under worst-case scenarios for quality control. Second and mainly, field work measurements provide data to show deterioration patterns over decades, and sometimes centuries. Major findings were as follows. As expected, the bottom of the walls is most susceptible to deterioration. Unexpectedly, the data appears to show that deterioration is minimized when foundations are short, using small stones, 80 mm to 140 mm in height. The average deterioration at the bottom for walls with tall foundations (150 mm in height and over) is 64 mm, and for walls with a short foundation is 25 mm.

关键词： Earthen construction cob deterioration Japanese cob structure

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MEASURING THE ELASTIC-PLASTIC SURFACE DISPLACEMENT OF PARTIALLY COMPRESSED WOOD AND EVALUATION OF PARTIAL COMPRESSIVE LOAD PERPENDICULAR TO THE GRAIN

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Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering 2023年第805期88卷 467-478页

作者： Inoue, Sakiko Muramoto, Makoto Graduate School of Science and Technology Doctoral Program of Architecture Kyoto Institute of Technology Japan Faculty of Design and Architecture Kyoto Institute of Technology Japan

In this paper, the elastic-plastic displacement shape of the specimen surface during the experiment of compression perpendicular to the grain of the wood was measured using digital image correlation. And, it becomes possible to predict the transition of partial compressive load perpendicular to the grain, by using the stress-strain relation of allover compression perpendicular to the grain. This result is useful in making predictions for the partial compression perpendicular to the grain and the yield strength of wood joints. © 2023 Architectural Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image correlation

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ANALYSIS OF ROCKING COLUMN BEHAVIOR CONSIDERING STRESS DISTRIBUTION OF COLUMN USING FIBER ELEMENTS

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Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering 2022年第802期87卷 1201-1212页

作者： Hu, Rong Muramoto, Makoto Graduate School of Science and Technology Doctoral Program of Architecture Kyoto Institute of Technology Japan Faculty of Design and Architecture Kyoto Institute of Technology Japan

In this paper, a numerical model considering the embedment reaction of column foot by the beam-column finite element method was proposed for evaluating the restoring force characteristics of the rocking column in traditional timber structures. Wood compression tests in contact with stones were conducted to investigate the characteristics of the embedment reaction and initial deformation generated at the end of the wood, and these characteristics were considered in the column foot numerical model. The validity and applicability of the numerical model were verified by analyzing several static loading tests of the rocking column. © 2022 Architectural Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Finite element method

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The effect of earthquake on architecture geometry with non-parallel system irregularity configuration

The effect of earthquake on architecture geometry with non-p...

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International Conference on Sustainability in Architectural Design and Urbanism 2017, ICSADU 2017

作者： Teddy, Livian Hardiman, Gagoek Nuroji Tudjono, Sri Doctoral Program of Architecture and Urban Diponegoro University Indonesia Departement of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Indonesia Doctoral Program of Civil Engineering Diponegoro University Indonesia

Indonesia is an area prone to earthquake that may cause casualties and damage to buildings. The fatalities or the injured are not largely caused by the earthquake, but by building collapse. The collapse of the building is resulted from the building behaviour against the earthquake, and it depends on many factors, such as architectural design, geometry configuration of structural elements in horizontal and vertical plans, earthquake zone, geographical location (distance to earthquake center), soil type, material quality, and construction quality. One of the geometry configurations that may lead to the collapse of the building is irregular configuration of non-parallel system. In accordance with FEMA-451B, irregular configuration in non-parallel system is defined to have existed if the vertical lateral force-retaining elements are neither parallel nor symmetric with main orthogonal axes of the earthquake-retaining axis system. Such configuration may lead to torque, diagonal translation and local damage to buildings. It does not mean that non-parallel irregular configuration should not be formed on architectural design;however the designer must know the consequence of earthquake behaviour against buildings with irregular configuration of non-parallel system. The present research has the objective to identify earthquake behaviour in architectural geometry with irregular configuration of non-parallel system. The present research was quantitative with simulation experimental method. It consisted of 5 models, where architectural data and model structure data were inputted and analyzed using the software SAP2000 in order to find out its performance, and ETAB2015 to determine the eccentricity occurred. The output of the software analysis was tabulated, graphed, compared and analyzed with relevant theories. For areas of strong earthquake zones, avoid designing buildings which wholly form irregular configuration of non-parallel system. If it is inevitable to design a building

关键词： Architectural design

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Modifying the Contact Perimeter Approach for Measuring Urban Compactness Gradients in the Joglosemar Urban Region, Indonesia

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JOURNAL OF GEOVISUALIZATION AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS 2023年第1期7卷 1-20页

作者： Dewa, Dimas Danar Buchori, Imam Rudiarto, Iwan Sejati, Anang Wahyu Univ Diponegoro Doctoral Program Architecture & Urbanism Semarang Indonesia Univ Diponegoro Dept Urban & Reg Planning Semarang Indonesia

The rapid and uncontrolled urbanization in developing countries creates new challenges for the government, as is the case with mega-urbanization in the Joglosemar Urban Region of Indonesia. This study employs remote sensing data to assess discrete compactness with a contact perimeter approach to measure the spatial pattern of three urban areas as the urban growth centers of the Joglosemar Urban Region: Semarang Metropolitan Region (SMR), Surakarta Urban Region (SUR), and Yogyakarta Urban Region (YUR). The contact perimeter approach for measuring urban compactness must be adjusted to accommodate complex shapes (cell arrangement). This study modifies discrete compactness (C1 and C2) to improve the applicability of urban compactness measurement. We use 2022 Sentinel satellite imagery data and 2000 Landsat 7 ETM + data. The results show that in 2022, the YUR has the most significant value of 0.26, followed by the SMR (0.24) and the SUR (0.23). Between 2002 and 2022, the SMR experienced a significant decrease of 0.1 in urban compactness, indicating that the SMR develops in a compact form. This study can support the government in controlling growth and suppressing sprawl development in the future.

关键词： Urban growth Urban compactness GIS Remote sensing Metropolitan region

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Managing the selection of energy saving features in building design

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Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 2002年第3期9卷 192-208页

作者： de Wilde, Pieter Augenbroe, Godfried Van Der Voorden, Marinus Doctoral Program College of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA United States Building Physics Group Faculty of Architecture Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Doctoral Program College of Architecture Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA United States

This paper discusses how project management styles and methods impact on energy conscious design decisions by building design teams. Within the broad field of energy conscious design the emphasis of this paper is on the selection of energy saving technologies in appropriately configured building components. The premise of the research is that these selections are not well rationalized. Choices of energy saving features in current practice are discussed against the background of available computational tools and the way these tools are used (or not) to enhance the decision-making process. Through empirical data gathering based on case studies, improved project management techniques that enable a more timely and rational selection of energy saving technologies will be identified. A follow-up research project that implements the findings in an operational design system is briefly presented to sketch the practical implications of the reported research. © 2002, MCB UP Limited

关键词： Building design Energy saving Process management Process modelling

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Pathok Negoro mosque as the form of territorial defense region of Mataram Kingdom of Islam Java in Jogjakarta 4

Pathok Negoro mosque as the form of territorial defense regi...

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4th International Seminar on Sustainable Urban Development (ISoSUD)

作者： Setyowati, E. Hardiman, G. Murtini, T. W. Univ Teknol Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Indonesia Univ Diponegoro Doctoral Program Architecture & Urban Design Semarang Indonesia

Territory is the space boundary of ownership. Defense concepts of an area also include territory. The defense concept of a territory of power or ownership is usually in the form of fortress, ditch, river, road, alley or gate. Many of these are seen in the forms of old city of Dutch's inheritances. Javanese Islamic Kingdom in Yogyakarta has territory in the form of mosque. The mosque is called the Pathok Negoro as consists of 4 mosques. This territorial not same with another Islamic kingdoms. The research problem is why mosque used as a form of defense? What is the uniqueness? The purpose of the research is to reveal the form of territory of Javanese Islamic Kingdom. The benefit of this research is to get the characteristic form of territory of Javanese Islamic Kingdom in Yogyakarta. Their located in Ploso Kuning, Mlangi, babadan, Dongkelan, and Wonokromo. The research method that was used was qualitative method with grounded research, by using history and map search. In the analysis was carried out identification and comparison between mosques. The results show that there are characteristics on the location, the building orientation, the landscape, the area pattern and the shape of the building.

关键词： Javanese Islam kingdom mosque territory

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