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10th Conference of the International-Building-Performance-Simulation-Association

作者： Moon, Hyeun Jun Augenbroe, Godfried Dankook Univ Coll Architecture Dept Architecture Engn Seoul 140714 South Korea Georgia Inst Technol Coll Architecture Doctoral Program Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780977170630

This paper utilizes a probabilistic mold risk assessment method, introducing a novel mold risk indicator (MRI). The MRI captures the risk of mold occurrence at identified "trouble spots" under uncertainty. It will show how the MRI can enhance decision-making in a mold remediation case. When used in decision making under uncertainty, the MRI enables the best selection of remediation actions in the light of given preferences of the decision maker. In particular, decision makers are empowered to make a more rational decision based on a mold risk assessment that exceeds the usual deterministic performance evaluations. We will apply the Bayesian decision theory to the decision-making problem that involves the selection of two possible remediation actions in an existing building case. This approach demonstrates how to use additional information from mold simulation and uncertainty analysis in practical decision making problems and increasing the confidence of the decision maker.

关键词： uncertainty analysis mold risk assessment Bayesian decision theory building simulation

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The evolving design of 20th-century apartments in Ankara

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ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-PLANNING & DESIGN 2008年第4期35卷 627-646页

作者： Guney, Yasernin Ince Wineman, Jean Balikesir Univ Dept Architecture TR-10010 Balikesir Turkey Univ Michigan TCAUP Doctoral Program Architecture Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

This study analyzes a longitudinal series of Ankara apartment houses using space syntax methodology to uncover the underlying genotype and its transformation over time. The results indicate that transition-space-centred organization is the underlying spatial structure for 20th-century Ankara apartments. Diachronic examination of the sample in terms of sectoral differentiation-that is, clustering of spaces based on functional and social requirements, and in relation to the exterior-has identified three groups: (a) the houses from the 1920s with no sector differentiation and one entrance;(b) the houses from the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s with different sectors and multiple entrances;(c) the houses from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s with different sectors and one entrance. Viewing these results in relation to an analysis of the history of domestic culture demonstrates that there exists a schism between the historical periods representing social changes and the spatial periods representing the transformation of the Ankara house genotype.

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Durability of Japanese-earth cob walls subjected to accelerated rain simulation

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HERITAGE SCIENCE 2024年第1期12卷 1-19页

作者： Reynolds, Emily K. Muramoto, Makoto Kyoto Inst Technol Grad Sch Sci & Technol Doctoral Program Architecture Sakyo Ku Kyoto 6068585 Japan Kyoto Inst Technol Fac Design & Architecture Sakyo Ku Kyoto 6068585 Japan

Earthen materials are increasingly being recognized in architecture for their low embodied energy, recyclability, and hygrothermal properties. However, the common use of manufactured stabilizers, while enhancing weathering resistance, compromises these merits. Japan, known for its typhoons, has used unstabilized earth in construction for centuries, suggesting the viability of this construction material. While architecture around the world attests to its resilience, in-depth research into unstabilized earthen material is limited. This study examines unstabilized earth durability through 90-min accelerated rain simulation tests, totaling over 6500 mm of "rain" exposure on each of twelve test surfaces (eight representing rural Japanese cob-ball construction and four, monolithic cob walls). Surface changes were monitored by 3D scans performed at seven intervals. The test walls were built using two common materials in Japanese earthen wall craft, sourced from the areas of Kashiba and Fukakusa. It was clear from 3D-scan analysis that the base-layer material, Kashiba, is remarkably resistant to weathering. The four monolithic Kashiba test surfaces, constructed on four different foundation types, respectively eroded just 1 mm, 2.6 mm, 3.8 mm, and 3.9 mm. These results corroborate traditional building practices. Thus, our study also underscores the value of incorporating knowledge from vernacular earthen architecture professionals in expediting academic research. Additionally, our results suggest the potential of hose-showerhead tool use for research, and for on-site testing of earthen material erosion levels for material adequacy.

关键词： Earthen construction Unstabilized 3D scanning Vernacular knowledge Hose test

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Simulation for better building design

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2004年第8期39卷 875-877页

作者： Augenbroe, G Hensen, J Georgia Inst Technol Coll Architecture Doctoral Program Atlanta GA 30332 USA Tech Univ Eindhoven Ctr Bldg & Syst NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands

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Transformation of traditional houses in the development of sustainable rural tourism, case study of Brayut Tourism Village in Yogyakarta 4

Transformation of traditional houses in the development of s...

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4th International Seminar on Sustainable Urban Development (ISoSUD)

作者： Vitasurya, V. R. Hardiman, G. Sari, S. R. Univ Diponegoro Doctoral Program Semarang Indonesia Univ Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Univ Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Architecture Dept Depok Indonesia

This paper aims to reveal local values used by Brayut villagers to maintain the existence of the traditional house as a dwelling. The transformation of traditional houses goes as time passes, influenced by internal aspects related to the needs of residents and external aspects related to the regional development by the government. Traditional Javanese house as a cultural identity of Javanese people, especially in the village, has also experienced the transformation phenomenon. Modernization affects local residents' needs and the Government's Development program for tourism village influences demands of change. An unfocused transformation can lead to a total change that can eliminate the cultural identity of the rural Java community. The method used is the case study by taking three models of Javanese house in Brayut Village. Brayut Tourism Village is a cultural tourism village that relies on tradition as a tourist attraction. The existence of traditional Javanese house is an important asset for retaining its authenticity as a dwelling. Three models taken as the case studies represent the traditional Javanese house types. The result obtained is that the family bond is a major factor in preserving the traditional Javanese house in Brayut Village, Yogyakarta.

关键词： family bond preservation rural tourism traditional Javanese house transformation tourism village

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Spectral unmixing model to assess land cover fractions in Mongolian steppe regions

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REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2010年第10期114卷 2361-2372页

作者： Byambakhuu, Ishgaldan Sugita, Michiaki Matsushima, Dai Univ Tsukuba Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci Doctoral Program Geoenvironm Sci Ibaraki 3058572 Japan Chiba Inst Technol Dept Architecture & Civil Engn Chiba 2750016 Japan

The land cover fractions (LCFs) and spectral reflectance of photosynthetic vegetation (PV), nonphotosynthetic vegetation (NPV), and bare soil were measured at 58 sites in semi-arid and arid regions of Mongolia in the summers of 2005 and 2006. These data sets allowed a detailed assessment of the impact of measurement geometry as represented by the solar zenith angle theta(s), sensor view zenith angle theta(v) and azimuth view angle in the estimation of LCF values by means of the spectral unmixing model (SUM). The bidirectional distribution function (BRDF) was fitted to the reflectance data and then used to produce reflectance at various measurement geometries. LCFs from these reflectance data for a given combination of theta(s), theta(v), and phi were compared with visually determined LCFs. It was found that theta(s) in the range of 30-45 degrees produced a better agreement of LCFs. For theta(v) the agreement is not very sensitive to the choice of angle for the range 30-70 degrees, although theta(v) = 50 degrees showed a slightly better performance. The azimuth view angle does not have strong influences to the LCF estimation, except for the case of phi = 180 degrees (view toward the sun), which does not allow precise fitting of BRDF function over a tall vegetation site. Overall, this study verified the results of earlier studies obtained mostly for the American continents that SUM is capable of producing LCF estimates accurately and also found that its accuracy was, in general, much better than that by the more traditional approach of the supervised classification method (SCM) applied to images of a digital camera. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mongolia Semi-arid and arid area BRDF Viewing geometry Land cover fractions Spectral unmixing model

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Study of locations' characteristics for stabilization of street vendors in Surakarta City 4

Study of locations' characteristics for stabilization of str...

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4th International Seminar on Sustainable Urban Development (ISoSUD)

作者： Rahayu, M. J. Buchori, I Widjajanti, R. Univ Diponegoro Doctoral Program Architecture & Planning Engn Semarang Indonesia Univ Sebelas Maret Urban & Reg Planning Dept Surakarta Indonesia

Street vendors are usually centered around particular areas where they have made adaptations based on their activities, instead of scattered all over the city. These locations tend to be close to street vendors' primary activities and consumers, occupy the public lands, and are productive and accessible. The Municipality of Surakarta has managed the street vendors in the form of stabilization and relocation. In Surakarta, there are 24 areas used for stabilization of street vendors varying in characteristics and quantities. This study uses a spatial analysis aiming to explain the characteristics of locations used for stabilization of street vendors and to identify their physical condition and arrangement. Furthermore, all of the research results will be used as the criteria in choosing the new locations that are suitable for the street vendors' characteristics and consumers' preference. The results show that the locations are on the roadsides of the neighborhood, local, and secondary collector roads. The traffic conditions in the stabilization areas are ranging from the very busy until relatively busy level since they are close to activities for trade, education, recreation, offices, and settlements.

关键词： characteristics of locations management stabilization

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Optimizing building envelopes' performance by using photovoltaic cells

Optimizing building envelopes' performance by using photovol...

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3rd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference

作者： Alzoubi, Hussain Hendi University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 Doctoral Program in Architecture 2000 Bonisteel MI 48109

ISBN: (纸本)1563477343

This study seeks the integrity and the optimality of building envelopes' performance. It focuses on the transparent parts of buildings' façades;specifically, the windows and their shading devices. It suggests a new system of utilizing solar energy while keeping optimal solutions for indoor daylighting. It employs the shading devices on windows for producing electrical power by using photovoltaic cells. To achieve the optimality for lighting and energy production, blinds with angles from zero to ninety degrees were tested in an actual physical model. This model was used to find the correlation between the blinds' angles and the illuminance level at different distances From the window. Computational methods were used to examine the photovoltaic performance for each blinds' angle. The mathematical equations resulted from the optimization process were coded using Java programming language to enable the future users to deal with generic locations of buildings. Furthermore, the results of the study's experiments were employed to create a blinds' control system. This system controls the blinds' movements according to the sun position and workplane illuminance level.

关键词： Buildings

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Introduction of a spatio-temporal mapping based POE method for outdoor spaces: Suburban university campus as a case study

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2018年 145卷 125-139页

作者： Gocer, Ozgur Gocer, Kenan Basol, Altug M. Kirac, M. Furkan Ozbil, Ayse Bakovic, Mujesira Siddiqui, Faizan P. Ozcan, Baris Ozyegin Univ Fac Architecture & Design Cekmekoy Kampusu Nisantepe Mah TR-34794 Istanbul Turkey Beykoz Univ Fac Engn & Architecture Istanbul Turkey Ozyegin Univ Fac Engn Istanbul Turkey Northumbria Univ Dept Architecture & Built Environm Newcastle Upon Tyne Tyne & Wear England Istanbul Tech Univ Inst Sci & Technol Urban Design Master Program Istanbul Turkey Ozyegin Univ Elect Engn Doctoral Program Inst Sci & Technol Istanbul Turkey Ozyegin Univ Inst Sci & Technol Comp Sci Doctoral Program Istanbul Turkey

Outdoor spaces are important to sustainable cities because they establish a common identity for social life by improving quality of urban living. The relation between outdoor spaces and building groups, competency, use period, and interaction of micro-climatic factors are needed to be investigated from a holistic approach. Unfortunately, the limited and narrow scoped POE studies on outdoor spaces make an overall assessment without causality relation. Other existing studies in outdoor spaces are mostly grouped under the headings such as;user satisfaction, space syntax and behavioral mapping, and biometeorological assessments. The intention of this paper is to introduce a new post-occupancy evaluation (POE) method integrates these studies focusing on various problems in outdoor spaces using spatio-temporal mapping. The comprehensive methodology applied in this research attempted to overcome some of the shortcomings of related studies by conducting a longitudinal study (during a year, as opposed to a few days) and also by objectively analyzing the associations of user behavior and physical attributes as well as the configurational properties of the campus layout. With this method, outdoor spaces can be evaluated in the context of the interaction between the physical environment and its users' behavior and activities, level of satisfaction and perceptions of comfort. The method has been applied on a suburban university campus in Istanbul, Turkey. The main courtyard of the campus has been subjected for map creation and result discussions.

关键词： Outdoor spaces Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) Spatio-temporal mapping Geographical information systems (GIS) University campuses

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Cardiac Autonomic Control and Neural Arousal as Indexes of Fatigue in Professional Bus Drivers

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SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK 2022年第2期13卷 148-154页

作者： Lecca, Luigi I. Fadda, Paolo Fancello, Gianfranco Medda, Andrea Meloni, Michele Univ Cagliari Engn Labs CENTRALABS SS 554Km 4500 I-09042 Monserrato Italy Univ Florence Doctoral Program Clin Sci Florence Italy Univ Cagliari DICAAR Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Architecture Cagliari Italy Univ Florence Doctoral Program Clin Sci Largo Brambilla Italy

Background: Bus driving is a mentally demanding activity that requires prolonged attention to ensure safety. The aim of the study was to assess mental fatigue caused by driving a public bus and to find a profile of workers at higher risk. Methods: We evaluated changes of critical flicker fusion (CFF) (index of central arousal) and heart rate variability (HRV) (index of autonomic balance) in a 6-hour driving shift on a real route, in 31 professional bus drivers, and we tested the influence of personal factors such as sleep quality, BMI, and age. Paired t test was used to test differences of CFF and HRV between both initial and final phase of driving, while multiple linear regression tested the influence of personal variables on the indexes of mental fatigue. Results: Results showed that CFF significantly decreased after 6 hours of bus driving (41.91 Hz, sd 3.31 vs. 41.15 Hz, sd 3.15;p = 0.041), and heart rate significantly decreased in the final phase of driving, with respect to the initial phase (85 vs. 78 bpm, p = 0.027). Increasing age (beta =-0.729, p = 0.022), risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (beta =-0.530, p = 0.04), and diurnal sleepiness (beta =-0.406, p = 0.017) showed a significant effect on influencing mental fatigue. Conclusion: Elderly drivers at higher risk of sleep disorders are more prone to mental fatigue, when exposed to driving activity. Monitoring indexes of central arousal and autonomic balance, coupled with the use of structured questionnaires can represent a useful strategy to detect profile of workers at higher risk of mental fatigue in such duty. (c) 2022 Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Published by Elsevier Korea LLC. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Autonomic nervous system Flicker fusion Heart rate control Mental fatigue Sleep disorders

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