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Calorimetric evaluation of polymerization thermokinetics of styrene, α-methylstyrene and trans-β-methylstyrene

Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009年第1期161卷 330-335页

作者： Lin, S.Y. Chen, K.Y. Shu, C.M. Doctoral Program Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Sec. 3 Douliou Yunlin 64002 Taiwan

According to literature and our research, the styrene polymerization mechanism is identified by α-methylstyrene (AMS). This study investigated the basic exothermic behavior of styrene and its major derivatives, AMS, and trans-β-methylstyrene (TBMS), by two calorimeters, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal activity monitor (TAM), to compare and evaluate their thermal kinetics on polymerization. DSC and TAM were employed for dynamic scanning and isothermal ageing tests to calculate thermokinetic parameters of styrene and styrene containing 10 ppm 4-tertiary-butylcatechol (TBC), AMS, and TBMS. Certain prominent differences were observed and discussed between AMS and TBMS obtained from DSC and TAM. All of the results could be provided to the relevant plants for lessening the degree of hazard. Results indicated that styrene, AMS, and TBMS have potential exothermic hazards, especially during the higher temperature. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Styrene

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An authenticated anonymous group key management with only one rekey message

An authenticated anonymous group key management with only on...

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5th IASTED European Conference on Internet and Multimedia Systems and Applications, EuroIMSA 2009

作者： Wuu, Lih-Chyau Hung, Chi-Hsiang Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Touliu Yunlin Taiwan Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology Doctoral Program National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Touliu Yunlin Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780889868021

In Internet, IP multicast has been used successfully to provide an efficient, best-effort delivery service for group communication applications. However, applications such as multiparty private conference, distribution of stock market information, pay per view and other subscriber services require secure multicast to protect integrity and confidentiality of the group traffic, and validate group member's authenticity. Providing secure multicast for group communication is problematic without a robust group key management. In this paper, we propose an anonymous group key management with ID-based Signature and secret sharing technologies to distribute a new group key securely to each participant of a group with only one rekey message whenever the group membership changes. The key management guarantees that a legal user, without revealing his/her real identity, can join a group after finishing the mutual authentication with the group initiator, and enforces the forward secrecy and backward secrecy.

关键词： Multicasting

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Inert effects on the flammability characteristics of methanol by nitrogen or carbon dioxide

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Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2009年第3期96卷 759-763页

作者： Chiang, C.-C. Lee, J.-C. Chang, Y.-M. Chuang, C.-F. Shu, C.-M. 1 Jin-De Rd. Changhua Changhua 50074 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Hsiuping Institute of Technology 11 Gong-Ye Rd. Dali Taichung 41280 Taiwan Doctoral Program Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Rd. Sec. 3 Douliou Yunlin 64002 Taiwan Bao-Shan Campus 1 Jin-De Rd. Changhua Changhua 50074 Taiwan

Knowledge of material safety properties is critical for safe handing in the chemical process industries, especially for flammable chemicals that might result in serious fires and explosions. This study investigated the flammability characteristics of methanol under working conditions during the process. The targeted fire and explosion properties, like explosion limits (UEL and LEL), vapor deflagration index (K g), maximum explosion pressure (P max), and maximum explosion pressure rise [(dP dt -1) max], were deliberately obtained via a 20-L-Apparatus in 101 kPa (i.e., 760 mmHg/1 atm), 150 and 200 °C, along with various experimental arrangements containing nitrogen (N2) or carbon dioxide (CO 2) as inert component. Particularly, this study discussed and elucidated the inert influence on the above safety-related parameters by two different inerting gases of N2 and CO2. The results indicated that adding an inert component to fuel-inert gas mixtures determined the decrease of explosion range and flammability hazard degree. The results also demonstrated that CO2 possessed higher inerting capability than N2 in this study. © 2009 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Thermal runaway evaluation of α-methylstyrene and trans-β-methylstyrene with benzaldehyde

Thermal runaway evaluation of α-methylstyrene and trans-β-...

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作者： Lin, S.-Y. Tseng, J.-M. Lee, M.-K. Wu, T.-C. Shu, C.-M. Doctoral Program Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Rd. Douliou Yunlin 64002 Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Health Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science 60 Er-Jen Rd. Jen-Te Tainan 71710 Taiwan Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering HungKuang University 34 Chung-Chie Rd. ShaLu Taichung 43302 Taiwan

Styrene is an important chemical in the petrochemical industry. In recent years, there have been sporadic releases, runaway reactions, fires, and thermal explosion accidents incurred by styrene and its derivatives worldwide. The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of styrene and its derivatives of α-methylstyrene (AMS) and trans-β-methylstyrene (TBMS) contacting with benzaldehyde. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the thermokinetic parameters estimated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal activity monitor III (TAM III). TAM III was used to determine the fundamental thermokinetics under various isothermal temperatures, 80, 90 and 100C. This autocatalytic reaction was demonstrated in thermal curves. After styrene was contacted with benzaldehyde, the exothermic onset temperature (T 0) and the total heat of reaction (Q total) were altered by DSC tests. When benzaldehyde is mixed with AMS and TBMS, the reaction time will be shorter but the enthalpy reduced, as revealed by TAM III tests. As AMS and TBMS, respectively, were contacted with benzaldehyde, both exothermic phenomena were changed during the reaction excursion. According to the results of this research, an operator should dictate the oxygen concentration in order to avoid any potential hazards during handling and transportation. © 2009 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.

关键词： Differential scanning calorimetry

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Hierarchical kinetic simulation for autocatalytic decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide at low temperatures

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Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2009年第3期96卷 751-758页

作者： Chen, Jiann-Rong Cheng, Shyh-Yuch Yuan, Min-Hao Kossoy, Arcady A. Shu, Chi-Min General Education Hsiuping Institute of Technology 11 Gong-Ye Road Dali Taichung County 41280 Taiwan Doctoral Program Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Sec. 3 Douliou Yunlin 64002 Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Hygiene Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science 60 Erh-Jen Road Sec.1 Jente Tainan 71710 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan Ltd 14 Dobrolubov Ave St. Petersburg 197198 Russia

A hierarchical set of kinetic models were proposed and discussed for simulation of autocatalytic decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) in cumene at low temperatures. The hierarchy leads from a formal model of full autocatalysis, which is based on conversion degree as a state variable, through a two-stage autocatalytic concentration-based model to a meticulous multi-stage model of the reaction. By the ForK (Formal Kinetics) and DesK (Descriptive Kinetics) software, developed by ChemInform Saint Petersburg (CISP) Ltd., the related kinetic parameters and their significance have also been estimated and elucidated. Through this best-fit approach, it is possible to formulate a systematic methodology on the kinetic studies for thermal decomposition of typical organic peroxides with autocatalytic nature, specifically at low temperature ranges. © 2009 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.

关键词： Kinetic parameters

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Nonlinear internal wave run-up on impermeable steep slopes

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Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic engineering 2009年第4期131卷 1-5页

作者： Tseng, I-Fan Chen, Chen-Yuan Kuo, Hui-Ming Department of Marine Environment and Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Pingtung University of Education No. 4-18 Ming Shen Rd. Pingtung 90003 Taiwan Department of Management Information System Yung-Ta Institute of Technology and Commerce Lin-Luoh Pingtung 90941 Taiwan Doctoral Program in Management National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Logistics Management Shu-Te University Yen Chau Kaohsiung 82445 Taiwan

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the run-up of internal solitary waves (ISWs) on steep uniform slopes in a two-layered fluid system with a free surface. A 12 m long wave flume, which incorporated a movable vertical gate for generating ISWs, was used in the experiments. A steep uniform slope was modeled at one end of the flume. In the present study we looked at internal waves with small and large amplitudes using a steep uniform slope (from one of Θ=30, 50, 60, 90, 120, and 130 deg) much longer than those previously published in the literature. Results collected from a wide range of experimental runs show that the run-up height depends on the planar slope, while the breaking depth is only antecedent to the amplitude of an ISW. The overall quantitative agreement with the linear feature aspects of the incident wave amplitude is encouraging. Copyright © 2009 by ASME.

关键词： Arctic engineering

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Thermal characteristics and regeneration analyses of adsorbents by differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscope

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Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2009年第3期96卷 765-769页

作者： Su, Chung-Hwei Wu, Sheng-Hung Shen, Sun-Ju Shiue, Gong-Yih Wang, Yih-Weng Shu, Chi-Min Department of Fire Science WuFeng Institute of Technology 117 Chian-Kuo Rd. Sec. 2 Min-Hsiung Chia-Yi 62153 Taiwan Doctoral Program Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Rd. Sec. 3 Douliou Yunlin 64002 Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Health ChiaNan University of Pharmacy and Science 60 Erh-Jen Rd. Sec. 1 Tainan 71710 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Hsiuping of Technology 11 Gongye Rd. Dali Taichung 41280 Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Health Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine Nursing and Management 1 Jen-Teh Rd. Houlong Miaoli 35601 Taiwan

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the main factors involved in pollution control and global warming in industrialized nations. Various treatment methods involving incineration, adsorption, etc., were employed to reduce VOCs concentration. Various absorbents, such as activated carbon, zeolite, silica gel or alumina, and so on were broadly used to adsorb VOCs in various industrial applications. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was handled to analyze the thermal characteristics of absorbents. Typically, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used to evaluate the structure variation of absorbents under high temperature situations. In view of pollution control and loss prevention, versatility and analysis of recycled adsorbents are necessary and useful for various industrial applications. © 2009 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.

关键词： Zeolites

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Multiscale modeling in rodent ventricular myocytes

Multiscale modeling in rodent ventricular myocytes

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作者： Lu, Shaoying Michailova, Anushka Saucerman, Jeffrey Cheng, Yuhui Yu, Zeyun Kaiser, Timothy Li, Wilfred Bank, Randolph Holst, Michael McCammon, J. Hayashi, Takeharu Hoshijima, Masahiko Arzberger, Peter McCulloch, Andrew Bioengineering Department University of Illinois United States Bioengineering Department UCSD United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Virginia United States Department of Mathematics UCSD United States UCSD United States College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University China Department of Mathematics Center for Computational Mathematics and the Computational Science Mathematics and Engineering Doctoral Program at UCSD Department of Pharmacology UCSD United States Center for Research in Biological Systems UCSD United States Department of Bioengineering UCSD United States Department of Bioengineering PFBH 241 University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive San Diego CA 92093-0412 United States

There is a growing body of experimental evidence suggesting that the Ca2+ signaling in ventricular myocytes is characterized by a high gradient near the cell membrane and a more uniform Ca2+ distribution in the cell interior [1]--[7]. An important reason for this phenomenon might be that in these cells the t-tubular system forms a network of extracellular space, extending deep into the cell interior. This allows the electrical signal, that propagates rapidly along the cell membrane, to reach the vicinity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), where intracellular Ca2+ required for myofilament activation is stored [1], [8]--[11]. Early studies of cardiac muscle showed that the t-tubules are found at intervals of about 2 lm along the longitudinal cell axis in close proximity to the Z-disks of the sarcomeres [12]. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that the t-tubular system has also longitudinal extensions [9]--[11], [13].

关键词： Cells

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Effect of tin on the recrystallization behavior and texture of grain oriented electrical steels

Effect of tin on the recrystallization behavior and texture ...

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Materials Processing and Texture - 15th International Conference on Textures of Materials, ICOTOM 15

作者： Liao, Chun-Chih Hou, Chun-Kan Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology Doctoral Program National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Douliou Yunlin 64002 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Douliou Yunlin 64002 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780470408346

Influence of tin, range from 0-0.31wt%, on the recrystallization behavior and texture of grain oriented electrical has been investigated. Tin is susceptible to segregation at grain boundary and on surface that pinning down the grain boundary mobility. Annealed hot bands in 2.5mm are cold rolled to 0.35 mm in one-stage cold rolling. Cold-rolled sheets are decarburization annealing at 800°C for 5 minutes in wet H2-N2 atmosphere. During secondary recrystallization specimens are heated to 900~1200°C and soaked 12 hours with a heating rate 12 °C per hour after 700 °C. Both X-ray and EBSD are conducted to examine the grain orientation. It is found that pinning effect of tin is very strong for secondary recrystallization. The specimens containing less than 0.05wt% tin finish secondary recrystallization after SRT at 1000 °C. The secondary recrystallization grain growth became difficult as the tin content above 0.10wt%. According to EBSD results, after primary recrystallization, the intensity of (011) texture in the specimens with nitriding 30 seconds slightly increases with increasing tin content and reaches a maximum value at 0.05wt% tin. Then, it rapidly decreases with increasing tin and reaches a minimum at 0, 21wt% tin. Finally, it increases with increasing tin again. However, the intensity of (011) texture in the specimens without nitriding decreases with increasing tin content and reaches a minimum value at 0.21 wt% tin. Then, it increases with increasing tin. Both EBSD and XRD results show that the intensities of (111) textures in the specimens both with and without nitriding decreases with increasing tin content and reaches a value at 0.05 wt% tin. Then, it increases with increasing tin and reaches a peak at 0.1wt% tin. Finally, it decreases with increasing tin again. For the specimens without nitriding treatment, while the SRT is higher than 1100°C, best magnetic properties was occurred in the steel containing 0.05 wt% tin. However, the flux density increases and c

关键词： Nitriding

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Effect of tin on the texture of nonoriented electrical steels

Effect of tin on the texture of nonoriented electrical steel...

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Materials Processing and Texture - 15th International Conference on Textures of Materials, ICOTOM 15

作者： Hou, Chun-Kan Lee, Tong-Han Liao, Chun-Chih Department of Mechanical Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology I23 University Road Section 3 Douliou Yunlin 64002 Taiwan Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology Doctoral Program National Yunlin University of Science and Technology I23 University Road Section 3 Douliou Yunlin 64002 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780470408346

The effect of tin (range from 0.029-0.21 wt%) on the inclusion size in hot bands, grain size and texture of four non-oriented electrical steels after final annealing has been investigated. The steel ingots were reheated to 1200C and finished rolled at 950C. Then hot bands were annealed at 750C for two hours and cold rolled to 0.5mm. After annealing the cold rolled sheets at 750-950 °C for one minute, both X-ray diffractometer with texture attachment and EBSD analyses were conducted to measure specimen texture. It was found that 5-10 μm coarse MnS + AlN inclusions existed in the hot bands containing 0.029 wt% tin. However, 1-2 μm fine MnS+AlN inclusions were found in the hot bands containing 0.21 wt% tin. After final annealing, grain size decreased with increasing tin content and began to level off when tin reached 0.10wt%. At the same cold rolled annealing temperature, the intensity of {011} texture increased with increasing tin content. In the same steel, the intensity of {011} texture increased with increasing annealing texture and reached a maximum value and then declined sharply. The temperature to obtain maximum intensity of {011} texture strongly correlated with tin content, EBSD showed that the number and volume fraction of {011} grain per mm2 increased with increasing tin content. It is concluded that adding tin in the range of 0.100-0.210wt% to non-oriented electrical steels can enhance the volume fraction of Goss grain, The mechanisms are that tin not only enhances the nucleation of Goss grain, but also promotes its growth. Conversely, adding 0.055wt% tin to non-oriented electrical steels can lead to the best cube texture. This tin content maximizes the nucleation density of cube grains during annealing at 850C.

关键词： Annealing

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