The Nick Summer Experiment was an empirical study undertaken to explore and increase the understanding of the use of prototype meeting support technology by software design teams working on high-level design problems....
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The Nick Summer Experiment was an empirical study undertaken to explore and increase the understanding of the use of prototype meeting support technology by software design teams working on high-level design problems. Three teams of seven designers each were observed and videotaped while participating in 27 1-h, face-to-face design meetings in both the electronic meeting room and in a conventional meeting room. The Nick support technologies explicitly aided the affective social meeting structures as well as the rational task-oriented processes. The analysis of the experimental data revealed some gains in meeting effectiveness and quality from use of the Nick meeting support technologies. The subchannel (messaging facility on the electronic workstations) emerged as a potentially effective way for participants to attain more equality and to influence the direction of the meetings. The electronic blackboard helped to increase group focus and attention on completing the task.< >
作者：
Dunn, William N.Hegedus, Andrea M.Holzner, BurkartProfessor in the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs and the School of Library and Information Science
University of Pittsburgh and Director of the Program for the Study of Knowledge Use. He is co-director of the NSF-sponsored project titled “The Impact of Science on American Society.” He has authored and edited books articles and government reports in areas of public policy analysis science policy planned social change and research utilization. His recent publications include Public Policy Analysis (1981) Values Ethics and the Practice of Policy Analysis (1983) and Policy Analysis: Perspectives Concepts and Methods (1986). He is presently servings as President of the Policy Studies Organization. currently completing her doctoral studies at the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs
University of Pit- tsburgh with a specialization in public policy research and analysis. In the past year she served as a Health Policy Fellow at the Health Policy In- stitute Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh and as a Visiting Scientist with the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Her research interests include biomedical science policy technology assess- ment and the social impact of science. Professor of Sociology and Director of the Center for International Studies
University of Pittsburgh. He is Director of the NSF-sponsored project titled “The Impact of Science on American Society.” His books include Reality Construction in Society and (as co-author) Knowledge Application: The Knowledge System in Society Identity and Authority Directions of Change: Modernization Theory Research and Realities and Organizing for Social Research. His articles and essays have dealt with issues in socio-logical theory sociology of knowledge compara- tive science development research organizations and knowledge utilization.
In recent years a number of important science policy issues have rentered on questions about the social utility of science. The field of knowledge systems accounting has evolved as a special form of social impact asse...
作者：
TSITSIKLIS, JNDoctoral Student
Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts
An infinite horizon, expected average cost, dynamic routing problem is formulated for a simple failure-prone queueing system, modelled as a continuous time, continuous state controlled stochastic process. We prove tha...
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An infinite horizon, expected average cost, dynamic routing problem is formulated for a simple failure-prone queueing system, modelled as a continuous time, continuous state controlled stochastic process. We prove that the optimal average cost is independent of the initial state and that the cost-to-go functions of dynamic programming are convex. These results, together with a set of optimality conditions, lead to the conclusion that optimal policies are switching policies, characterized by a set of switching curves (or regions), each curve corresponding to a particular state of the nodes (servers).
Even the simplest form of a management information system can assist the student services administrator in organization and program planning and evaluation of desired results.
Even the simplest form of a management information system can assist the student services administrator in organization and program planning and evaluation of desired results.
This paper presents an integrated approach to computer-Aided Ship Design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull Design System (HDS), currently under development by the Hull Group of the Nava...
This paper presents an integrated approach to computer-Aided Ship Design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull Design System (HDS), currently under development by the Hull Group of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA 32). is the vehicle for the discussion. This paper is directed toward practicing ship design professionals and the managers of the ship design process. Primary emphasis of this paper, and of the development effort currently under way, is on aiding ship design professionals in their work. Focus is on integration and management control of the extremely complex set of processes which make up naval ship design. The terminology of the Ship Designer and Design Manager is used. The reader needs no familiarity with the technologies of computerscience.
This open access book presents the outcomes of the “Design for Future – Managed Software Evolution” priority program 1593, which was launched by the German Research Foundation (“Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (D...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783030134990
ISBN:
(纸本)9783030134983;9783030135010
This open access book presents the outcomes of the “Design for Future – Managed Software Evolution” priority program 1593, which was launched by the German Research Foundation (“Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)”) to develop new approaches to software engineering with a specific focus on long-lived software systems. The different lifecycles of software and hardware platforms lead to interoperability problems in such systems. Instead of separating the development, adaptation and evolution of software and its platforms, as well as aspects like operation, monitoring and maintenance, they should all be integrated into one overarching process.;Accordingly, the book is split into three major parts, the first of which includes an introduction to the nature of software evolution, followed by an overview of the specific challenges and a general introduction to the case studies used in the project. The second part of the book consists of the main chapters on knowledge carrying software, and cover tacit knowledge in software evolution, continuous design decision support, model-based round-trip engineering for software product lines, performance analysis strategies, maintaining security in software evolution, learning from evolution for evolution, and formal verification of evolutionary changes. In turn, the last part of the book presents key findings and spin-offs. The individual chapters there describe various case studies, along with their benefits, deliverables and the respective lessons learned. An overview of future research topics rounds out the coverage.;The book was mainly written for scientific researchers and advanced professionals with an academic background. They will benefit from its comprehensive treatment of various topics related to problems that are now gaining in importance, given the higher costs for maintenance and evolution in comparison to the initial development, and the fact that today, most software is not developed from scratch, but as part of a c
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