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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hashmi, Ammarah Shahzad, Sahibzada Adil Lin, Chia-Wen Tsao, Yu Wang, Hsin-Min Social Networks and Human-Centered Computing Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Institute of Information Systems and Applications National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Chengchi University Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan

The emergence of contemporary deepfakes has attracted significant attention in machine learning research, as artificial intelligence (AI) generated synthetic media increases the incidence of misinterpretation and is difficult to distinguish from genuine content. Currently, machine learning techniques have been extensively studied for automatically detecting deepfakes. However, human perception has been less explored. Malicious deepfakes could ultimately cause public and social problems. Can we humans correctly perceive the authenticity of the content of the videos we watch? The answer is obviously uncertain;therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the human ability to discern deepfake videos through a subjective study. We present our findings by comparing human observers to five state-of-the-art deepfake detection models. To this end, we used gamification concepts to provide 110 participants (55 native English speakers and 55 non-native English speakers) with a web-based platform where they could access a series of 40 videos (20 real and 20 fake) to determine their authenticity. Each participant performed the experiment twice with the same 40 videos in different random orders. The videos are manually selected from the FakeAVCeleb dataset. We found that all AI models performed significantly better than humans when evaluated on the same 40 videos. The study also reveals that while deception is not impossible, humans tend to overestimate their detection capabilities. Our experimental results may help benchmark human versus machine performance, advance forensics analysis, and enable adaptive countermeasures. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Audiovisual

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Understanding Audiovisual Deepfake Detection: Techniques, Challenges, Human Factors and Perceptual Insights

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hashmi, Ammarah Shahzad, Sahibzada Adil Lin, Chia-Wen Tsao, Yu Wang, Hsin-Min The Social Networks and Human-Centered Computing Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan The Institute of Information Systems and Applications National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan The Department of Computer Science National Chengchi University Taipei11529 Taiwan The Department of Electrical Engineering The Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan The Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan The Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan

Deep Learning has been successfully applied in diverse fields, and its impact on deepfake detection is no exception. Deepfakes are fake yet realistic synthetic content that can be used deceitfully for political impersonation, phishing, slandering, or spreading misinformation. Despite extensive research on unimodal deepfake detection, identifying complex deepfakes through joint analysis of audio and visual streams remains relatively unexplored. To fill this gap, this survey first provides an overview of audiovisual deepfake generation techniques, applications, and their consequences, and then provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art methods that combine audio and visual modalities to enhance detection accuracy, summarizing and critically analyzing their strengths and limitations. Furthermore, we discuss existing open source datasets for a deeper understanding, which can contribute to the research community and provide necessary information to beginners who want to analyze deep learning-based audiovisual methods for video forensics. By bridging the gap between unimodal and multimodal approaches, this paper aims to improve the effectiveness of deepfake detection strategies and guide future research in cybersecurity and media integrity. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Audiovisual

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Optimization of Certainty Factor Algorithm to Overcome Uncertainty in Expert System Identification of Pests and Diseases of Cocoa

Optimization of Certainty Factor Algorithm to Overcome Uncer...

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Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Intelligent System (ICE3IS), International Conference on

作者： Rakhmat Dedi Gunawan Imam Ahmad Parjito Harry Anggono Ego Hengki Vernando Firman Jaya Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia Bandarlampung Indonesia Information Technology Education Study Program STKIP PGRI Situbondo Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665465427

Lampung Province is one of the regions with the highest cocoa production, but many factors can interfere with cocoa production. One of them is the factor of pests and diseases of cocoa that cannot be identified and prevented beforehand. An expert system is a system that adopts expert knowledge or experts in a particular field. However, the diagnosis usually contains uncertainty in the form of answers and statements used. Certainty Factor (CF) algorithm, is one of the algorithms that is able to overcome uncertainty by providing a value for the level of trust from experts and users. However, because the CF value is based on the level of confidence in the symptoms experienced by the user, it creates a problem, namely the consistency of the user's answers. So, it is necessary to make improvements to the CF algorithm, to overcome the inconsistency of user answers through the use of Consistency Ratio (CR). Through the use of CR, inconsistencies are overcome through comparisons between the consistency index and the random index. Based on the results of the accuracy test, the proposed model is able to produce an accuracy rate of 86.67% in the diagnosis of pests and diseases on cocoa plants.

关键词： Electrical engineering Deep learning Uncertainty Production Indexes Expert systems Intelligent systems

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IoT for Water Quality Categorization

IoT for Water Quality Categorization

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International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent System (ICORIS)

作者： Hermantoro Sastrohartono Andreas Wahyu Krisdiarto Arief Ika Uktoro Reza Rahutomo Teddy Suparyanto Bens Pardamean Agricultural Engineering Department Faculty of Agricultural Technology Institute of Agriculture STIPER Yogyakarta Indonesia Information System Department School of Information Systems Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Bioinformatics & Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

In agricultural water research, the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has emerged as a pivotal approach for large-scale data collection. Water availability in the context of water quality is very important, both for domestic and industrial purposes. For domestic purposes, drinking water and bathing water are separated. Meanwhile, for the palm oil industry, boiler filler is differentiated from additional process water (dilution water). Water quality parameters can be assessed from turbidity and Total Dissolve Solid (TDS). Measurements using measuring instruments separately and repeatedly require significant energy, time, and costs. This research was conducted with the primary objective of presenting a novel method for categorizing water quality with the approach of IoT sensor technology. The research methodology entailed the utilization of an integrated IoT water sensors system in conjunction with manual water categorization. The methods consist of (1) system design, (2) design and installation of sensor and IoT-based microcontrollers, and (3) accuracy and precision testing compared with laboratory measurements. The precision of the integrated IoT water sensors was assessed through a dedicated sensor precision test, resulting in an accuracy rate of 94.4% for the turbidity sensor and 97.5% for the TDS sensor. Notably, this approach successfully discriminated drinking water with valid categorization, while other water types, including groundwater, water with tea, and water with coffee, yielded null categorization results.

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Social media image classification and retrieval method based on deep hash algorithm

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International Journal of Web Based Communities 2022年第3-4期18卷 276-287页

作者： Li, Zilong Zhou, Yong Wang, Hongdong School of Information Engineering Xu’zhou University of Technology Xuzhou221018 China School of Computer Science and Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou221116 China Post Doctoral Research Center Onnes Power Technology Co. Ltd. Xuzhou221003 China

In order to solve the problems of large classification error and low retrieval accuracy of traditional retrieval methods, a social media image classification retrieval method based on deep hash algorithm is proposed. With the help of CBOW model to extract semantic features and colour histogram to extract colour features of social media images, social media image classification is completed. Hash algorithm is used to deal with the unidirectional irreversibility of social media image, and the pixel feature points in the image are regarded as density function for one-to-one correspondence. The loss function is used to control the convergence of the hash algorithm to achieve social media image retrieval. Experimental results show that the error of social media image classification is only 2%, the retrieval accuracy is always higher than 90%, and the retrieval time is only 3.4 s, which has the advantage of high retrieval efficiency. © 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Clustering algorithms

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Classification Of Aedes Mosquito Larva Using Convolutional Neural Networks And Extreme Learning Machine 7

Classification Of Aedes Mosquito Larva Using Convolutional N...

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7th International Conference on Electrical, Telecommunication and computer Engineering, ELTICOM 2023

作者： Nainggolan, Pauzi Ibrahim Efendi, Syahril Budiman, Mohammad Andri Lydia, Maya Silvi Joshua, Ivan Bukit, Dhani Syahputra Rahmat, Romi Fadillah Sinaga, Ledy Afrida Subroto, Edi Universitas Sumatera Utara Department of Computer Science Medan20155 Indonesia Universitas Sumatera Utara Department of Information Technology Medan20155 Indonesia Universitas Sumatera Utara Department of Public Health Medan20155 Indonesia Environmental Health and Diseases Control Ministry of Health Medan20153 Indonesia STIKes Mitra Husada Department of Midwifery Study Program Sumatera Utara Medan20142 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385526

The spread of diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, such as Dengue fever, Chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika, poses a severe health problem in many countries. Aedes mosquitoes can be found in tropical and subtropical areas. One method to control the diseases is by controlling the population of Aedes mosquitoes, and one way to control the population of Aedes mosquito is by exterminating Aedes mosquito larvae. Identifying mosquito larvae, however, demands a considerable amount of effort, time, and specialized knowledge about the morphology and anatomy of mosquito larvae to accurately classify the various types. Therefore, a system is needed to classify Aedes and non-Aedes mosquito larvae. In this study, classification was carried out using larvae images taken using a digital microscope. The methods used to classify mosquito larvae images are Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to extract features from the larvae image and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) to classify the larvae image. The result obtained from evaluating the CNN-ELM model is an accuracy of 98%, f1-score of 99% for Aedes larvae, and fl-score of 96% for non-Aedes larvae. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Image classification

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REPRESENTATION SHATTERING IN TRANSFORMERS: A SYNTHETIC STUDY WITH KNOWLEDGE EDITING

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Nishi, Kento Okawa, Maya Ramesh, Rahul Khona, Mikail Tanaka, Hidenori Lubana, Ekdeep Singh CBS-NTT Program in Physics of Intelligence Harvard University United States Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Physics and Informatics Lab NTT Research Inc United States

Knowledge Editing (KE) algorithms alter models’ weights to perform targeted updates to incorrect, outdated, or otherwise unwanted factual associations. To better identify the possibilities and limitations of these approaches, recent work has shown that applying KE can adversely affect models’ factual recall accuracy and diminish their general reasoning abilities. While these studies give broad insights into the potential harms of KE algorithms, e.g., via performance evaluations on benchmarks, we argue little is understood as to why such destructive failures occur. Is it possible KE methods distort representations of concepts beyond the targeted fact, hence hampering abilities at broad? If so, what is the extent of this distortion? Motivated by such questions, we define a novel synthetic task wherein a Transformer is trained from scratch to internalize a "structured" knowledge graph. The structure enforces relationships between entities of the graph, such that editing a factual association has "trickling effects" on other entities in the graph (e.g., altering X’s parent is Y to Z affects who X’s siblings’ parent is). Through evaluations of edited models and analysis of extracted representations, we show that KE inadvertently affects representations of entities beyond the targeted one, distorting relevant structures that allow a model to infer unseen knowledge about an entity. We call this phenomenon representation shattering and demonstrate that it results in degradation of factual recall and reasoning performance more broadly. To corroborate our findings in a more naturalistic setup, we perform preliminary experiments with pre-trained Llama and Mamba models, reproducing the representation shattering effect therein as well. Overall, our work yields a precise mechanistic hypothesis to explain why KE has adverse effects on model abilities. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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IoT Attack Detection and Prevention Through Machine Learning System

IoT Attack Detection and Prevention Through Machine Learning...

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Communication, Security and Artificial Intelligence (ICCSAI), International Conference on

作者： Kanishk Agrawal Pavan Kumar Reddy Poli Yash Gupta Garv Juneja Adhip Kishen Bopaiah Dinesh Ashok Arani Department of IET CSE Manglayatan University Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India Managing Information Technology Implementations Program management for fortune 6 Healthcare Company USA Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Delhi India ICT Trainer Trinity College Bangalore India Manglayatan University Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India

Attacks on web applications are constantly growing in both frequency and severity. Abundant data on the internet stimulates hackers to attempt different types of cyberattacks. Attack detection using conventional approaches and outdated data processing techniques has become outmoded as a result of this development. The purpose of this study is to investigate IoT attacks and discuss the efficient ML technique implementation strategies for restricting security risks. Among different security techniques, Machine learning (ML) systems demonstrated commendable feasibility in improving network and device security for the Internet of Things. The study with contextual research recognises and comprehends that modified “Support Vector Machine (SVM)” as well as “Random Forest (RF)” ML techniques showed optimal performance in IoT attack detection and prevention.

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AVTENet: A Human-Cognition-Inspired Audio-Visual Transformer-Based Ensemble Network for Video Deepfake Detection

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IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 2025年

作者： Hashmi, Ammarah Shahzad, Sahibzada Adil Lin, Chia-Wen Tsao, Yu Wang, Hsin-Min Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Social Networks and Human-Centered Computing Program Taipei11529 Taiwan National Tsing Hua University Institute of Information Systems and Applications Hsinchu30013 Taiwan National Chengchi University Department of Computer Science Taipei11605 Taiwan National Tsing Hua University Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications Engineering Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Academia Sinica Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Taipei11529 Taiwan

The recent proliferation of hyper-realistic deepfake videos has drawn attention to the threat of audio and visual forgeries. Most previous studies on detecting artificial intelligence-generated fake videos only utilize visual modality or audio modality. While some methods exploit audio and visual modalities to detect forged videos, they have not been comprehensively evaluated on multimodal datasets of deepfake videos involving acoustic and visual manipulations, and are mostly based on convolutional neural networks with low detection accuracy. Considering that human cognition instinctively integrates multisensory information including audio and visual cues to perceive and interpret content and the success of transformer in various fields, this study introduces the audio-visual transformer-based ensemble network (AVTENet). This innovative framework tackles the complexities of deepfake technology by integrating both acoustic and visual manipulations to enhance the accuracy of video forgery detection. Specifically, the proposed model integrates several purely transformer-based variants that capture video, audio, and audio-visual salient cues to reach a consensus in prediction. For evaluation, we use the recently released benchmark multimodal audio-video FakeAVCeleb dataset. For a detailed analysis, we evaluate AVTENet, its variants, and several existing methods on multiple test sets of the FakeAVCeleb dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms all existing methods and achieves state-of-the-art performance on Testset-I and Testset-II of the FakeAVCeleb dataset. We also compare AVTENet against humans in detecting video forgery. The results show that AVTENet significantly outperforms humans. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： audio-visual AVTENet Deepfake detection

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Taxonomy of rough set approaches for rule generation

Taxonomy of rough set approaches for rule generation

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International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies (ICEET)

作者： Murni Marbun Opim Salim Sitompul Erna Budhiarti Nababan Poltak Sihombing Graduate Program of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665427159

The rough set method is one of the well-known methods for classifying an object. The rough set method has been used since Pawlak discovered it in 1982. The rough set method can analyze data related to redundant attribute reduction, find the most significant attributes and make decision rules. This article presents a taxonomy of rough set approaches for generating rules. The rough set method in generating rules has been successfully applied in various fields, such as classification, decision analysis of medical data, manufacturing processes, machine operations, predictive data, evaluation of television sets, iris fisher data, trading stock indexes, information systems, learning database systems, scientific diagnostics, force protection, KANSEI Engineering, prediction, customization provider strategy, force stabilizer system, scientific data and vehicle traffic. Several researchers since 2000 have combined the rough set method with other methods or algorithms to get fewer rules and not reduce classification accuracy. The results of combining these methods have been shown to improve the performance of the rough set method.

关键词： TV Manufacturing processes Taxonomy Force Rough sets Prediction algorithms Probability distribution

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