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Modeling for small cell networks in 5G communication environment

Telecommunication Systems 2022年第2期80卷 189-214页

作者： Kim, Tae-Yeun Singh, A. K. Ko, Hoon National Program of Excellence in Software Center Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Patna Patna India Research Institute of Computer Information Communications Chungbuk National University E8-7 Chungdae-ro 1 Seowon-ku Chungcheongbuk-do South Korea Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto Instituto Politecnico do Porto R. Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida 431 Porto Portugal

The small cell structure in which many cells are arranged per unit area by reducing the size of cells is a candidate technology for an increase in transmission capacity in the 5G environment. However, the decrease in the size of the cell led to additional problems such as increased inter cell interference and frequent cell changes owing to the movement of the terminal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to propose small cell dynamic channel allocation (SDCA) and hybrid and dynamic channel allocation (HDCA) using conventional reuse methods to improve the macro cell performance while efficiently utilizing scarce frequency resources. The proposed method facilitates an improved performance that is lacking for macro-cell users in the center area of the cell boundary for the network where conventional macro cells and small cells are superposed. Furthermore, to improve the performance, it can provide resources that are lacking in the small cells of the center. To evaluate the performance, the proposed method was compared to frequency reuse factor1 (FRF1), frequency reuse factor3 (FRF3), and fractional frequency reuse (FFR) methods in terms of the signal-to-interference/noise-ratio (SINR) of users of each macro cell and small cell, outage, capacity for each user, and total system capacity. As a result of comparing the SINR, it was confirmed that the performance of the macro cell users has improved by an average of 43.88% compared to FRF1, FRF3, and FFR, and the performance of small cell users has improved by an average of 4.31%. Comparison results show that the outage proportions of the macro and small cell users are 61.29% and 70.59% lower on average, respectively. A comparison of results show that the capacities of the macro and small cell users have also improved by 22.5% and 14.5% on average, respectively. As the comparison results of the total system capacity indicate, the proposed method shows an average improvement of 11.67%. In cases in which the added resources o

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Technical debt and agile software development practices and processes: An industry practitioner survey

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Holvitie, Johannes Licorish, Sherlock A. Spínola, Rodrigo O. Hyrynsalmi, Sami MacDonell, Stephen G. Mendes, Thiago S. Buchan, Jim Leppänen, Ville Turku Centre for Computer Science Software Development Laboratory Turku Finland University of Turku Department of Information Technology Turku Finland University of Otago Department of Information Science Otago Dunedin New Zealand Salvador University Graduate Program in Systems and Computer Bahia Salvador Brazil Federal University of Bahia Fraunhofer Project Center for Software and System Engineering Salvador Brazil Tampere University of Technology Pori Campus Pori Finland Federal Institute of Bahia Information Technology Department Bahia Santo Amaro Brazil Auckland University of Technology School of Engineering Computer and Mathematical Sciences Auckland New Zealand

Context: Contemporary software development is typically conducted in dynamic, resource-scarce environments that are prone to the accumulation of technical debt. While this general phenomenon is acknowledged, what remains unknown is how technical debt specifically manifests in and affects software processes, and how the software development techniques employed accommodate or mitigate the presence of this debt. Objectives: We sought to draw on practitioner insights and experiences in order to classify the effects of agile method use on technical debt management, given the popularity and perceived success of agile methods. We explore the breadth of practitioners' knowledge about technical debt;how technical debt is manifested across the software process;and the perceived effects of common agile software development practices and processes on technical debt. In doing so, we address a research gap in technical debt knowledge and provide novel and actionable managerial recommendations. Method: We designed, tested and executed a multi-national survey questionnaire to address our objectives, receiving 184 responses from practitioners in Brazil, Finland, and New Zealand. Results: Our findings indicate that: 1) Practitioners are aware of technical debt, although, there was under utilization of the concept, 2) Technical debt commonly resides in legacy systems, however, concrete instances of technical debt are hard to conceptualize which makes it problematic to manage, 3) Queried agile practices and processes help to reduce technical debt;in particular, techniques that verify and maintain the structure and clarity of implemented artifacts (e.g., Coding standards and Refactoring) positively affect technical debt management. Conclusions: The fact that technical debt instances tend to have characteristics in common means that a systematic approach to its management is feasible. However, notwithstanding the positive effects of some agile practices on technical debt management, comp

关键词： Legacy systems

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On the extension of Batty's theorem on the semigroup asymptotic stability

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Sklyar, Grigory M. Polak, Piotr Wasilewski, Bartosz Institute of Mathematics University of Szczecin Wielkopolska 15 Szczecin70-451 Poland Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin Zolnierska 49 Szczecin71-210 Poland Institute of Mathematics University of Szczecin Doctoral School Mickiewicza 16 Szczecin70-383 Poland

The well-known Batty's theorem states that if a C0-semigroup T(t) is bounded and the spectrum of the generator A is contained in the open left-half plane of ℂ, then ||T(t)A-1|| tends to 0. This can be thought of as a particular case of a more general property that, for ω0> -∞ and (ω0+i)∩σ(A) = ∅ it holds ||T(t)(A-ω0I)-1||/||T (t)|| tends to 0. We show that it is true for ||T(t)|| regular enough, however we give examples of unbounded semigroups, with the spectrum of the generator not contained in the open left-half plane of ℂ, with the above property. Moreover we give a more general sufficient condition for this property to hold, thus extending Batty's *** Codes 47D06 © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Asymptotic stability

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Scalable Authentication and Optimal Flooding in a Quantum Network

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PRX Quantum 2022年第2期3卷 020311-020311页

作者： Naomi R. Solomons Alasdair I. Fletcher Djeylan Aktas Natarajan Venkatachalam Sören Wengerowsky Martin Lončarić Sebastian P. Neumann Bo Liu Željko Samec Mario Stipčević Rupert Ursin Stefano Pirandola John G. Rarity Siddarth Koduru Joshi Quantum Engineering Technology Labs and Quantum Engineering Centre for Doctoral Training Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1FD United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University of York York YO10 5GH United Kingdom Quantum Engineering Technology Labs H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1UB United Kingdom Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information—Vienna (IQOQI) and Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ) 1090 Vienna Austria Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques (ICFO) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Castelldefels Barcelona 08860 Spain Photonics and Quantum Optics Research Unit Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices Ruđer Bošković Institute 10000 Zagreb Croatia College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies NUDT Changsha 410073 China

The global interest in quantum networks stems from the security guaranteed by the laws of physics. The deployment of quantum networks means facing the challenges of scaling up the physical hardware and, more importantly, of scaling up all other network layers and optimally utilizing network resources. Here, we consider two related protocols and their experimental demonstrations on an eight-user quantum network test bed, and discuss their usefulness with the aid of example use cases. First, we consider an authentication-transfer protocol to manage a fundamental limitation of quantum communication—the need for a preshared key between every pair of users linked together on the quantum network. By temporarily trusting some intermediary nodes for a short period of time (<35min in our network), we can generate and distribute these initial authentication keys with a very high level of security. Second, when end users quantify their trust in intermediary nodes, our flooding protocol can be used to improve both end-to-end communication speeds and increase security against malicious nodes.

关键词： Quantum communication Quantum cryptography Quantum networks

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Reduce Fingerprint Construction for Positioning IoT Devices Based on Generative Adversarial Nets 1

Reduce Fingerprint Construction for Positioning IoT Devices ...

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1st International Conference on Pervasive Artificial Intelligence, ICPAI 2020

作者： Tarekegn, Getaneh Berie Juang, Rong-Terng Lin, Hsin-Piao Munaye, Yirga Yayeh Belay Adege, Abebe National Taipei University of Technology Department of International Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Taipei Taiwan Feng Chia University Department of Electronic Engineering Taichung Taiwan National Taipei University of Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Taipei Taiwan Debre Markos University Department of Information Technology Debre Markos Ethiopia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665404839

Fingerprint-based positioning is popular and applicable for Internet of Things (IoT) applications to offer seamless, intelligent and adaptive location-aware services for IoT devices. However, it takes time and cost to build the radio-map. This paper proposed deep convolutional Generative adversarial nets (DCGANs) to minimize the site survey time and cost, and to mitigate signal fluctuations. The radio-map was designed for receiving radio signals from detectable wireless local area network (WLAN) and cellular networks in scalable environments. The proposed fingerprinting-based positioning is a sequential combination of the hybrid support vector machine and long short-term memory algorithms. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves a promising and reasonable positioning performance for IoT devices in scalable wireless environments. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Support vector machines

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An intelligent applied Fuzzy Logic to prediction the Parts per Million (PPM) as hydroponic nutrition on the based Internet of Things (IoT) 4

An intelligent applied Fuzzy Logic to prediction the Parts p...

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4th International Conference on Informatics and Computing, ICIC 2019

作者： Musa, Purnawarman Sugeru, Herik Mufza, Haya Fadhila Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universitas Gunadarma Indonesia Faculty of Industrial Technology Study Program of Agrotechnology Universitas Gunadarma Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728122076

Hydroponic plants require regular monitoring of plants that grow well and can even cause plants to die. Because too late in providing nutrition or getting too little or too little food or routine monitoring in the hydroponic system. The innovation proposed in the agricultural sector that we suggest is the process of monitoring hydroponic plants in real-time. This study aims to predict the excess or lack of nutrient content based on the results of routine monitoring and has the analytical ability to determine the prediction of the value of Parts per Million (PPM) to find the nutritional value of plant media. Measurement of nutritional value using Electrical Conductivity (EC) and the potential of Hydrogen (pH) in hydroponic plant media. In this research, using the NFT hydroponic system as the application of fuzzy logic with the Mamdani method to determine the predictions of PPM values in providing nutrients at plants to adjusting the nutritional at each plant (e.g., for water spinach plants are need 1050 until 1400 PPM). The implemented is method Internet of Things (IoT) to remote sensing on measure using a smartphone as the representation of the measurement results on the hydroponic system. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Hydroponics

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SRGAN with Total Variation Loss in Face Super-Resolution

SRGAN with Total Variation Loss in Face Super-Resolution

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National Foundation for science and technology Development Conference on information and computer science (NICS)

作者： Hai Nguyen-Truong Khoa N. A. Nguyen San Cao Advanced Program in Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam

ISBN: (数字)9780738105536

ISBN: (纸本)9781665405188

Facial image super-resolution is a crucial preprocessing for facial image analysis, face recognition, and image-based 3D face reconstruction. Convolutional neural networks were earlier used to produce high-resolution images that train quicker and shown excellent performance by learning mapping relation using pairs of low-resolution and high-resolution images. However, in some cases, they are incapable of recovering finer details and often generate blurry images. In this paper, we evaluate a method of applying Generative adversarial networks in generating realistic super-resolution images from low-resolution ones by using three typical losses for super-resolution: Content Loss, Adversarial Loss, Perceptual Loss, and proposed to use Total Variation Loss. We try different pre-trained famous Convolutional neural networks models (VGG19, FaceNet, and EfficientNet) in Perceptual Loss to have a general view with different backbones. Our network gains 32.67 of Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and 0.89 of Structural similarity index (SSIM) in 100 random samples from the Flickr-Faces-HQ dataset.

关键词： Training Visualization PSNR Face recognition Superresolution Feature extraction Convolutional neural networks

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GAN Generated Portraits Detection Using Modified VGG-16 and EfficientNet

GAN Generated Portraits Detection Using Modified VGG-16 and ...

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National Foundation for science and technology Development Conference on information and computer science (NICS)

作者： Kha-Luan Pham Khanh-Mai Dang Loi-Phat Tang Thanh-Nhan Nguyen Advanced Program in Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam

ISBN: (数字)9780738105536

ISBN: (纸本)9781665405188

Generative Adversarial Networks can generate deceptive portraits of people who do not exist. The misuse of this technology leads to severe security issues such as fake identities and credentials. Since 2017, many works on Deep Learning have focused on detecting GAN synthesized images to prevent the threat against credibility in media. In this work, the authors propose a lightweight VGG-like model to detect state-of-the-art StyleGAN generated portraits. The authors also adopt EfficientNet-B0 to train a classifier on the same StyleGAN architecture. The VGG-like model and EfficientNet-based model achieve 98.9% and 100%, respectively, on the StyleGAN dataset published by Nvidia in 2019. Both models show the potential in generalizing to other GAN architectures and synthetic technologies.

关键词： Computational modeling Transfer learning computer architecture Network architecture Generative adversarial networks Security Task analysis

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Riemann-Encircling Exceptional Points for Efficient Asymmetric Polarization-Locked Devices

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Physical Review Letters 2022年第12期129卷 127401-127401页

作者： Aodong Li Weijin Chen Heng Wei Guowei Lu Andrea Alù Cheng-Wei Qiu Lin Chen Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York New York 10031 USA Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York New York 10016 USA

Dynamically encircling exceptional points (EPs) have unveiled intriguing chiral dynamics in photonics. However, the traditional approach based on an open manifold of Hamiltonian parameter space fails to explore trajectories that pass through an infinite boundary. Here, by mapping the full parameter space onto a closed manifold of the Riemann sphere, we introduce a framework to describe encircling-EP loops. We demonstrate that an encircling trajectory crossing the north vertex can realize near-unity asymmetric transmission. An efficient gain-free, broadband asymmetric polarization-locked device is realized by mapping the encircling path onto L-shaped silicon waveguides.

关键词： PT-symmetric quantum mechanics Photonics

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Analysis of Decision Tree and Smooth Support Vector Machine Methods on Data Mining 1

Analysis of Decision Tree and Smooth Support Vector Machine ...

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1st International Conference on computer science and Applied Mathematic, ICCSAM 2018

作者： Sitepu, Natalina Br Sawaluddin Zarlis, M. Efendi, Syahril Dhany, Hanna Willa Informatic Engineering Study Program Magister Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universitas Sumatra Utara Medan Indonesia

This research is about smooth support vector machine (SSVM) and Decision Tree in data mining. Many researchers conduct and develop methods to improve the accuracy and classification of data on good results. This research was conducted by conducting an experiment on STMIK Neumann Medan student data. In this study, it was concluded that Decision Tree performance is better than SSVM, Decision Tree gets very good results that promise to help find the best students to get scholarships. This study is better than SSVM. The training process has a difference of 11.04% and the testing process is 10.08% with each Accuracy. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Decision trees

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