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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

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The Lancet Global Health 2023年第3期11卷 e385-e413页

作者： Micah, Angela E. Bhangdia, Kayleigh Cogswell, Ian E. Lasher, Dylan Lidral-Porter, Brendan Maddison, Emilie R. Nguyen, Trang Nhu Ngoc Patel, Nishali Pedroza, Paola Solorio, Juan Stutzman, Hayley Tsakalos, Golsum Wang, Yifeng Warriner, Wesley Zhao, Yingxi Zlavog, Bianca S. Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Jaffar Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abhilash, E.S. Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abubaker Ali, Hiwa Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adem, Mohammed Hussien Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed Rashid, Tarik Aji, Budi Akbarialiabad, Hossein Akelew, Yibeltal Al Hamad, Hanadi Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled Alhassan, Robert Kaba Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Tudorel Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Appiah, Francis Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Aremu, Olatunde Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Abere Tilahun Barrow, Amadou Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Sanjay Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Baune, Bernhard T. Berezvai, Zombor Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Boachie, Micheal Kofi Bodolica, Virginia Botelho, João Silva Botelho Braithwaite, Dejana Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. Busse, Reinhard Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Catalá-López, Ferrán Chansa, Collins Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, Simiao Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Dadras, Omid Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargahi, Abdollah Debela, Sisay Abebe Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Desye, Belay Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diao, Nancy Doan, Linh Phuong Dodangeh, Milad dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshmangir, Leila Dube, John Eini, Ebrahim El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enyew, Daniel Berhanie Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Antai College of Economics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Children’s Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Institute for Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Cardiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurosurgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic R

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic;characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic;and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019;293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided

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Mapping the Human Body at Cellular Resolution -- The NIH Common Fund Human BioMolecular Atlas Program

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Snyder, Michael P. Lin, Shin Posgai, Amanda Atkinson, Mark Regev, Aviv Rood, Jennifer Rozenblatt-Rosen, Orit Gaffney, Leslie Hupalowska, Anna Satija, Rahul Gehlenborg, Nils Shendure, Jay Laskin, Julia Harbury, Pehr Nystrom, Nicholas A. Bar-Joseph, Ziv Zhang, Kun Börner, Katy Lin, Yiing Conroy, Richard Procaccini, Dena Roy, Ananda L. Pillai, Ajay Brown, Marishka Galis, Zorina S. Cai, Long Shendure, Jay Trapnell, Cole Lin, Shin Jackson, Dana Snyder, Michael P. Nolan, Garry Greenleaf, William James Lin, Yiing Plevritis, Sylvia Ahadi, Sara Lee, Hayan Nevins, Stephanie Esplin, Ed Horning, Aaron Bahmani, Amir Zhang, Kun Sun, Xin Jain, Sanjay Hagood, James Kharchenko, Peter Atkinson, Mark Bodenmiller, Bernd Brusko, Todd Clare-Salzler, Michael Nick, Harry Otto, Kevin Posgai, Amanda Wasserfall, Clive Maffioletti, Sergio Caprioli, Richard M. Spraggins, Jeffrey M. Gutierrez, Danielle Patterson, Nathan Heath Neumann, Elizabeth K. Harris, Raymond deCaestecker, Mark de Plas, Raf Van Lau, Ken Cai, Long Yuan, Guo-Cheng Zhu, Qian Dries, Ruben Yin, Peng Saka, Sinem K. Kishi, Jocelyn Y. Wang, Yu Goldaracena, Isabel Laskin, Julia Ye, DongHye Burnum-Johnson, Kristin E. Piehowski, Paul D. Ansong, Charles Zhu, Ying Harbury, Pehr Desai, Tushar Mulye, Jay Chou, Peter Nagendran, Monica Bar-Joseph, Ziv Teichmann, Sarah A. Paten, Benedict Murphy, Robert F. Ma, Jian Kiselev, Vladimir Yu Kingsford, Carl Ricarte, Allyson Ruffalo, Matthew Gehlenborg, Nils Kharchenko, Peter Vella, Margaret McCallum, Chuck Börner, Katy Cross, Leonard E. Friedman, Samuel H. Heiland, Randy Herr, Bruce Macklin, Paul Quardokus, Ellen M. Record, Lisel Sluka, James P. Weber, Griffin M. Nystrom, Nicholas A. Silverstein, Jonathan C. Blood, Philip D. Ropelewski, Alexander J. Shirey, William E. Mabee, Paula Lenhardt, W. Christopher Robasky, Kimberly Michailidis, Stavros Satija, Rahul Marioni, John Regev, Aviv Butler, Andrew Stuart, Tim Fisher, Eyal Ghazanfar, Shila Rood, Jennifer Gaffney, Leslie Ersalan, Gokcen Biancalani, Tommaso Conroy, Richard Procaccini, Dena Roy, Anan School of Medicine Stanford University 300 Pasteur Drive United States Department of Genetics Stanford School of Medicine StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Medicine University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Pathology University of Florida Diabetes Institute GainesvilleFL32610 United States Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA02142 United States Howard Hughes Medical Institute Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02140 United States New York Genome Center New York CityNY10013 United States New York University New YorkNY10012 United States Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School BostonMA02115 United States Department of Genome Sciences University of Washington SeattleWA98105 United States Department of Chemistry Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Department of Biochemistry Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCA94305 United States Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Computational Biology School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego La JollaCA92093 United States Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering School of Informatics Computing and Engineering Indiana University BloomingtonIN47408 United States Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St LouisMO63110 United States Division of Program Coordination Planning and Strategic Initiatives National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD20892 United States National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD20892 United States National Heart Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD20892 United States Caltech-UW TMC Departmen

Transformative technologies are enabling the construction of three dimensional (3D) maps of tissues with unprecedented spatial and molecular resolution. Over the next seven years, the NIH Common Fund Human Biomolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP) intends to develop a widely accessible framework for comprehensively mapping the human body at single-cell resolution by supporting technology development, data acquisition, and detailed spatial mapping. HuBMAP will integrate its efforts with other funding agencies, programs, consortia, and the biomedical research community at large towards the shared vision of a comprehensive, accessible 3D molecular and cellular atlas of the human body, in health and various disease settings. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mapping

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Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2022年第7期6卷 e586-e600页

作者： Burkart, Katrin Causey, Kate Cohen, Aaron J Wozniak, Sarah S Salvi, Devashri Digvijay Abbafati, Cristiana Adekanmbi, Victor Adsuar, Jose C Ahmadi, Keivan Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alipour, Vahid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amegah, Adeladza Kofi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Ansari, Fereshteh Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Aripov, Timur Babaee, Ebrahim Banach, MacIej Barnett, Anthony Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Bedi, Neeraj Behzadifar, Masoud Béjot, Yannick Bennett, Derrick A Bensenor, Isabela M Bernstein, Robert S Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Biondi, Antonio Bohlouli, Somayeh Breitner, Susanne Brenner, Hermann Butt, Zahid A Cámera, Luis Alberto Cantu-Brito, Carlos Carvalho, Felix Cerin, Ester Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chauhan, Bal Govind Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine Chu, Dinh-Toi Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Daryani, Ahmad Davletov, Kairat De Courten, Barbora Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhimal, Meghnath Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Duncan, Bruce B El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Eskandarieh, Sharareh Fareed, Mohammad Farzadfar, Farshad Fattahi, Nazir Fazlzadeh, Mehdi Fernandes, Eduarda Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A Freitas, Marisa Ghashghaee, Ahmad Gill, Paramjit Singh Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Gopalani, Sameer Vali Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rajat Das Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie Hamadeh, Randah R Hamidi, Samer Hankey, Graeme J Hasanpoor, Edris Hassen, Hamid Yimam Hay, Simon I Heibati, Behzad Hole, Michael K Hossain, Naznin Househ, Mowafa Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Jaafari, Jalil Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Kasaeian, Amir Kaydi, Neda Khader, Yousef Saleh Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khatab, Khaled Khater, Amir M Kim, Yun Jin Kimokoti, Ruth W Kisa, Adnan Kivimäki, Mika Knibbs, Luke D Kosen, Soewarta Koul, Parvaiz A Koyanagi, Ai Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kugbey, Nuworza Lauriola, Paolo Lee, Paul H Leili, Mostafa Lewycka, Sonia Li, Shanshan Lim, Lee-Ling Li Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA United States Research Insights and Innovation Seattle WA United States Health Effects Institute Boston MA United States School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Population Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Sport Science Department University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) St Louis MO United States Health Management and Economics Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Community and Family Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast) Barranquilla Colombia Research Group in Health Economics University of Cartagena Cartagena Colombia Department of Biomedical Science University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Cardiology Department Ca

Background: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM_2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM_2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM_2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Am

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Flat Rotman lens for 5G beamforming antenna

Flat Rotman lens for 5G beamforming antenna

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IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP)

作者： Muhammad Kamran Khattak Changhyung Lee Dajung Han Sungtek Kahng Department of Information Technologies Università degli Studi di Milano Doctoral School of Computer Science Crema Italy Doctoral School of Applied Informatics and Applied Mathematics Obuda University Budapest Hungary Antal Bejczy Center for Intelligent Robotics (ABC iRob) Obuda University Budapest Hungary Institute of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering Obuda University Budapest Hungary Department of Mathematics and Informatics J. Selye University Komarno Slovakia Department of Information Technologies Università degli Studi di Milano Crema Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781467372381

In this paper, a planar Rotman lens featured as beamforming and multiple beams is presented, aimed at the potential use for 5G communication. The feeding network and the radiating patches are made as a single layer Taconic-microstrip structure for a 24-GHz area operation for low cost and practicality. The beamforming characteristics are verified by the full-wave simulation which is validated by the fabrication and measurement.

关键词： Lenses Ports (computers) Feeds Array signal processing 5G mobile communication Microstrip

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Author Correction: The European Reference Genome Atlas: piloting a decentralised approach to equitable biodiversity genomics

npj biodiversity

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npj biodiversity 2024年第1期3卷 31页

作者： Ann M Mc Cartney Giulio Formenti Alice Mouton Diego De Panis Luísa S Marins Henrique G Leitão Genevieve Diedericks Joseph Kirangwa Marco Morselli Judit Salces-Ortiz Nuria Escudero Alessio Iannucci Chiara Natali Hannes Svardal Rosa Fernández Tim De Pooter Geert Joris Mojca Strazisar Jonathan M D Wood Katie E Herron Ole Seehausen Phillip C Watts Felix Shaw Robert P Davey Alice Minotto José M Fernández Astrid Böhne Carla Alegria Tyler Alioto Paulo C Alves Isabel R Amorim Jean-Marc Aury Niclas Backstrom Petr Baldrian Laima Baltrunaite Endre Barta Bertrand BedHom Caroline Belser Johannes Bergsten Laurie Bertrand Helena Bilandija Mahesh Binzer-Panchal Iliana Bista Mark Blaxter Paulo A V Borges Guilherme Borges Dias Mirte Bosse Tom Brown Rémy Bruggmann Elena Buena-Atienza Josephine Burgin Elena Buzan Alessia Cariani Nicolas Casadei Matteo Chiara Sergio Chozas Fedor Čiampor Angelica Crottini Corinne Cruaud Fernando Cruz Love Dalen Alessio De Biase Javier Del Campo Teo Delic Alice B Dennis Martijn F L Derks Maria Angela Diroma Mihajla Djan Simone Duprat Klara Eleftheriadi Philine G D Feulner Jean-François Flot Giobbe Forni Bruno Fosso Pascal Fournier Christine Fournier-Chambrillon Toni Gabaldon Shilpa Garg Carmela Gissi Luca Giupponi Jessica Gomez-Garrido Josefa González Miguel L Grilo Björn Grüning Thomas Guerin Nadege Guiglielmoni Marta Gut Marcel P Haesler Christoph Hahn Balint Halpern Peter W Harrison Julia Heintz Maris Hindrikson Jacob Höglund Kerstin Howe Graham M Hughes Benjamin Istace Mark J Cock Franc Janžekovič Zophonias O Jonsson Sagane Joye-Dind Janne J Koskimäki Boris Krystufek Justyna Kubacka Heiner Kuhl Szilvia Kusza Karine Labadie Meri Lähteenaro Henrik Lantz Anton Lavrinienko Lucas Leclère Ricardo Jorge Lopes Ole Madsen Ghislaine Magdelenat Giulia Magoga Tereza Manousaki Tapio Mappes Joao Pedro Marques Gemma I Martinez Redondo Florian Maumus Shane A McCarthy Hendrik-Jan Megens Jose Melo-Ferreira Sofia L Mendes Matteo Montagna Joao Moreno Mai-Britt Mosbech Mónica Moura Zuzana Musilova Eugene Myers Will J N Genomics Institute University of California Santa Cruz CA USA. anmmccar@ucsc.edu. The Vertebrate Genome Laboratory The Rockefeller University New York NY USA. Department of Biology University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy. InBios-Conservation Genetics Laboratory University of Liege Liege Belgium. Leibniz Institut für Zoo und Wildtierforschung Berlin Germany. Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research Berlin Germany. Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium. Institute of Zoology University of Cologne Cologne Germany. Department of Chemistry Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma Parma Italy. Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Barcelona Spain. Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden The Netherlands. Neuromics Support Facility VIB Center for Molecular Neurology VIB Antwerp Belgium. Neuromics Support Facility Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium. Tree of Life Wellcome Sanger Institute Hinxton Cambridge UK. School of Biology and Environmental Science University College Dublin Belfield Ireland. Aquatic Ecology & Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland. Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution Eawag Kastanienbaum Switzerland. Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyvaskyla Jyvaskyla Finland. The Earlham Institute Norwich Research Park Norwich UK. Digital Science London UK. Barcelona Supercomputing Center Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute ELIXIR Spain Getafe Spain. Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change Museum Koenig Bonn Bonn Germany. CE3C-Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande Lisboa Portugal. Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG) Barcelona Spain. Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain. CIBIO C

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Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 395, pg 1779, 2020)

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LANCET 2020年第10239期395卷 1762-1762页

作者： Reiner, R. C., Jr. Hay, S., I Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Public Health Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Biology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Microbiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Iran National Institute of Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and

Summary Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood *** We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor *** The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy *** By co-analysing geospatial trends in d

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Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第10期8卷 e633-e651页

作者： Jahagirdar, Deepa Walters, Magdalene K. Novotney, Amanda Brewer, Edmond D. Frank, Tahvi D. Carter, Austin Biehl, Molly H. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E.S. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghababaei, Soodabeh Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Almustanyir, Sami Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Arulappan, Judie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Darshan, B.B. Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana Berheto, Tezera Moshago Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bisignano, Catherine Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Boltaev, Azizbek A. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Cao, Chao Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi das Neves, José Degenhardt, Louisa Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Deuba, Keshab Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dorostkar, Fariba Edinur, Hisham Atan Effiong, Andem Eftekharzadeh, Sahar El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Elayedath, Rajesh Elhadi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeones Columbia University Medical Center New York NY United States Division of Data Analytics and Delivery for Impact WHO Geneva Switzerland Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Botany Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur Kozhikode India Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mass Communication Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health-Care Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Population Medicine Ca

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was

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Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study (vol 2, pg 144, 2021)

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LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021年第4期9卷 E408-E408页

作者： Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom Biomedical Informatics Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute of Health Services Research Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Mathematics Imperial College London London United Kingdom WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science UNSW Sydney NSW Australia Brien Holden Vision Institute Sydney Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia Department of Parasitology and Mycology Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Ophthalmic Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Ophthalmology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Health Services Management Department Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran Department of Systems Populations and Leadership University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Medicine Sofia Ismail Memorial Medical Centre Bogura Bangladesh The Fred Hollows Foundation Sydney NSW Australia Berhan Public Health & Eye Care Consultancy Addis A

Hospital El Salvador: a novel paradigm of intensive care in response to COVID-19 in central America. Lancet Glob Health 2021;9: e241?42?In this Comment, the conflict of interest statement should have included the following: ?By virtue of their roles within a public hospital or the Ministry of Health, MB, LC, WH, and XS are government employees. The findings and conclusions in the Comment are only those of the authors.? This correction has been made as of Feb 26, 2021.

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Replacement of parameter tuning with simple calculation in adaptive control using “Sigmoid generated fixed point transformation”

Replacement of parameter tuning with simple calculation in a...

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International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY)

作者： Adrienn Dineva József K. Tar Annamária Várkonyi-Kóczy Vincenzo Piuri Department of Information Technologies Università degli Studi di Milano Doctoral School of Computer Science Crema Italy Doctoral School of Applied Informatics and Applied Mathematics Obuda University Budapest Hungary Obudai Egyetem Budapest HU Institute of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering Obuda University Budapest Hungary Department of Mathematics and Informatics J. Selye University Komarno Slovakia Department of Information Technologies Università degli Studi di Milano Crema Italy

Lately a systematic method was presented for the generation of whole families of Fixed Point Transformations that can be used in nonlinear adaptive control of Single Input - Single Output (SISO) as well as Multiple Input - Multiple Output (MIMO) systems as alternatives of Lyapunov's direct method. This transformation was called Sigmoid Generated Fixed Point Transformation (SGFPT). This paper introduces new improvements on this alternative approach. It is shown that in contrast to the original Robust Fixed Point Transformation (RFPT), for guaranteeing the global stability of the control, instead of tuning, a simple estimation can be done for one of the adaptive control parameters. The novel method is demonstrated by the adaptive control of a 2 Degree of Freedom (DoF) TORA system. Simulation results validate that the suggested approach is beneficial and ensures satisfactory performance.

关键词： Tuning Adaptive control Trajectory Robots Mathematical model

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Modeling and optimizing to certification collection system of multi-agent

Modeling and optimizing to certification collection system o...

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9th International Symposium on Linear Drives for Industry Applications, LDIA 2013

作者： Wei, Xing Chen, Zhen Liu, Lei School of Computer and Information Hefei University of Technology Hefei China Post-Doctoral Research Institute of Computer Science and Technology Hefei University of Technology Hefei China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Anhui University Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9783642406324

To tackle the fast reconstruction problem of trust chains, a new collection system model of trusted certificate entries is proposed. The prototype of collection system based on Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGI) middleware was also brought out, where agents dynamically traveled among entities with centralized management. Then the agents' traveling route policy was given, which came from improved Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) problem solution. The single division and bilateral propagation were introduced for network loading balance with rational agents' quantities. The Monte Carlo simulation results confirm the correctness and efficiency of our schemes. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014.

关键词： Chains

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