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IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)

作者： Georgios Mylonas Athanasios Kalogeras Sobah Abbas Petersen Luis Muñoz Ioannis Chatzigiannakis Industrial Systems Institute Athena Research Center Patras Greece Dpt. of Computer Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Dpt. of Communications Engineering Universidad de Cantabria Santander Spain Dpt. of Computer Control and Management Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

ISBN: (数字)9798350364316

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364323

Smart cities have been a very active research area in the past 20 years, while continuously adapting to new technological advancements and keeping up with the times regarding sustainability and climate change. In this context, there have been numerous proposals to expand the scope of smart cities, focusing on resilience and sustainability, among other aspects, resulting in terms like smart sustainable cities. At the same time, there is an ongoing discussion regarding the degree in which smart cities put people at their centre. In this work, we argue toward expanding the current smart city definition by integrating the circular economy as one of its central pillars and adopting the term smart (and) circular city. We discuss the ways a smart and circular city encompasses both sustainability and smartness in an integral manner, while also being well-positioned to foster novel business activity and models and helping to place citizens at the heart of the smart city. In this sense, we also argue that previous research in smart cities and technologies, such as those related to Industry 4.0, can serve as a cornerstone to implement circular economy activities within cities, at a scale that exceeds current activities that are based on more conventional approaches. We also outline current open challenges in this domain and research questions that still need to be addressed.

关键词： Heart Climate change Smart cities Ecosystems Focusing Fourth Industrial Revolution Proposals Sustainable development Resilience Business

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Physical & Chemical Water-sorption Processes in the MgAl2O4Ceramics 12

Physical & Chemical Water-sorption Processes in the MgAl2O4C...

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12th IEEE International Conference "Nanomaterials: Applications and Properties", NAP 2022

作者： Klym, Halyna Karbovnyk, Ivan Vasylchyshyn, Ivanna Lviv Polytechnic National University Specialized Computer Systems Dpt. Lviv Ukraine Ivan Franko Nationak University Of Lviv Electronics And Computer Technology Dpt. Lviv Ukraine Lviv Polytechnic National University Theoretical And General Electrical Engineering Dpt. Lviv Ukraine

ISBN: (数字)9781665489829

ISBN: (纸本)9781665489829

Structural properties and physical and chemical water-sorption processes were investigated in the humidity-sensitive MgAl2O4 ceramics sintered at 1300 °C for 2 h under the influence of water. It is shown that ceramics has developed the structure of grains, grain boundaries and pores with trimodal pore size distribution. It is established that absorbed water in ceramics result in more intensive trapping of positrons in extended defects near grain boundaries. Furthermore, the presence of water in the inner structure of ceramics leads to specific fragmentation of free volume in the nanopores and ortho-positronium decaying in the water. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Nanopores

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When Circular Economy Meets the Smart City Ecosystem: Defining the Smart and Circular City

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Mylonas, Georgios Kalogeras, Athanasios Petersen, Sobah Abbas Muñoz, Luis Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis Industrial Systems Institute Athena Research Center Patras Greece Dpt. of Computer Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Dpt. of Communications Engineering Universidad de Cantabria Santander Spain Dpt. of Computer Control and Management Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

关键词： Circular economy

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A comprehensive study on fidelity metrics for XAI

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Miró-Nicolau, Miquel Jaume-I-Capó, Antoni Moyà-Alcover, Gabriel UGiVIA Research Group University of the Balearic Islands Dpt. of Mathematics and Computer Science Palma07122 Spain University of the Balearic Islands Dpt. of Mathematics and Computer Science Palma07122 Spain

The use of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) systems has introduced a set of challenges that need resolution. Herein, we focus on how to correctly select an XAI method, an open questions within the field. The inherent difficulty of this task is due to the lack of a ground truth. Several authors have proposed metrics to approximate the fidelity of different XAI methods. These metrics lack verification and have concerning disagreements. In this study, we proposed a novel methodology to verify fidelity metrics, using a well-known transparent model, namely a decision tree. This model allowed us to obtain explanations with perfect fidelity. Our proposal constitutes the first objective benchmark for these metrics, facilitating a comparison of existing proposals, and surpassing existing methods. We applied our benchmark to assess the existing fidelity metrics in two different experiments, each using public datasets comprising 52,000 images. The images from these datasets had a size a 128 by 128 pixels and were synthetic data that simplified the training process. All metric values, indicated a lack of fidelity, with the best one showing a 30 % deviation from the expected values for perfect explanation. Our experimentation led us to conclude that the current fidelity metrics are not reliable enough to be used in real scenarios. From this finding, we deemed it necessary to development new metrics, to avoid the detected problems, and we recommend the usage of our proposal as a benchmark within the scientific community to address these limitations. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Decision trees

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computer-Aided Lung Auscultation Screening and Radiographic Evaluation of Pediatric Pneumonia 46

Computer-Aided Lung Auscultation Screening and Radiographic ...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Kala, Annapurna Chong, Daniel Baqui, Abdullah H. Ahmed, Salahuddin Islam, Asmd Ashraful Chowdhury, Nabid Roy, Arunangshu McCollum, Eric D. Elhilali, Mounya Johns Hopkins University Lab. for Computational Audio Perception Dpt. Electrical & Computer Engineering United States Projahnmo Research Foundation Dhaka Bangladesh Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Dpt. International Health United States Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Global Program in Pediatric Respiratory Sciences Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences Dpt. Pediatrics Baltimore United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

While chest auscultations provide an accessible and low-cost tool for pediatric pneumonia diagnosis, its subjectivity and low reliability continues to hinder its inclusion in global pneumonia guidelines;eventhough more robust tools like chest radiography also suffer from cost and accessibility issues. Advances in computer-aided analytics is offering more robust tools for interpreting digital auscultation signals though little has been done to explore variations of lung sounds across different chest positions and the correspondence between auscultations and specific radiographic findings. The present study explores interpretation of lung auscultations across chest positions in a pediatric pneumonia population, using a deep neural network classification of normal and abnormal breathing patterns. The results reveal a strong alignment between computer-aided auscultation findings and radiographic interpretation not only in terms of presence of adventitious lung patterns, but also in terms of localizing the abnormality along the left or right lung. Though evaluated in a small clinical population, this research underscores the potential of computer-aided auscultation analysis as a cost-effective substitute for radiography in resource-limited settings. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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A robust Carrier Frequency and Timing Offset Estimation in Inter-UAV OFDM Communication Links

A robust Carrier Frequency and Timing Offset Estimation in I...

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International Multi-Topic ICT Conference (IMTIC)

作者： Farzana Kulsoom Iraj Fatima Hassan Nazeer Chaudhry Aneeqa Gul Adeel Akram Telecommunication Engineering Dpt. University of Engineering and Technology Taxila Pakistan Computer Science Dpt. Barani Institute of Technology Rawalpindi Pakistan

The UAV-mounted base station has been integrated into 5G and beyond to provide communication in an emergency when conventional systems fail due to some reason. Moreover, it is also used in coverage enhancement and for other strategic purposes. In this work, we have considered a MIMO-OFDM based UAV system that is inclined to fast-fading channels due to the continuous motion of UAVs. Due to the mobility of UAVs, there is a frequency and timing offset which must be estimated for proper and seamless communication. For that purpose, we have proposed a data-aided maximum likelihood-based scheme that efficiently estimates the carrier frequency and timing offset. Results show that our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art system in terms of MSE.

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Optimizing Federated Learning through Lightweight and Scalable Blockchain

Optimizing Federated Learning through Lightweight and Scalab...

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International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS)

作者： Georgios Andronikidis George Niotis Charis Eleftheriadis Konstantinos Kyranou Sotiris Nikoletseas Panagiotis Sarigiannidis Sidroco Holdings Ltd Nicosia Cyprus Dpt. of Computer Engineering & Informatics University of Patras Patras Greece Dpt. of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Western Macedonia Kozani Greece

ISBN: (数字)9798350369441

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369458

In recent years, the increased focus on preserving data privacy, the advancements in machine learning, and the ongoing innovations in blockchain technology have sparked significant interest in implementing blockchain-based federated learning frameworks. Proposed solutions primarily focus on addressing the growing size of the blockchain in relation to machine learning algorithms, particularly the number of parameters involved in federated learning. However, the expanding blockchain scale results in increased time requirements, making many solutions impractical. In light of these issues, our research introduces a proof-of-concept for a lightweight, scalable, and modular blockchain network using Hyperledger Fabric to enhance federated learning. Performance evaluations using Hyperledger Caliper show that the proposed blockchain network effectively improves federated learning without compromising latency and throughput. Experimental results affirm blockchain’s proficiency in managing substantial transaction payloads from federated learning clients, especially with resource-intensive machine learning algorithms during training.

关键词： Training Machine learning algorithms Federated learning Distributed ledger computer architecture Throughput Fabrics

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Evolutionary Design of the Memory Subsystem

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Álvarez, Josefa Díaz Risco-Martín, José L. Colmenar, J. Manuel Dpt. of Computer Architecture and Communications University of Extremadura Spain Dpt. of Computer Architecture and Automation Complutense University of Madrid Spain Dpt. of Computer Science King Juan Carlos University Spain

The memory hierarchy has a high impact on the performance and power consumption in the system. Moreover, current embedded systems, included in mobile devices, are specifically designed to run multimedia applications, which are memory intensive. This increases the pressure on the memory subsystem and affects the performance and energy consumption. In this regard, the thermal problems, performance degradation and high energy consumption, can cause irreversible damage to the devices. We address the optimization of the whole memory subsystem with three approaches integrated as a single methodology. Firstly, the thermal impact of register file is analyzed and optimized. Secondly, the cache memory is addressed by optimizing cache configuration according to running applications and improving both performance and power consumption. Finally, we simplify the design and evaluation process of general-purpose and customized dynamic memory manager, in the main memory. To this aim, we apply different evolutionary algorithms in combination with memory simulators and profiling tools. This way, we are able to evaluate the quality of each candidate solution and take advantage of the exploration of solutions given by the optimization *** also provide an experimental experience where our proposal is assessed using well-known benchmark applications. © 2023, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Cache memory

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Towards a Simplified Evaluation of Graphical DSL Workbenches 5

Towards a Simplified Evaluation of Graphical DSL Workbenches

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5th International Symposium on Informatics and its Applications, ISIA 2022

作者： Dembri, Amel Redjimi, Mohammed Science Université 20 Août 1955- LICUS Laboratory Dpt. of Computer Skikda21000 Algeria

ISBN: (数字)9781665474733

ISBN: (纸本)9781665474733

The design and development of graphical tools for new domain-specific languages is still a challenge for designers;the Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) makes a qualitative difference in the creation of Domain Specific Language (DSL). We aim in this paper to analyze and evaluate the performance of some language workbenches that makes the development of domain-specific language simpler and more specialised. To evaluate these tools, a formal specification of a Petri net called Agent Petri Net is selected. We analyze criteria related to abstraction level, facilities to tailor DSL to specific domains, simplicity of development and the productivity guarantee with these tools. Practical experience highlights the real capabilities of each tool and considers as an evaluation support to select the adequate solution to design DSL that responds to user requirements. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Petri nets

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Towards an ethical data literacy proficiency: a Moodle logs analytical tool 12

Towards an ethical data literacy proficiency: a Moodle logs ...

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12th International Conference on Virtual Campus, JICV 2022

作者： Amo-Filva, Daniel Beby, Belen Donate Garcia-Penalvo, Francisco Jose Chen, Jiahui Universitat Ramon Llull Dpt. of Engineering la Salle Campus Barcelona Barcelona Spain Salamanca Spain Universidad de Salamanca Dpt. of Computer Sciences and Automation Salamanca Spain

ISBN: (数字)9781665451062

ISBN: (纸本)9781665451062

Teachers need data literacy knowledge to interpret or transform raw educational data or analytical results of current digital educational tools. These tools can be executed in the cloud or locally. The state-of-the-art poses cloud computing as a peril for students' data privacy. Educational institutions must consider the adoption of technologies that execute locally to reduce data privacy harm. Moreover, data literacy competencies must be acquired and improved in contexts where students' data is under control and out of risk. We present and make public a tool that analyzes Moodle logs to extract data summaries and visualizations. Teachers can use the tool to improve their data literacy while ensuring the students' data privacy. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Data visualization

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