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Proceedings of the 23rd Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education research

作者： Majeed Kazemitabaar Xinying Hou Austin Henley Barbara Jane Ericson David Weintrop Tovi Grossman Department of Computer Science Dynamic Graphics Project (DGP) University of Toronto Canada School of Information University of Michigan USA Microsoft Research USA College of Education University of Maryland USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400716539

As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain in popularity, it is important to understand how novice programmers use them and the effect they have on learning to code. We present the results of a thematic analysis on a data set from 33 learners, aged 10-17, as they independently learned Python by working on 45 code-authoring tasks with access to an AI Code Generator based on OpenAI Codex. We explore several important questions related to how learners used LLM-based AI code generators, and provide an analysis of the properties of the written prompts and the resulting AI generated code. Specifically, we explore (A) the context in which learners use Codex, (B) what learners are asking from Codex in terms of syntax and logic, (C) properties of prompts written by learners in terms of relation to task description, language, clarity, and prompt crafting patterns, (D) properties of the AI-generated code in terms of correctness, complexity, and accuracy, and (E) how learners utilize AI-generated code in terms of placement, verification, and manual modifications. Furthermore, our analysis reveals four distinct coding approaches when writing code with an AI code generator: AI Single Prompt, where learners prompted Codex once to generate the entire solution to a task; AI Step-by-Step, where learners divided the problem into parts and used Codex to generate each part; Hybrid, where learners wrote some of the code themselves and used Codex to generate others; and Manual coding, where learners wrote the code themselves. Our findings reveal consistently positive trends between learners’ utilization of the Hybrid coding approach and their post-test evaluation scores, while showing consistent negative trends between the AI Single Prompt and the post-test evaluation scores. Furthermore, we offer insights into novice learners’ use of AI code generators in a self-paced learning environment, highlighting signs of over-reliance, self-regulation, and opportunities for enhancing AI-assisted learnin

关键词： ChatGPT Copilot Introductory Programming Large Language Models OpenAI Codex Self-paced Learning Self-regulation

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VibraForge: A Scalable Prototyping Toolkit For Creating Spatialized Vibrotactile Feedback systems 25

VibraForge: A Scalable Prototyping Toolkit For Creating Spat...

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Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing systems

作者： Bingjian Huang Siyi Ren Yuewen Luo Qilong Cheng Hanfeng Cai Yeqi Sang Mauricio Sousa Paul H Dietz Daniel Wigdor Dynamic Graphics Project Lab University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Division of Engineering Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Mechanical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Reality Labs Research at Meta Toronto Ontario Canada DGP The University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada

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Fast-and-flexible decision-making with modulatory interactions

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Moreno-Morton, Rodrigo Bizyaeva, Anastasia Leonard, Naomi Ehrich Franci, Alessio Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Liege Belgium NSF AI Institute in Dynamic Systems Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States WEL Research Institute Wavre Belgium

Multi-agent systems in biology, society, and engineering are capable of making decisions through the dynamic interaction of their elements. Nonlinearity of the interactions is key for the speed, robustness, and flexibility of multi-agent decision-making. In this work we introduce modulatory, that is, multiplicative, in contrast to additive, interactions in a nonlinear opinion dynamics model of fast-and-flexible decision-making. The original model is nonlinear because network interactions, although additive, are saturated. Modulatory interactions introduce an extra source of nonlinearity that greatly enriches the model decision-making behavior in a mathematically tractable way. Modulatory interactions are widespread in both biological and social decision-making networks;our model provides new tools to understand the role of these interactions in networked decision-making and to engineer them in artificial *** Codes 37G99 Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Modulators

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Dose-finding design based on level set estimation in phase I cancer clinical trials

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Seno, Keiichiro Matsui, Kota Iwazaki, Shogo Inatsu, Yu Takeno, Shion Matsui, Shigeyuki Department of Biostatistics Nagoya University Japan Department of Biostatistics Kyoto University Japan MI-6 Ltd. Department of Computer Science Nagoya Institute of Technology Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Nagoya University Japan Center for Advanced Intelligence Project RIKEN Japan Research Center for Medical and Health Data Science The Institute of Statistical Mathematics Japan

The primary objective of phase I cancer clinical trials is to evaluate the safety of a new experimental treatment and to find the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). We show that the MTD estimation problem can be regarded as a level set estimation (LSE) problem whose objective is to determine the regions where an unknown function value is above or below a given threshold. Then, we propose a novel dose-finding design in the framework of LSE. The proposed design determines the next dose on the basis of an acquisition function incorporating uncertainty in the posterior distribution of the dose-toxicity curve as well as overdose control. Simulation experiments show that the proposed LSE design achieves a higher accuracy in estimating the MTD and involves a lower risk of overdosing allocation compared to existing designs, thereby indicating that it provides an effective methodology for phase I cancer clinical trial design. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Intellectual property core

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Study on the COVID-19 epidemic in China's Mainland between November 2022 and January 2023,with prediction of its tendency

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2023年第1期5卷 39-44页

作者： Yao Bai Zhihang Peng Fengying Wei Zhen Jin Jinjie Wang Ximing Xu Xinyan Zhang Jun Xu Zixiong Ren Bulai Lu Zhaojun Wang Jianguo Xu Senzhong Huang Xi’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention Xi’an 710054ShaanxiChina Department of Biostatistics School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166JiangsuChina School of Mathematics and Statistics Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350116FujianChina Complex Systems Research Center Key Discipline of Computer Science and Technology of“Double-First-Class”Project of Shanxi ProvinceShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006ShanxiChina Nankai Institute of Economics Binhai Development InstituteNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400010China Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Jinzhou 121000LiaoningChina School of Statistics and Data Science Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Suzhou 215004JiangsuChina State Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Institute of Public Health Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China School of Statistics and Data Science ZhiYing Research Center for Health DataNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

The prediction system EpiSIX was used to study the COVID-19 epidemic in China's Mainland between November 2022 and January 2023,based on reported data from December 9,2022,to January 30,2023,released by The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention on February 1,*** kinds of reported data were used for model fitting:the daily numbers of positive nucleic acid tests and deaths,and the daily number of hospital beds taken by COVID-19 *** was estimated that the overall infection rate was 87.54%and the overall case fatality rate was 0.078%–0.116%(median 0.100%).Assuming that a new COVID-19 epidemic outbreak would start in March or April of 2023,induced by a slightly more infectious mutant strain,we predicted a possible large rebound between September and October 2023,with a peak demand of between 800,000 and 900,000 inpatient *** no such new outbreak was induced by other variants,then the current COVID-19 epidemic course in China's Mainland would remain under control until the end of ***,it is suggested that the necessary medical resources be prepared to manage possible COVID-19 epidemic emergencies in the near future,especially for the period between September and October 2023.

关键词： COVID-19 Epidemic Infection rate Case fatality rate Prediction

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Building Expertise on FAIR Through Evolving Bring Your Own Data(BYOD) Workshops: Describing the Data, Software, and Management-focused Approaches and Their Evolution

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Data Intelligence 2024年第2期6卷 429-456页

作者： César H.Bernabé Lieze Thielemans Rajaram Kaliyaperumal Claudio Carta Shuxin Zhang Celia W.G.van Gelder Nirupama Benis Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos Ronald Cornet Bruna dos Santos Vieira Nawel Lalout Ines Henriques Alberto Camara Ballesteros Kees Burger Martijn G.Kersloot Friederike Ehrhart Esther van Enckevort Chris T.Evelo Alasdair J.G.Gray Marc Hanauer Kristina Hettne Joep de Ligt Arnaldo Pereira Nuria Queralt-Rosinach Erik Schultes Domenica Taruscio Andra Waagmeester Mark D.Wilkinson Egon L.Willighagen Mascha Jansen Barend Mons Marco Roos Annika Jacobsen Biosemantics Group Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands NIHR Academic Fellow in General Practice University College London and The Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust National Centre for Rare Diseases Istituto Superiore di SanitaRomeItaly Department of Medical Informatics Amsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9AmsterdamThe Netherlands Amsterdam Public Health Methodology&Digital HealthAmsterdamThe Netherlands Health-Rl UtrechtThe Netherlands Semantics Services and Cybersecurity groupUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands Department of Medical Imaging Radboud Institute for Health SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Medical BioSciences Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands The Duchenne Parent Project VeneendaalThe Netherlands Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria AgronomicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasCentro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de PlantasUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria-CSIC(INIA-CSIC).Campus MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcon(Madrid)Spain Castor AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands University Medical Center Groningen University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology(MaCSBio) Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Department of Computer Science Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK INSERM US14-OrphanetPlateforme Maladies RaresParisFrance Centre for Digital Scholarship Leiden University LibrariesThe Netherlands Center for Molecular Medicine Cancer Genomics NetherlandsDepartment of GeneticsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUniversity UtrechtThe Netherlands University of Aveiro DETI/IEETAAveiroPortugal GO FAIR Foundation LeidenThe Netherlands The Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research LeidenThe Netherlands Micel

Since 2014,"Bring Your Own Data"workshops(BYODs)have been organised to inform people about the process and benefits of making resources Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,and Reusable(FAIR,and the FAIRification process).The BYOD workshops'content and format differ depending on their goal,context,and the background and needs of ***-focused BYODs educate domain experts on how to make their data FAIR to find new answers to research ***-focused BYODs promote the benefits of making data FAIR and instruct project managers and policy-makers on the characteristics of FAIRification ***-focused BYODs gather software developers and experts on FAIR to implement or improve software resources that are used to support ***,these BYODs intend to foster collaboration between different types of stakeholders involved in data management,curation,and reuse(*** experts,trainers,developers,data owners,data analysts,FAIR experts).The BYODs also serve as an opportunity to learn what kind of support for FAIRification is needed from different communities and to develop teaching materials based on practical examples and *** this paper,we detail the three different structures of the BYODs and describe examples of early BYODs related to plant breeding data,and rare disease registries and biobanks,which have shaped the structure of the *** discuss the latest insights into making BYODs more productive by leveraging our almost ten years of training experience in these workshops,including successes and encountered ***,we examine how the participants'feedback has motivated the research on FAIR,including the development of workflows and software.

关键词： FAIR FAIRification FAIR expertise Bring Your Own Data Workshop BYOD

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Study and prediction of the 2022 global monkeypox epidemic

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2022年第2期4卷 158-162页

作者： Fengying Wei Zhihang Peng Zhen Jin Jinjie Wang Ximing Xu Xinyan Zhang Jun Xu Zixiong Ren Yao Bai Xiaoli Wang Bulai Lu Zhaojun Wang Jianguo Xu Senzhong Huang School of Mathematics and Statistics Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350116FujianChina Department of Biostatistics School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166JiangsuChina Complex Systems Research Center Key Discipline of Computer Science and Technology of“Double-First-Class”Project of Shanxi ProvinceShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006ShanxiChina Nankai Institute of Economics Binhai Development InstituteNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400010China Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Jinzhou 121000LiaoningChina School of Statistics and Data Science Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Xi’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention Xi’an 710061ShaanxiChina Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100013BeijingChina Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Suzhou 215004JiangsuChina State Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China School of Statistics and Data Science ZhiYing Research Center for Health DataNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Institute of Public Health Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

The World Health Organization(WHO)declared monkeypox as a public health emergency of international concern(PHEIC)on July 23,2022,their highest level of *** raised concerns about the management of the global monkeypox outbreak,as well as the scientific analysis and accurate prediction of the future course of the *** study used EpiSIX(an analysis and prediction system for epidemics based on a general SEIR model)to analyze the monkeypox epidemic and to forecast the major tendencies based on data from the USA CDC(https://***)and the WHO(https://***/health-topics/monkeypox).The global outbreak of monkeypox started in the UK on May 2,2022,which marked the beginning of an epidemic *** of October 28,2022,the cumulative number of reported cases worldwide was 77,115,with 36 *** simulations predict that the global monkeypox epidemic will enter a low epidemic status on March 1,2023 with the cumulative number of confirmed cases ranging from 85,000 to 124,000,and the total number of deaths ranging from 60 to *** analysis revealed that the basic reproduction number(R0)of monkeypox virus(MPXV)is near to 3.1 and the percentage of asymptomatic individuals is 13.1%–14.5%,both of which are similar to the data for *** vaccination efficiency against susceptibility(VEs)of individuals who have had monkeypox is~79%,and the vaccination efficiency against infectiousness(VEi)of individuals who have had monkeypox is~76%–82%.The mean incubation period for monkeypox is 8 *** total,94.7%of infected individuals develop symptoms within 20 days and recover within 2 weeks after the confirmation of *** results using EpiSIX showed that ring vaccination was remarkably effective against *** findings confirmed that a 20-day isolation for close contacts is necessary.

关键词： Monkeypox Epidemic Prediction Tendency

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Structure parameter optimized kernel based online prediction with a generalized optimization strategy for nonstationary time series

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Guo, Jinhua Chen, Hao Zhang, Jingxin Chen, Sheng Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Identification and Control of Complex Dynamic Systems Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou350002 China Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom

In this paper, sparsification techniques aided online prediction algorithms in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space are studied for nonstationary time series. The online prediction algorithms as usual consist of the selection of kernel structure parameters and the kernel weight vector updating. For structure parameters, the kernel dictionary is selected by some sparsification techniques with online selective modeling criteria, and moreover the kernel covariance matrix is intermittently optimized in the light of the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES). Optimizing the real symmetric covariance matrix can not only improve the kernel structure's flexibility by the cross relatedness of the input variables, but also partly alleviate the prediction uncertainty caused by the kernel dictionary selection for nonstationary time series. In order to sufficiently capture the underlying dynamic characteristics in prediction-error time series, a generalized optimization strategy is designed to construct the kernel dictionary sequentially in multiple kernel connection modes. The generalized optimization strategy provides a more self-contained way to construct the entire kernel connections, which enhances the ability to adaptively track the changing dynamic characteristics. Numerical simulations have demonstrated that the proposed approach has superior prediction performance for nonstationary time series. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radial basis function networks

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Packaging, containerization, and virtualization of computational omics methods: Advances, challenges, and opportunities

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Alser, Mohammed Waymost, Sharon Ayyala, Ram Lawlor, Brendan Abdill, Richard J. Rajkumar, Neha LaPierre, Nathan Brito, Jaqueline Ribeiro-Dos-Santos, André M. Firtina, Can Almadhoun, Nour Sarwal, Varuni Eskin, Eleazar Hu, Qiyang Strong, Derek Kim, Byoung-Do Abedalthagafi, Malak S. Mutlu, Onur Mangul, Serghei Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering ETH Zürich Zürich8092 Switzerland Department of Computer Science UCLA Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Translational Biomedical Informatics University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Department of Clinical Pharmacy University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Department of Computer Science Munster Technological University CorkT12 P928 Ireland Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Development University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55417 United States Department of Bioengineering UCLA Los AngelesCA90095 United States Institute for Systems Genetics NYU Grossman School of Medicine New YorkNY10016 United States Department of Computational Medicine University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Human Genetics University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Office of Advanced Research Computing UCLA Los AngelesCA90095 United States Center for Advanced Research Computing University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Genomics Research Department Saudi Human Genome Project King Fahad Medical City King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Riyadh Saudi Arabia King Salman Center for Disability Research Riyadh12512 Saudi Arabia Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Omics software tools have reshaped the landscape of modern biology and become an essential component of biomedical research. The increasing dependence of biomedical scientists on these powerful tools creates a need for easier installation and greater usability. Packaging, virtualization, and containerization are different approaches to satisfy this need by wrapping omics tools in additional software that makes the omics tools easier to install and use. Here, we systematically review practices across prominent packaging, virtualization, and containerization platforms. We outline the challenges, advantages, and limitations of each approach and some of the most widely used platforms from the perspectives of users, software developers, and system administrators. We also propose principles to make packaging, virtualization, and containerization of omics software more sustainable and robust to increase the reproducibility of biomedical and life science research. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Containers

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Traffic-Aware Two-Stage Queueing Communication Networks: Queue Analysis and Energy Saving

Traffic-Aware Two-Stage Queueing Communication Networks: Que...

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作者： Qi, Nan Miridakis, Nikolaos I. Xiao, Ming Tsiftsis, Theodoros A. Yao, Rugui Jin, Shi Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing210016 China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Institute of Physical Internet School of Intelligent Systems Science & Engineering Jinan University Zhuhai Campus Zhuhai519070 China Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering University of West Attica Aegaleo12243 Greece School of Electrical Engineering of KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm11428 Sweden School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an710072 China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China

To boost energy saving for the general delay-tolerant IoT networks, a two-stage, and single-relay queueing communication scheme is investigated. Concretely, a traffic-aware $N$-threshold and gated-service policy are applied at the relay. As two fundamental and significant performance metrics, the mean waiting time and long-term expected power consumption are explicitly derived and related with the queueing and service parameters, such as packet arrival rate, service threshold and channel statistics. Besides, we take into account the electrical circuit energy consumptions when the relay server and access point (AP) are in different modes and energy costs for mode transitions, whereby the power consumption model is more practical. The expected power minimization problem under the mean waiting time constraint is formulated. Tight closed-form bounds are adopted to obtain tractable analytical formulae with less computational complexity. The optimal energy-saving service threshold that can flexibly adjust to packet arrival rate is determined. In addition, numerical results reveal that: 1) sacrificing the mean waiting time not necessarily facilitates power savings;2) a higher arrival rate leads to a greater optimal service threshold;and 3) our policy performs better than the current state-of-the-art. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Energy conservation

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