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Audio-visual keyword transformer for unconstrained sentence-level keyword spotting

CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第1期9卷 142-152页

作者： Yidi Li Jiale Ren Yawei Wang Guoquan Wang Xia Li Hong Liu Key Laboratory of Machine Perception Peking UniversityShenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina College of Electronics and Information Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Computer Science ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland

As one of the most effective methods to improve the accuracy and robustness of speech tasks,the audio-visual fusion approach has recently been introduced into the field of Keyword Spotting(KWS).However,existing audio-visual keyword spotting models are limited to detecting isolated words,while keyword spotting for unconstrained speech is still a challenging *** this end,an Audio-Visual Keyword Transformer(AVKT)network is proposed to spot keywords in unconstrained video *** authors present a transformer classifier with learnable CLS tokens to extract distinctive keyword features from the variable-length audio and visual *** outputs of audio and visual branches are combined in a decision fusion *** humans can easily notice whether a keyword appears in a sentence or not,our AVKT network can detect whether a video clip with a spoken sentence contains a pre-specified ***,the position of the keyword is localised in the attention map without additional position ***-imental results on the LRS2-KWS dataset and our newly collected PKU-KWS dataset show that the accuracy of AVKT exceeded 99%in clean scenes and 85%in extremely noisy *** code is available at https://***/jialeren/AVKT.

关键词： artificial intelligence multimodal approaches natural language processing neural network speech processing

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Decentralized control in active distribution grids via supervised and reinforcement learning

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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 137-149页

作者： Stavros Karagiannopoulos Petros Aristidou Gabriela Hug Audun Botterud Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems(LIDS) Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUSA EEH-Power Systems Laboratory ETH Zurichhysikstrasse 38092 ZurichSwitzerland Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Engineering&InformaticsCyprus

While moving towards a low-carbon, sustainable electricity system, distribution networks are expected to host a large share of distributed generators, such as photovoltaic units and wind turbines. These inverter-based resources are intermittent, but also controllable, and are expected to amplify the role of distribution networks together with other distributed energy resources, such as storage systems and controllable loads. The available control methods for these resources are typically categorized based on the available communication network into centralized, distributed, and decentralized or local. Standard local schemes are typically inefficient, whereas centralized approaches show implementation and cost concerns. This paper focuses on optimized decentralized control of distributed generators via supervised and reinforcement learning. We present existing state-of-the-art decentralized control schemes based on supervised learning, propose a new reinforcement learning scheme based on deep deterministic policy gradient, and compare the behavior of both decentralized and centralized methods in terms of computational effort, scalability, privacy awareness, ability to consider constraints, and overall optimality. We evaluate the performance of the examined schemes on a benchmark European low voltage test system. The results show that both supervised learning and reinforcement learning schemes effectively mitigate the operational issues faced by the distribution network.

关键词： Supervised learning Reinforcement learning Deep deterministic policy gradient Decentralized control Active distribution systems

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Imaging and structure analysis of ferroelectric domains,domain walls,and vortices by scanning electron diffraction

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npj Computational Materials 2024年第1期10卷 2154-2161页

作者： Ursula Ludacka Jiali He Shuyu Qin Manuel Zahn Emil Frang Christiansen Kasper A.Hunnestad Xinqiao Zhang Zewu Yan Edith Bourret István Kézsmárki Antonius T.Jvan Helvoort Joshua Agar Dennis Meier Department of Materials Science and Engineering NTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway Department of Computer Science and Engineering Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPAUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Experimental Physics V University of AugsburgAugsburgGermany Department of Physics NTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway Department of Physics ETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA

Direct electron detectors in scanning transmission electron microscopy give unprecedented possibilities for structure analysis at the *** electronic and quantum materials,this new capability gives access to,for example,emergent chiral structures and symmetry-breaking distortions that underpin functional *** nanoscale structural features with statistical significance,however,is complicated by the subtleties of dynamic diffraction and coexisting contrast mechanisms,which often results in a low signal-to-noise ratio and the superposition of multiple signals that are challenging to deconvolute.

关键词： properties structure ferroelectric

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PVT v2:Improved baselines with Pyramid Vision Transformer

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Computational Visual Media 2022年第3期8卷 415-424页

作者： Wenhai Wang Enze Xie Xiang Li Deng-Ping Fan Kaitao Song Ding Liang Tong Lu Ping Luo Ling Shao Shanghai AI Laboratory Shanghai 200232China Department of Computer Science and Technology NanjingUniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Computer Science the University ofHong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210014China Computer Vision Lab ETH ZurichZurich 8092Switzerland SenseTime Beijing 100080China Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates

Transformers have recently lead to encouraging progress in computer *** this work,we present new baselines by improving the original Pyramid Vision Transformer(PVT v1)by adding three designs:(i)a linear complexity attention layer,(ii)an overlapping patch embedding,and(iii)a convolutional feed-forward *** these modifications,PVT v2 reduces the computational complexity of PVT v1 to linearity and provides significant improvements on fundamental vision tasks such as classification,detection,and *** particular,PVT v2 achieves comparable or better performance than recent work such as the Swin *** hope this work will facilitate state-ofthe-art transformer research in computer *** is available at https://***/whai362/PVT.

关键词： transformers dense prediction image classification object detection semantic segmentation

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Finite Basis Physics-Informed Neural networks as a Schwarz Domain Decomposition Method 27th

Finite Basis Physics-Informed Neural Networks as a Schwarz D...

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27th International Conference on Domain Decomposition Methods in Science and engineering, DD 2022

作者： Dolean, Victorita Heinlein, Alexander Mishra, Siddhartha Moseley, Ben University of Strathclyde 26 Richmond Street GlasgowG1 1XH United Kingdom Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics & Computer Science Delft University of Technology Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics Mekelweg 4 Delft2628 CD Netherlands Computational and Applied Mathematics Laboratory/ETH AI Center ETH Zurich Ramistrasse 101 Zurich8092 Switzerland

The success and advancement of machine learning (ML) in fields such as image recognition and natural language processing has lead to the development of novel methods for the solution of problems in physics and enginee... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9783031507687

关键词： Domain decomposition methods

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Diagnostic Accuracy and Reliability of Deep Learning-Based Human Papillomavirus Status Prediction in Oropharyngeal Cancer

Diagnostic Accuracy and Reliability of Deep Learning-Based H...

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International Conference on Medical Imaging and computer-Aided Diagnosis, MICAD 2022

作者： La Greca Saint-Esteven, Agustina Marchiori, Chiara Bogowicz, Marta Barranco-García, Javier Khodabakhshi, Zahra Konukoglu, Ender Riesterer, Oliver Balermpas, Panagiotis Hüllner, Martin Malossi, A. Cristiano I. Guckenberger, Matthias van Timmeren, Janita E. Tanadini-Lang, Stephanie Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Zurich and the University of Zurich Rämistrasse 100 Zurich8091 Switzerland Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering ETH Zurich Sternwartstrasse 7 Zurich8092 Switzerland IBM Research Zurich Säumerstrasse 4 Rüschlikon8803 Switzerland Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Zurich and the University of Zurich Rämistrasse 100 Zurich8091 Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9789811667749

Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) patients with associated human papillomavirus (HPV) infection generally present more favorable outcomes than HPV-negative patients and, consequently, their treatment with radiation therapy may be potentially de-escalated. The diagnostic accuracy of a deep learning (DL) model to predict HPV status on computed tomography (CT) images was evaluated in this study, together with its ability to perform unsupervised heatmap-based localization of relevant regions in OPC and HPV infection, i.e., the primary tumor and lymph nodes, as a measure of its reliability. The dataset consisted of 767 patients from one internal and two public collections from The Cancer Imaging Archive and was split into training, validation and test sets using the ratio 60–20–20. Images were resampled to a resolution of 2 mm3 and a sub-volume of 96 pixels3 was automatically cropped, which spanned from the nose until the start of the lungs. Models Genesis was fine-tuned for the classification task. Grad-CAM and Score-CAM were applied to the test subjects that belonged to the internal cohort (n = 24), and the overlap and Dice coefficients between the resulting heatmaps and the planning target volumes (PTVs) were calculated. Final train/validation/test area-under-the-curve (AUC) values of 0.9/0.87/0.87, accuracies of 0.83/0.82/0.79, and F1-scores of 0.83/0.79/0.74 were achieved. The reliability analysis showed an increased focus on dental artifacts in HPV-positive patients, whereas promising overlaps and moderate Dice coefficients with the PTVs were obtained for HPV-negative cases. These findings prove the necessity of performing reliability studies before a DL model is implemented in a real clinical setting, even if there is optimal diagnostic accuracy. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Diseases

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Resilience Enhancement Techniques in Cyber Physical Distribution System: an Overview

Resilience Enhancement Techniques in Cyber Physical Distribu...

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Australasian Universities Power engineering Conference, AUPEC

作者： Jialun Zhang Jimmy Peng Chih-Hsien Gabriela Hug Future Resilient Systems Singapore-ETH Centre Singapore Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Power System Laboratory ETH Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (数字)9798350377941

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377958

The evolution of power systems into cyberphysical distribution systems (CPDSs) integrates complex communication networks with traditional power infrastructures, thereby exposing systems to both cyber and physical disruptive events. This paper investigates resilience enhancement strategies designed for CPDS, focusing on countermeasures against natural hazards, malicious attacks, technical failures within communication networks, and interdependent cyber-physical failures. First, we present the structure of CPDS and define resilience within this context and differentiate it with the definition of reliability and cybersecurity. Subsequently, we categorize failures into four types of disruptive events and evaluate the state-of-the-art resilience enhancement strategies, respectively. Finally, we highlight key research gaps and propose future directions to enhance the resilience of CPDS.

关键词： Wireless communication Power engineering Reviews Network topology Microgrids Hazards Power system reliability Communication networks Reliability Resilience

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High-speed identification of suspended carbon nanotubes using Raman spectroscopy and deep learning

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第1期8卷 259-267页

作者： Jian Zhang Mickael L.Perrin Luis Barba Jan Overbeck Seoho Jung Brock Grassy Aryan Agal Rico Muff Rolf Brönnimann Miroslav Haluska Cosmin Roman Christofer Hierold Martin Jaggi Michel Calame Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyCH-8600 DübendorfSwitzerland Machine Learning and Optimization Laboratory School of Computer and Communication SciencesEPFLCH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland Department of Physics and Swiss Nanoscience Institute University of BaselCH-4056 BaselSwitzerland Micro-and Nanosystems Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichCH-8092 ZurichSwitzerland

The identification of nanomaterials with the properties required for energy-efficient electronic systems is usually a tedious human task.A workflow to rapidly localize and characterize nanomaterials at the various stages of their integration into large-scale fabrication processes is essential for quality control and,ultimately,their industrial *** this work,we develop a high-throughput approach to rapidly identify suspended carbon nanotubes(CNTs)by using high-speed Raman imaging and deep learning *** for Raman spectra with extremely low signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs)of 0.9,we achieve a classification accuracy that exceeds 90%,while it reaches 98%for an SNR of *** applying a threshold on the output of the softmax layer of an optimized convolutional neural network(CNN),we further increase the accuracy of the ***,we propose an optimized Raman scanning strategy to minimize the acquisition time while simultaneously identifying the position,amount,and metallicity of CNTs on each *** approach can readily be extended to other types of nanomaterials and has the potential to be integrated into a production line to monitor the quality and properties of nanomaterials during fabrication.

关键词： carbon suspended speed

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SAM-Aware Graph Prompt Reasoning Network for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Peng, Shi-Feng Sun, Guolei Li, Yong Wang, Hongsong Xie, Guo-Sen School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China Computer Vision Laboratory ETH Zurich Switzerland School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China

The primary challenge of cross-domain few-shot segmentation (CD-FSS) is the domain disparity between the training and inference phases, which can exist in either the input data or the target classes. Previous models struggle to learn feature representations that generalize to various unknown domains from limited training domain samples. In contrast, the large-scale visual model SAM, pre-trained on tens of millions of images from various domains and classes, possesses excellent generalizability. In this work, we propose a SAM-aware graph prompt reasoning network (GPRN) that fully leverages SAM to guide CD-FSS feature representation learning and improve prediction accuracy. Specifically, we propose a SAM-aware prompt initialization module (SPI) to transform the masks generated by SAM into visual prompts enriched with high-level semantic information. Since SAM tends to divide an object into many sub-regions, this may lead to visual prompts representing the same semantic object having inconsistent or fragmented features. We further propose a graph prompt reasoning (GPR) module that constructs a graph among visual prompts to reason about their interrelationships and enable each visual prompt to aggregate information from similar prompts, thus achieving global semantic consistency. Subsequently, each visual prompt embeds its semantic information into the corresponding mask region to assist in feature representation learning. To refine the segmentation mask during testing, we also design a non-parameter adaptive point selection module (APS) to select representative point prompts from query predictions and feed them back to SAM to refine inaccurate segmentation results. Experiments on four standard CD-FSS datasets demonstrate that our method establishes new state-of-the-art results. Code: https://***/CVL-hub/GPRN. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Fast Mapping of Flexibility Regions at TSO-DSO Interfaces under Uncertainty

Fast Mapping of Flexibility Regions at TSO-DSO Interfaces un...

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2022 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe, ISGT-Europe 2022

作者： Patig, Alice Stanojev, Ognjen Aristidou, Petros Kiprakis, Aristides Hug, Gabriela Eth Eeh - Power Systems Laboratory Zurich Switzerland University of Edinburgh School of Engineering Institute for Energy Systems United Kingdom Cyprus University of Technology Computer Engineering and Informatics Department of Electrical Engineering Cyprus

ISBN: (数字)9781665480321

ISBN: (纸本)9781665480321

The gradual decommissioning of fossil fuel-driven power plants, that traditionally provide most operational flexibility in power systems, has led to more frequent grid stability issues. To compensate for the lack of flexible resources, Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in distribution networks can be employed. To facilitate the use of DERs, the aggregated flexibility in a distribution grid is commonly represented on a PQ-plane displaying the feasible active and reactive power exchange with the upstream grid. This paper proposes a fast feasible operating region mapping mechanism that utilizes a linear power flow approximation in combination with linearized generator, current, and voltage constraints to construct a high-dimensional polyhedral feasible set of DER power injections. The obtained polytope is projected onto the PQ-plane using Fourier-Motzkin Elimination to represent the aggregate network flexibility. Additionally, uncertainty in DER generation is addressed using chance-constraints. Our analysis of a modified 33-bus IEEE test system demonstrates that the proposed method obtains more accurate approximations than former geometric methods and is ten times faster than the tested optimization-based method. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Electric power distribution

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