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arXiv 2022年

作者： Stanojev, Ognjen Guo, Yi Aristidou, Petros Hug, Gabriela EEH Power Systems Laboratory ETH Zurich Switzerland Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Engineering and Informatics Cyprus University of Technology Cyprus Cyprus

The electric power system is currently experiencing radical changes stemming from the increasing share of renewable energy resources and the consequent decommissioning of conventional power plants based on synchronous generators. Since the principal providers of ancillary services are being phased out, new flexibility and reserve providers are needed. The proliferation of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in modern distribution networks has opened new possibilities for distribution system operators, enabling them to fill the market gap by harnessing the DER flexibility. This paper introduces a novel centralized MPC-based controller that enables the concurrent provision of voltage support, primary and secondary frequency control by adjusting the setpoints of a heterogeneous group of DERs in active distribution grids. The input-multirate control framework is used to accommodate the distinct timescales and provision requirements of each ancillary service and to ensure that the available resources are properly allocated. Furthermore, an efficient way for incorporating network constraints in the formulation is proposed, where network decomposition is applied to a linear power flow formulation together with network reduction. In addition, different timescale dynamics of the employed DERs and their capability curves are included. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated on several case studies via dynamic simulations of the IEEE 33-bus system. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Model predictive control

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Universal Decoding for the Typical Random Code and for the Expurgated Code

Universal Decoding for the Typical Random Code and for the E...

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IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory

作者： Ran Tamir Neri Merhav Signal and Information Processing Laboratory ETH Zurich Switzerland The Viterbi Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion - Israel Institute of Technology

ISBN: (数字)9781665421591

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421607

We provide two results concerning the optimality of the stochastic-mutual information (SMI) decoder, which chooses the estimated message according to a posterior probability mass function, which is proportional to the exponentiated empirical mutual information induced by the channel output sequence and the different codewords. First, we prove that the error exponents of the typical random codes under the optimal maximum likelihood (ML) decoder and the SMI decoder are equal. As a corollary to this result, we also show that the error exponents of the expurgated codes under the ML and the SMI decoders are equal. These results strengthen the well-known result due to Csiszár and Körner, according to which, the ML and the maximum-mutual information (MMI) decoders achieve equal random-coding error exponents, since the error exponents of the typical random code and the expurgated code are strictly higher than the random-coding error exponents, at least at low coding rates. The universal optimality of the SMI decoder, in the random-coding error exponent sense, is easily proven by commuting the expectation over the channel noise and the expectation over the ensemble. This commutation can no longer be carried out, when it comes to typical and expurgated exponents. Therefore, the proof of the universal optimality of the SMI decoder must be completely different and it turns out to be highly non-trivial.

关键词： Maximum likelihood estimation Codes Channel estimation Encoding Mutual information Maximum likelihood decoding

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Real-Time and IoT - Why and How? 3

Real-Time and IoT - Why and How?

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3rd CSI/CPSSI International Symposium on Real-Time and Embedded Systems and Technologies, RTEST 2020

作者： Thiele, Lothar Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781728175515

If visions and forecasts of industry come true then billions of interconnected embedded devices will soon surround us. We have the legitimate expectation that the individual devices as well as the overall system behaves in a reliable and predictable manner. We expect correct and timely results from sensing, computation, communication and actuation due to economic importance or even catastrophic consequences if the overall system is not working correctly. It will be argued that one of the major reasons for unpredictable and unwanted behavior of IoT systems is due to interference from external or internal processes. We need novel architectural concepts, an associated design process and validation strategies to satisfy the strongly conflicting requirements and associated design challenges of platforms for IoT: handle at the same time limited available resources, adaptive run-time behavior, and predictability. The presentation will introduce recent advances in this direction. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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LocalViT: Analyzing Locality in Vision Transformers

LocalViT: Analyzing Locality in Vision Transformers

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： Yawei Li Kai Zhang Jiezhang Cao Radu Timofte Michele Magno Luca Benini Luc Van Goo Computer Vision Lab D-ITET ETH Zurich Switzerland Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science (CAIDAS) University of Wurzburg Germany Center for Project-Based Learning D-ITET ETH Zurich Switzerland Integrated Systems Laboratory D-ITET ETH Zurich Switzerland Department of Electrical Electronic and Information Engineering University of Bologna Italy Processing Speech and Images (PSI) KU Leuven Belgium

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of locality mechanisms in vision transformers. Transformers originated from machine translation and are particularly good at modelling long-range dependencies within a long sequence. Although the global interaction between the token embeddings could be well modelled by the self-attention mechanism of transformers, what is lacking is a locality mechanism for infor-mation exchange within a local region. In this paper, locality mechanism is systematically investigated by carefully designed controlled experiments. We add locality to vision transformers into the feed-forward network. This seemingly simple solution is inspired by the comparison between feed-forward networks and inverted residual blocks. The importance of locality mechanisms is validated in two ways: 1) A wide range of design choices (activation function, layer placement, expansion ratio) are available for incorporating locality mechanisms and proper choices can lead to a performance gain over the baseline, and 2) The same locality mechanism is successfully applied to vision transformers with different architecture designs, which shows the generalization of the locality concept. For ImageNet2012 classification, the locality-enhanced transformers outperform the baselines Swin-T [1], DeiT-T [2] and PVT-T [3] by 1.0%, 2.6 % and 3.1 % with a negligible increase in the number of parameters and computational effort. Code is available at https://***/ofsoundof/LocalViT.

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Printable Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Film with Outstanding Thermal Conductivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第11期14卷 143-156页

作者： Zhihui Zeng Gang Wang Brendan F.Wolan Na Wu Changxian Wang Shanyu Zhao Shengying Yue Bin Li Weidong He Jiurong Liu Joseph W.Lyding Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityShandongJinan 250061People’s Republic of China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Chemistry Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich(ETH Zürich)8092 ZurichSwitzerland School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberland Strasse 1298600 DübendorfSwitzerland Institute for Advanced Technology Shandong UniversityJinan 250061People’s Republic of China

Ultrathin,lightweight,and flexible aligned single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT)films are fabricated by a facile,environmentally friendly,and scalable printing *** aligned pattern and outstanding intrinsic properties render“metal-like”thermal conductivity of the SWCNT films,as well as excellent mechanical strength,flexibility,and ***,the aligned cellular microstructure promotes the electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding ability of the SWCNTs,leading to excellent shielding effectiveness(SE)of~39 to 90 dB despite a density of only~0.6 g cm^(−3) at thicknesses of merely 1.5-24μm,*** ultrahigh thickness-specific SE of 25693 dB mm^(−1) and an unprecedented normalized specific SE of 428222 dB cm^(2)g^(−1) are accomplished by the freestanding SWCNT films,significantly surpassing previously reported shielding *** addition to an EMI SE greater than 54 dB in an ultra-broadband frequency range of around 400 GHz,the films demonstrate excellent EMI shielding stability and reliability when subjected to mechanical deformation,chemical(acid/alkali/organic solvent)corrosion,and high-/low-temperature *** novel printed SWCNT films offer significant potential for practical applications in the aerospace,defense,precision components,and smart wearable electronics industries.

关键词： Aligned film Single-walled carbon nanotube Lightweight Flexible Thermal conductivity Electromagnetic interference shielding

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Demo abstract: A testbed for long-range lora communication 18

Demo abstract: A testbed for long-range lora communication

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18th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor networks, IPSN 2019

作者： Trüb, Roman Da Forno, Reto Gsell, Tonio Beutel, Jan Thiele, Lothar Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450362849

Designing and testing low-power wireless communication protocols often requires experimental deployments on real hardware in realistic settings. Infrastructure testbeds have the advantage that they allow reproducible results using different network configurations. However, most testbeds are either in- or outdoor only and do not span long and short ranges at the same time. In this work, we present an extension to the popular FlockLab testbed on a campus-scale in order to better support testing of long-range communciation, for example using the LoRa modulation. Different to existing LoRa test networks where specific protocol layers are fixed, we support custom modification above the physical hardware (above PHY) which allows the development and testing of alternative full custom MAC layers that are not based on LoRaWAN. © 2019 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Testbeds

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Demo abstract: The dual processor platform architecture 18

Demo abstract: The dual processor platform architecture

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18th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor networks, IPSN 2019

作者： Beutel, Jan Trüb, Roman Da Forno, Reto Wegmann, Markus Gsell, Tonio Jacob, Romain Keller, Michael Sutton, Felix Thiele, Lothar Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450362849

The Dual Processor Platform (DPP) is a novel architecture template for networked embedded systems based on a strictly asynchronous processor interconnect that allows to minimize interference with a proven predictable behavior [7]. Contrary to traditional platforms [1, 5] DPP tries to mitigate interference by isolating different tasks and mapping them onto dedicated hardware resources. Typically, two different task sets - (i) sensing/actuation/data processing and (ii) communication - are mapped onto two different physically separated processing elements (usually low-power microcontrollers), allowing each to be optimized according to their individual requirements. Such hardware partitioning is a standard approach, frequently found in more complex sensor system implementations [2]. While the communication processor handles wireless packet transmission and reception, the application processor is dedicated to the sensor data acquisition, processing and actuation. But this strict separation of resources and function also requires a processor interconnect: BOLT [7], a stateful processor interconnect specifically designed based on this paradigm allows a strict decoupling of the power, clock and time domains of the two processing elements by allowing only asynchronous message passing between the two. The strict limitation to an asynchronous interface allows for predictable run-time behavior that, in addition to typical behavior observed from experiments, has been formally verified [7]. The most notable advantages of this approach are: Modularity Exchanging one of the components is hassle free and does not require a change to the other components. Simpler software The complexity of software development and validation is significantly reduced by task decoupling. Parallel development Development of the two separate entities can take place independently. Independent power management Each subsystem can take independent decisions on when to utilize low-power modes. © 2019 Associat

关键词： Data acquisition

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Demo abstract: How many climb the Matterhorn? 18

Demo abstract: How many climb the Matterhorn?

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18th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor networks, IPSN 2019

作者： Meyer, Matthias Da Forno, Reto Farei-Campagna, Timo Beutel, Jan Pasztor, Akos Thiele, Lothar Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450362849

In this demo abstract we present a custom-built low-power geophone sensor node which features on-device mountaineer classification using a convolutional neural network. The execution of such a processing-heavy algorithm on an embedded platform is enabled by optimizing the memory requirement of the neural network through advanced quantization and pipelining techniques. As a result, real-time classification with low energy consumption can be achieved. © 2019 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Energy utilization

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Improving PPG-based Heart-Rate Monitoring with Synthetically Generated Data

Improving PPG-based Heart-Rate Monitoring with Synthetically...

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2022 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, BioCAS 2022

作者： Burrello, Alessio Pagliari, Daniele Jahier Bianco, Marzia MacIi, Enrico Benini, Luca Poncino, Massimo Benatti, Simone Dei Università di Bologna Bologna Italy Department of Control and Computer Engineering Politecnico di Torino Turin Italy Integrated Systems Laboratory Eth Zurich Switzerland Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning Politecnico di Torino Turin Italy Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Italy

ISBN: (数字)9781665469173

ISBN: (纸本)9781665469173

Improving the quality of heart-rate monitoring is the basis for a full-time assessment of people's daily care. Recent state-of-the-art heart-rate monitoring algorithms exploit PPG and inertial data to efficiently estimate subjects' beats-per-minute (BPM) directly on wearable devices. Despite the easy-recording of these signals (e.g., through commercial smartwatches), which makes this approach appealing, new challenges are arising. The first problem is fitting these algorithms into low-power memory-constrained MCUs. Further, the PPG signal usually has a low signal-to-noise ratio due to the presence of motion artifacts (MAs) arising from movements of subjects' arms. In this work, we propose using synthetically generated data to improve the accuracy of PPG-based heart-rate tracking using deep neural networks without increasing the algorithm's complexity. Using the TEMPONet network as baseline, we show that the HR tracking Mean Absolute Error (MAE) can be reduced from 5.28 to 4.86 BPM on PPGDalia dataset. Noteworthy, to do so, we only increase the training time, keeping the inference step unchanged. Consequently, the new and more accurate network can still fit the small memory of the GAP8 MCU, occupying 429 KB when quantized to 8bits. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Heart

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AXI-REALM: A Lightweight and Modular Interconnect Extension for Traffic Regulation and Monitoring of Heterogeneous Real-Time SoCs

AXI-REALM: A Lightweight and Modular Interconnect Extension ...

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Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition

作者： Thomas Benz Alessandro Ottaviano Robert Balas Angelo Garofalo Francesco Restuccia Alessandro Biondi Luca Benini Integrated Systems Laboratory ETH Zurich Switzerland Department of Electrical Electronic and Information Engineering University of Bologna Italy Department of Computer Science and Engineering UC San Diego San Diego CA USA Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa Italy

ISBN: (数字)9783981926385

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348606

The increasing demand for heterogeneous functionality in the automotive industry and the evolution of chip manufac-turing processes have led to the transition from federated to integrated critical real-time embedded systems (CRTESs). This leads to higher integration challenges of conventional timing predictability techniques due to access contention on shared resources, which can be resolved by providing system-level observability and controllability in hardware. We focus on the interconnect as a shared resource and propose AXI-REALM, a lightweight, modular, and technology - independent real-time extension to industry-standard AXI4 interconnects, available open-source. AXI-REALM uses a credit-based mechanism to distribute and control the bandwidth in a multi-subordinate system on periodic time windows, proactively prevents denial of service from malicious actors in the system, and tracks each manager's access and interference statistics for optimal budget and period selection. We provide detailed performance and implementation cost assessment in a 12nm node and an end-to-end functional case study implementing AXI-REALM into an open-source Linux-capable RISC-V SoC. In a system with a general-purpose core and a hardware accelerator's DMA engine causing interference on the interconnect, AXI-REALM achieves fair bandwidth distribution among managers, allowing the core to recover 68.2 % of its performance compared to the case without contention. Moreover, near-ideal performance (above 95 %) can be achieved by distributing the available bandwidth in favor of the core, improving the worst-case memory access latency from 264 to below eight cycles. Our approach minimizes buffering compared to other solutions and introduces only 2.45 % area overhead compared to the original SoC.

关键词： Bandwidth Interference Real-time systems Hardware Regulation Timing System-on-chip

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