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Research on the bulging process of aluminum alloy four-way tube with solid granules medium

Materials and Manufacturing Processes 2025年

作者： Shi, Haiwei Zhao, Changcai Du, Bing Zhu, Qingxing Ministry of Education of China Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging & Stamping Technology and Science YanShan University Qinhuangdao China

This study presents a novel bulging process for aluminum alloy four-way tubes with solid granules medium. The proposed method aims to enhance forming precision and minimize defects in the internal high-pressure forming process. The behavior of bulging process of aluminum alloy four-way tubes with solid granules medium (SGM) is systematically investigated through comprehensive experimental methodologies. This study explored the critical effects of temperature, back pressure, and associated process parameters on the fundamental forming mechanism. The solid granules medium bulging process successfully produced a four-way tube with an expansion height of 102.14 mm. A three-dimensional finite element method-discrete element method coupling model (FEM-DEM coupling model) is developed based on the uniform load distribution method. The experimental results verified the accuracy of this model, with a maximum deviation of 12.7% between the simulated wall thickness and the experimental data, demonstrating good consistency in the overall deformation pattern. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： Aluminum alloys

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Development of the bioinspired multiscale structures for the enhancing impact resistance of the lightweight armor

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Journal of Materials Research and technology 2025年 35卷 3668-3678页

作者： Qin, Xiaojing Zhang, Junqiu Ge, Junyang Li, Yujiao Meng, Xiancun Chen, Yu Zhang, Changchao Song, Wenda Li, Bo Sun, Tao Han, Qigang Han, Zhiwu Ren, Luquan Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering of Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun130022 China School of Automotive Engineering Yancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng224051 China Roll Forging Research Institute School of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun130022 China

To satisfy the requirement of modern lightweight composite armor for low deformation and high protection, the development of novel high-performance structural composites is urgently needed. Whilst unique bio-inspired strategies hold significant potential in enhancing impact resistance, the underpinning enhanced mechanisms of bio-inspired structures have not been fully released. We used a combined approach of ultra-depth microscopy, SEM, EDS, and nanoindentation to characterize the Scapharca subcrenata shell's multiscale features, including the macroscale rib-groove morphology and microscale cross-lamellar structure, revealing their roles in controlling crack propagation. A theoretical model inspired by the shell has been established to further explain the synergistic mechanism of the multi-scale features. Analysis indicated this synergy enhanced impact strength and toughness. Specifically, the in-plane induction mechanism controlled longitudinal crack propagation, while the out-of-plane toughening mechanism improved damage tolerance. To validate these synergistic mechanisms and design and optimize bio-inspired composite applications, finite element model validation was conducted. Two bio-inspired structures for enhancing impact resistance were developed: biomimetic-induced structure and biomimetic cross-lamellar structure. At equal weight, they reduced deformation by 34.31% and 40.09% respectively, demonstrating low deformation and high protection. The novel bio-inspired multi-scale structures provide insights into the development of light and strong composites, advancing protection for self-defense armor. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Cracks

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From Concept to Field Trials: Design, Analysis, and Evaluation of a Novel Quadruped Robot with Deformable Wheel-Foot Structure

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IEEE Transactions on Robotics 2025年 41卷 3143-3161页

作者： Ju, Zhongjin Wei, Ke Xu, Yundou Yanshan University Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System Laboratory of Hebei Province Qinhuangdao066004 China Yanshan University Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging and Stamping Technology and Science Ministry of Education of China Qinhuangdao066004 China

This study introduces a novel quadruped robot, the TerraAdapt, furnished with an innovative deformable wheel-foot integrated structure. This unique design grants the robot the flexibility to alternate between wheeled and footed modes of locomotion, making it efficient in traversing diverse terrains, from smooth indoor floors to challenging outdoor landscapes laden with obstacles. The study delineates an in-depth design and analysis of the deformable wheel and its integrated wheel-foot structure using screw theory. We engineer a 2RRR-RP wheel-foot mode-switching mechanism by modifying a 2RRR spatial six-bar mechanism with an additional RP branch. This mechanism aids in seamless transitioning between different movement modes. Moreover, a 2RRR parallel structure is employed to construct the footed mode *** substantiate the viability and efficacy of the proposed design, we carry out extensive motion simulations and construct an experimental prototype for field testing. The field trials reveal the robot's adeptness in adapting to varied terrains, highlighting the possible advantages of incorporating the proposed deformable wheel into micro mobile robot designs. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Machine design

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Microstructure evolution of 7050 aluminum forgings during surface cumulative plastic deformation

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2025年第1期35卷 45-59页

作者： Jian-liang HU Ze-xiong ZHANG Cheng XING Xiu-jiang WU Shi-quan HUANG Hong BO Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging&Stamping Technology and Science Ministry of EducationYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China College of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China Hebei Engineering Technology Research Center of Metal Precision Plastic Processing Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China

To elucidate the mechanisms of regulating the microstructure uniformity in 7050 aluminum forgings through surface cumulative plastic deformation(SCPD),the microstructure under different solution treatments was investigated using metallographic observation(OM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The findings demonstrate that the most uniform microstructure in the forgings is achieved with a solution treatment at 470℃for 30 *** SCPD process generates a significant number of needle-shaped precipitates,resulting in a higher dislocation density and stored *** treatments alleviate the pinning effect of second-phase particles and facilitate static recrystallization(SRX)in forgings,leading to a reduction in grain ***,mechanical testing results demonstrate 7%−13%increase in tensile strength and more uniform elongation of the forgings in different directions.

关键词： microstructure homogeneity surface cumulative plastic deformation(SCPD) static recrystallization(SRX) dislocation density

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Effect of initial microstructure on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 0.12C martensitic steels during quenching and tempering

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2025年第1期32卷 260-269页

作者： Ya-ru Wang Zi-yong Hou He Yang Jun Zhao Zhi-yuan Chang Fan-mao Meng Ling Zhang Gui-lin Wu Xiao-xu Huang State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resource Comprehensive Utilization Panzhihua 617000SichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced FerrometallurgySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys(Ministry of Education) College of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Institute of Steel Technology for Automobile and Household Appliance Pangang Group Co.Ltd.Panzhihua 617000SichuanChina ATB Motor(Shanghai)Co. Ltd.Keen International CenterShanghai 200041China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a Fe-0.12C-0.2Si-1.6Mn-0.3Cr-0.0025B(wt.%)steel with different initial microstructures,i.e.,hot rolled(HR)and cold rolled-annealed(CRA),were studied through optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,electron channeling contrast imaging,microhardness and room temperature uniaxial tensile *** water quenching from 930℃ to room temperature,a fully martensitic microstructure was obtained in both as-quenched HR and CRA specimens,which shows a microhardness of 480±5 HV,and no significant difference in microstructure and microhardness was *** test results show that the product of tensile strength and total elongation(UTS×TE)of the as-quenched HR specimen,i.e.,24.1 GPa%,is higher than that of the as-quenched CRA specimen,i.e.,18.9 GPa%.While,after being tempered at 300℃,the martensitic microstructures and mechanical properties of the two as-quenched specimens change significantly due to the synergy role of the matrix phase softening and the precipitation *** the maximum UTS×TE,it is 18.9 GPa%obtained in the as-quenched CRA one,while that is 24.4 GPa%obtained in the HR specimen after tempered at 300℃ for 5 min.

关键词： Initial microstructure Lath martensite Quenching Tempering Mechanical property

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Research on state monitoring system of high-pressure servo motor based on SVDD and SVM

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Zhendong yu Chongji/Journal of Vibration and Shock 2025年第12期44卷 238-248页

作者： Ma, Liqiang Jiang, Anqi Jiang, Wanlu Zheng, Yunfei Wu, Fenghe Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Heavy Machinery Fluid Power Transmission and Control Yanshan University Qinhuangdao066004 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging & Stamping Technology and Science Ministry of Education Yanshan University Qinhuangdao066004 China School of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao066004 China School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao066004 China

In the monitoring of high-pressure servo motor, the number of normal samples far exceeds that of fault ones. Fault data are scarce and relatively difficult to collect. In addition, with the uncertain of fault occurrence, traditional monitoring methods are difficult to apply effectively. To address these issues, a state monitoring system for high-pressure servo motor was proposed based on support vector data description (SVDD) for anomaly detection and support vector machine (SVM) for fault diagnosis. Initially, time-domain (T), frequency-domain (F), and wavelet packet subband energy (W) features were extracted from raw data. These features were then fused and normalized to form a new multidimensional feature vector, TFW. Subsequently, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was employed to deeply mine the TFW, generating more expressive features, TFWCNN, which served as inputs to the SVDD and SVM models. An experimental platform for simulating high-pressure servo motor faults was constructed to collect data and validate the proposed method. The results indicate that on three dynamic datasets with different valve opening positions, the Fl scores for SVDD anomaly detection are 0. 999 1, 0. 997 8, and 0. 976 0, and for SVM fault diagnosis, the Fl scores are 0.998 8, 0.995 0, and 0. 986 7, respectively. These findings demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in the state monitoring of high-pressure servo motor and highlight the efficacy and accuracy of deep TFWCNN features. Furthermore, this study provides an effective technical solution for similar turbine state monitoring and diagnostic systems. © 2025 Chinese Vibration Engineering Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Effect of Laser Welding on Performance of the B1500HS/340LA High-Strength Steel

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Metals 2025年第4期15卷 393-393页

作者： Wang, Heyuan Duan, Yongchuan Hao, Shijun Guan, Yingping Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging & Stamping Technology and Science of Ministry of Education Yanshan University Qinhuangdao066004 China School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao066004 China Ningbo L.K. Technology Co. Ltd. Ningbo315000 China

In this study, high-strength steels B1500HS and B340LA were used as base materials, and laser welding experiments were conducted within a parameter range of welding power from 1500 W to 3000 W and welding speed from 15 mm/s to 35 mm/s. Microstructural analysis, microhardness testing, and uniaxial tensile tests were performed to systematically investigate the effects of different welding parameters on the weld microstructure and macroscopic mechanical properties, leading to the identification of an optimal welding parameter range that avoids defect-prone regions. The bending formability of tailor-welded blanks (TWBs) was evaluated using hat-shaped bending tests, with finite element simulations employed to analyze the effects of welding parameters on stress distribution and material hardening behavior. Based on the identified high-quality welding parameters, a suitable welding parameter range for reverse bending conditions was determined, effectively improving the bending formability of TWBs and providing theoretical guidance and experimental support for their engineering applications. © 2025 by the authors.

关键词： Microhardness

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General Analytical Shakedown Solution for Structures with Kinematic Hardening Materials

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2016年第5期29卷 944-953页

作者： GUO Baofeng ZOU Zongyuan JIN Miao Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging & Stamping Technology and Science of Ministry of Education Yanshan University

The effect of kinematic hardening behavior on the shakedown behaviors of structure has been investigated by performing shakedown analysis for some specific problems. The results obtained only show that the shakedown limit loads of structures with kinematic hardening model are larger than or equal to those with perfectly plastic model of the same initial yield stress. To further investigate the rules governing the different shakedown behaviors of kinematic hardening structures, the extended shakedown theorem for limited kinematic hardening is applied, the shakedown condition is then proposed, and a general analytical solution for the structural shakedown limit load is thus derived. The analytical shakedown limit loads for fully reversed cyclic loading and non-fully reversed cyclic loading are then given based on the general solution. The resulting analytical solution is applied to some specific problems： a hollow specimen subjected to tension and torsion, a flanged pipe subjected to pressure and axial force and a square plate with small central hole subjected to biaxial tension. The results obtained are compared with those in literatures, they are consistent with each other. Based on the resulting general analytical solution, rules governing the general effects of kinematic hardening behavior on the shakedown behavior of structure are clearly.

关键词： elastic-plastic elastic shakedown kinematic hardening shakedown limit load general analytical solution

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Formation Mechanism of Inclusion Defects in Large Forged Pieces

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2016年第6期23卷 531-538页

作者： Rong-sheng QI Miao JIN Xin-gang LIU Bao-feng GUO Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging and Stamping Technology and Science of Ministry of Education Yanshan University

Nonmetallic inclusions mixed into large forged metal objects destroy the continuity in the metal and affect the quality of the forged *** on how inclusions affect the plastic deformation of a matrix shows the significance of the formation mechanism of inclusion *** upset forging,the nonlinear finite element model was shown to be appropriate for the ingot hot-forging process by comparing the results with experiments involving plastic and hard inclusions inserted into the forged *** high-temperature stress-strain curves of MnS plastic inclusions were obtained *** results show how,during upsetting,the morphology of MnS plastic inclusions varies from spherical to ellipsoidal,until finally becoming flat in *** larger the inclusion is,the larger the degree of deformation of the inclusion is,and large inclusions enhance the risk of the final product failing to pass inspection for inclusion *** significantly concentrates in the matrix near a hard *** the hard inclusion reaches a certain size,conical fractures form on both sides of the *** pass inclusion-flaw inspection and close hole defects to the extent possible,the flat-anvil upsetting is ***,the inclusiondeformation state obtained by finite element simulation is verified experimentally.

关键词： inclusion inspection anvil spherical destroy continuity forging finally verified ingot

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Static Recrystallization Behavior of 316LN Austenitic Stainless Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2013年第11期20卷 67-72页

作者： JIN Miao LU Bo LIU Xin-gang GUO Huan JI Hai-peng GUO Bao-feng Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging and Stamping Technology and Science of Ministry of Education Yanshan University

The static recrystallization of 316LN austenitic stainless steel was studied by double-pass hot compression tests on a Gleeble 3500 thermomechanical simulator. The specimens were compressed at the deformation tempera- tures of 950, 1050, 1150 ℃, strain rates of 0.01, 0.1, 1 s^- 1, strains of 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and intervals of 1-100 s. The results show that the volume fraction of static recrystallization of 316LN increases with the increase of deforma- tion temperature, strain rate, strain and interval, which indicates that static recrystallization occurs easily under the conditions of higher deformation temperature, higher strain rate and larger strain. Deformation temperature has sig- nificant influence on static recrystallization of 316LN. The volume fraction of static recrystallization could easily reach 1000% at higher deformation temperatures. By microstructure analysis, it can be concluded that the larger the volume fraction of static recrystallization, the more obvious the grain refinement. The static recrystallization activation energy of 317 882 J/mol and the exponent n of 0.46 were obtained. The static recrystallization kinetics was established. The predicted volume fraction of static recrystallization is in good agreement with the experimental results.

关键词： static recrystallization austenitic stainless steel hot deformation

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