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Tribology Performance of Silica Nanoparticles as Lubricant Additives in a Reciprocating Four-Stroke Engine Motorcycle

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International Journal of Automotive technology 2023年第2期24卷 435-444页

作者： Lue, Yeou-Feng Hsiao, Wei-Liang Chen, Yi-Shun Undergraduate Program of Vehicle and Energy Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei10610 Taiwan Department of Industrial Education National Taiwan Normal University Taipei10610 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology Taipei22061 Taiwan

Lubricants, such as any types of greases and oils, are usually used to reduce the effect of friction. However, they also have multifunctions that increase the overall performance and application life. To clarify how lubricants decrease friction and reduce friction-related issues, this study evaluated the performance of specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions (such as hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter) of motorcycle with nanosilica (nano-SiO2) added to the original lubricant. Lubricants with 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 were evaluated after testing their basic properties and conducting tribology tests. The lubricant with 3.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 was the best candidate for the four-stroke engine motorcycle experiments. The results of the tribology experiment with nano-SiO2 lubricant showed that the abrasion loss corresponding to the 3.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 lubricant decreased by an average of 42.43 %. Overall, the 3.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 lubricant improved the effect of lubrication. The primary focus of the current study was the development of nano-SiO2 lubricant technology for applications in industry environments. © 2023, The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers.

关键词： Tribology

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ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN FLOW IN FOOD WASTE: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY RESTAURANT-UNB 32nd

ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN FLOW IN FOOD WASTE: A CASE STUDY OF THE...

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32nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, EUBCE 2024

作者： Ramos, Arthur Augusto Frasson De Brites, Eneida Campos Felipe Soares, Raquel Moraes Silveira, Edgar A. Contreras, Francisco University of Brasilia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil University of Brasilia Graduate Program on Environmental Technology and Water Resources Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Brasília Estrutural Campus DF Brasília71250-000 Brazil University of Brasília Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program Laboratory of Energy and Environment DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil

With the projected global population reaching 9.7 billion by 2050, the production and consumption of food continue to escalate. Nitrogen is pivotal in this landscape due to its significance in living organisms and the environmental repercussions associated with nutrient-rich waste. Inappropriate disposal of such residues contributes to nitrogen release into the environment, impacting aquatic ecosystems and precipitating the generation of greenhouse gases. This study tackles the global challenge of effectively managing nitrogen in food waste by utilizing Material Flow Analysis (MFA) as a tool to comprehend this cycle. The analysis uncovered that vegetables, legumes, and fruits constitute the primary sources of waste generation, while meats, despite their lower mass, account for a substantial proportion of total nitrogen depletion. In the surveyed month of October 2023, 174,834 meals were served, resulting in an average food consumption N-footprint of 0.003 kg of nitrogen discarded per individual meal within the restaurant’s organic waste. These findings indicate that 65% of nitrogen is consumed in meal form, while 35% is discarded as organic solid waste. However, 53% of the nitrogen in the residues originates from food preparation processes, with food preparation responsible for over half of this figure. A deeper process analysis reveals that vegetables have low nitrogen concentrations, although they significantly contribute to waste at all stages. In contrast, meats and eggs, with higher nitrogen concentrations, emerge as noteworthy contributors to the overall nitrogen content in waste. Vegetables and meats contribute about 50% and 45% of the total nitrogen, respectively. These outcomes substantially enhance our comprehension of waste generation dynamics and nutrient utilization at the university restaurant, assisting with waste management, design of sustainable menus, reduction of food waste, and optimized resource utilization, contributing to sustainability and re

关键词： Effluent treatment

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An ultra thin,bright,and sensitive interactive tactile display based on organic mechanoluminescence for dual-mode handwriting identification

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InfoMat 2024年第6期6卷 76-87页

作者： Tingting Hou Wenlang Li Haoyu Wang Yuantian Zheng Chaojie Chen Haoran Zhang Kai Chen Huilin Xie Xin Li Shaoshuai He Siwei Zhang Dengfeng Peng Cheng Yang Jacky W.Y.Lam Ben Zhong Tang Yunlong Zi Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kongthe People's Republic of China Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced StudyThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kongthe People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenthe People's Republic of China Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)Guangzhouthe People's Republic of China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Interdisciplinary Program Office Hong Kong SARthe People's Republic of China Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenthe People's Republic of China School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and TechnologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenthe People's Republic of China HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute Shenzhenthe People's Republic of China Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute Guangzhouthe People's Republic of China

Visible light-based human–machine interactive media is capable of transmitting electrical readouts to machines and providing intuitive feedback to users ***,many inorganic mechanoluminescent(ML)materials-based interactive media,typically ZnS-loaded phosphors(ZLPs),have been successfully ***,organic ML materials-based solutions were rarely exploited despite their huge merits of strong structural modification,abundant luminescence property,low cost,easy preparation,and so ***,we propose a novel interactive tactile display(ITD)based on organic ML materials(Cz-A6-dye)and triboelectric nanogenerator,with ultra-brightness(130%enhancement)and ultra-low threshold pressure(57%reduction)as compared to *** proposed ITD achieves the conversion of weak mechanical stimuli into visible light and electrical signals simultaneously,without extra power ***,the relationship between the luminous performance of organic ML materials and mechanical force is quantified,benefiting from the uniform ML layer *** by convolutional neural networks,the high-accuracy recognition(97.1%)for handwriting and identity of users is realized at the same ***,the ITD has great potential for intelligent wearable electronics and classified military applications.

关键词： interactive media organic mechanoluminescence triboelectric nanogenerators

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Thermodynamic and Environmental Assessment of Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerants for Domestic Cooling

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C 2023年第2期104卷 377-383页

作者： Islam, Md. Amirul Rupam, Tahmid Hasan Hosan, Shahadat Saha, Bidyut Baran Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Kasuga-Koen 6-1 Kasuga-Shi Fukuoka816-8580 Japan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University Gopalganj8100 Bangladesh Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-Ku Fukuoka819-0395 Japan Kyushu University Program for Leading Graduate School Green Asia Education Center Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-Ku Fukuoka819-0395 Japan

Nearly two billion air-conditioning (AC) units are currently being used for space cooling worldwide. The majority of these ACs use R134a as the working fluid, a greenhouse gas (GHG) with a global warming potential (GWP) of 1300 kg-CO2-eq. According to the rules set by the world environment safety organizations, the GWP of domestic air-conditioning systems must not exceed 750 kg-CO2-eq. Hence, the R134a must be phased out by 2025, and an alternative refrigerant with similar thermodynamic properties yet low GWP is required. Therefore, the authors have investigated several potential binary/ternary refrigerant blends in this study. Among the studied refrigerants, R445A, R30A, and NPB2 (newly proposed blend: 8% R152a + 92% R1234yf) can reduce 90–99% global warming impact (more than 200 million tonnes of CO2 emission equivalent) caused by the domestic air-conditioning systems every year. © 2023, The Institution of Engineers (India).

关键词： Refrigerants

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Tunable Multimodal Guided Surface Lattice Resonances in Index-Discontinuous Environments

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Suichu Yao, Kan Huang, Wentao Zhao, Xuezheng Zheng, Yuebing Pan, Yunlu Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing Ministry of Education School of Mechatronics Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering Material Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

Surface lattice resonances (SLRs) in metasurfaces are promising in applications of sub-wavelength devices, owning properties such as high quality (high-Q) factors, large local field enhancement and extensive long-range interaction. The tunable peak position and multimodal resonances of SLRs further enhance their appeal for flexible and multi-wavelength light-matter interactions. Despite these advantages, the realization of tunable multimodal SLRs often requires reconfiguring the lattices, leading to limited tunability. Furthermore, current high-Q SLR implementations necessitate a homogeneous dielectric environment, restricting potential applications such as biosensors that are typically operated in an aqueous or air cladding on a substrate. Here we present guided-SLRs (gSLRs), which are easily accessible in index-discontinuous environments while retaining the multimodal property and straightforward tunability of mode number, resonance wavelengths and mode coupling strengths. The gSLRs are achieved by coupling the scattered light from metasurface units into a slab waveguide, creating a light propagating channel in the lattice plane within an index-asymmetric environment. Tailoring the radiation pattern of individual units with guided transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes, multimodal resonances in both orthogonal and parallel coupling directions are accomplished. The mode number and resonance wavelengths can be easily controlled by adjusting the waveguide configuration, while the mode coupling strength is tuned by the vertical position of lattices in the slab. Further shift of the multimodal gSLRs from visible to near-infrared is achieved by introducing a gold backplane. The easy-to-access, flexibly tunable and multimodal gSLRs in inhomogeneous media offer a promising solution to advancing the realization of ultrathin and ultracompact nano-optical and optoelectronic devices. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Waveguides

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Surface Tracking Integrated Extended Depth-of-Field Microscopy for Rapid Non-Contact Examination of Conjunctival Goblet Cells in Humans

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Lee, Jungbin Kim, Seonghan Choi, Wan Jae Ryu, Jin Suk Yoon, Chang Ho Kim, Ki Hean Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongbuk Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Department of Ophthalmology Seoul National University College of Medicine 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu Seoul03080 Korea Republic of Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital Jongno-gu Seoul03080 Korea Republic of Medical Science and Engineering Program School of Convergence Science and Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongbuk Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology Yonsei University Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Seoul National University Hospital Korea Republic of

Conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs) are specialized epithelial cells playing key roles for ocular surface homeostasis and their examination is important for ocular surface disease diagnosis. Recently high-contrast imaging methods were developed for non-invasive CGC examination and verified in animal studies. However, significant challenges remain for human applications. High-speed large-area mosaic imaging along the curved ocular surface is needed to assess statistically meaningful CGCs in the extensive human conjunctiva. To address this challenge, we developed a novel surface detection method and an integrated microscopy system and applied it to human subjects. With both a long detection range and a high update rate, the surface detection method enabled real-time surface tracking during large-area imaging. The integrated microscopy could complete 5×2 patch imaging in approximately 10 s. CGC density analysis showed robust density measurement with the large-area imaging. This is the first demonstration of non-contact large-area cellular examination in humans, and this new development holds promise for non-invasive CGC examination and precision diagnosis of ocular surface diseases. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cells

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Zinc-Doping-Induced Electronic States Modulation of Molybdenum Carbide: Expediting Rate-Determining Steps of Sulfur Conversion in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

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Advanced science 2025年第0期 e2417126页

作者： Qin, Bin Li, Yanmei Wang, Qun Zhang, Si Zhang, Jinglin Wang, Bin Wang, Peijia Chen, Yuhan Yao, Weiqi Wang, Fang Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science Shanxi Normal University Taiyuan030001 China Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnetic Materials and Devices & Research Institute of Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University Taiyuan030001 China Basic Department Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong030801 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

Enhancing Li2S deposition and oxidation kinetics in lithium-sulfur batteries, especially the potential-limiting step under lean electrolyte, can be effectively achieved by developing conductive catalysts. In this study, by using ZnMoO4 as precursors, Zn-doped molybdenum carbide microflowers (Zn-Mo2C) composed of speared porous sheets are fabricated with a hierarchically ordered structure. Density functional theory calculations indicate that Zn doping shifts the d-band center on Mo atoms in Mo2C upward, promotes the elevation of certain antibonding orbitals in Mo─S bonds above the Fermi level, enhances d-p interaction between lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and catalysts, weakens both S─S and Li─S bonds of LiPSs. Incorporating Zn significantly reduces the Gibbs free energy barrier for the rate-limiting step of the Li2S2 → Li2S conversion, from 0.52 eV for Mo2C to just 0.05 eV for Zn-doped Mo2C. Thus, the synthesized Zn-Mo2C demonstrates impressive bifunctional electrocatalytic performance, significantly advancing sulfur reduction and Li2S decomposition. Moreover, this modification enhances charge transfer within the Zn-Mo2C/LiPSs system, synergistically accelerating the kinetics of Li2S4 to Li2S reduction and Li2S oxidation. The Zn-Mo2C/S cathode demonstrates impressive electrochemical performance, achieves remarkable cycling stability with a minimal capacity decay of 0.021% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 5 C, underscoring its potential for high-energy applications. © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Gibbs free energy

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Thermo-economic and environmental evaluation of thin film evaporation using novel metal-organic frameworks to enhance solar desalination performance

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Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2025年 199卷

作者： Sharshir, Swellam W. Abdo, Mohamed R. Yusuf, Kareem El-Naggar, Ahmed A. Joseph, Abanob Ismail, M. Elsaid, Ashraf Mimi El-Samadony, M.O.A. Abdelfatah, Mahmoud El-Shaer, Abdelhamid Yuan, Zhanhui College of Materials Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002 China Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh33516 Egypt Department of Physics and Engineering Mathematics Faculty of Engineering University of Kafrelsheikh Kafrelsheikh Egypt Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Physics Department Faculty of Science Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh33516 Egypt Nano Science and Technology Program Faculty of Science Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh33516 Egypt Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Suez University SuezP.O. Box 43221 Egypt Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology Department Faculty of Technology and Education Helwan University CairoP.O. Box 11282 Egypt Mechanical Power Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Tanta University Tanta City Egypt

The growing shortage of freshwater resources has spurred the development of innovative and sustainable desalination technologies. This study presents a thermo-economic analysis of an innovative hemispherical solar still (HSS) enhanced with a novel Metal-Organic Framework (MOF), specifically Iron-Aluminum Benzene Tricarboxylate. The MOF was characterized through structural, morphological, and optical investigations and integrated into the HSS using two enhancement methods: (I) as a nanofluid (MOF-NF) at a 1 wt% concentration in the feedwater, and (II) as a heat localization material (MOF-HL) by dispersing it on a black cotton wick that spans the basin surface. An external condenser (EC) was added to further enhance condensation in a subsequent configuration. Three identical HSS systems were used for comparative performance evaluation: a baseline unit (CHSS) and two modified systems, one with a condenser and one without. The results indicated that both MOF-based approaches significantly improved the thermal performance and freshwater yield of the HSS. Notably, the MOF-HL configuration outperformed the MOF-NF configuration across all performance metrics. The configuration designated as MOF-HL-EC achieved the highest rate of freshwater production, with a 96.16 % increase in distillate productivity compared to the CHSS. Additionally, this configuration exhibited exergy and energy efficiencies of 3.18 % and 61.1 %, respectively—improvements of 80.85 % and 95.72 % over the traditional system. Economically, the MOF-HL-EC configuration reduced the production cost of distilled water to 0.0115$ per liter, marking a reduction of 25.29 %. © 2025 The Institution of Chemical Engineers

关键词： Iron analysis

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Interfacial studies of Cu₂O/TiO₂ junction deposited at different electropotentials

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Results in Physics 2024年 64卷

作者： Faheem, Muhammad Basha, Beriham Al-Buriahi, M.S. Alrowaili, Z.A. Mahmood, K. Ali, A. Ramzan Khawar, Muhammad Cho, Chungyeon choi, Dongwhi Hussain, S. Department of Physics Division of Science and Technology University of Education Lahore Department of Physics College of Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Department of Physics Sakarya University Department of Physics College of Science Jouf University Department of Physics Government College University Faisalabad Department of Mechanical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program) Kyung Hee University Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering College of Engineering Wonkwang University

Based on the simplistic two-step preparation method, a Cu2O/TiO2 junction was synthesized by electrodepositing a Cuprous Oxide layer on Titanium Oxide thin films at different deposition potentials. The thin films and ... 详细信息

Based on the simplistic two-step preparation method, a Cu₂O/TiO₂ junction was synthesized by electrodepositing a Cuprous Oxide layer on Titanium Oxide thin films at different deposition potentials. The thin films and junction were characterized for their structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties using X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The XRD analysis of the Cu₂O/TiO₂ junction indicated no sharp diffraction peaks of TiO₂, only Cu₂O peaks were observed. The Scanning Electron Microscopy also demonstrated that the Cuprous Oxide thin films possessed three-sided pyramidal structures on their surface. The band gaps of Cu₂O and TiO₂ thin films were calculated as 2.2 eV and 3.3 eV respectively by using Tauc's plots. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed reduced interfacial charge transfer resistance and a boost in charge carrier generation in fabricated junctions (grown at −0.6 V). The flat band potentials and carrier concentrations of the fabricated thin films and their junction were calculated using Mott-Schottky analysis. Meanwhile, charge transfer resistance, solution resistance, constant phase element, and other circuit parameters of the electrochemical cell were studied using Nyquist plots. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Cuprous oxide Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Electrodeposition Titanium oxide

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Influence of submerged arc welding slag content variation on cementitious materials: A sustainable alternative

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Construction and Building Materials 2025年 483卷

作者： Castro-Lopes, S. Rodrigues, V.D. Marden, Sandro Peña-Garcia, R. Padrón-Hernández, E. Berenguer, Romildo Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Pará PA Altamira Brazil Laboratory of Composite Materials and Structural Integrity Corrosion and Biocorrosion - CompoLab/LBC Federal University of Pernambuco PE Recife Brazil Federal University of Paraiba Department of Mechanical Engineering PB Joao Pessoa Brazil Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Postgraduate Program in Physics Engineering Academic Unit of Cabo de Santo Agostinho Cabo de Santo PE Agostinho Brazil Federal University of Pernambuco Department of Physics PE Recife Brazil Polytechnic School University of Pernambuco PE Recife Brazil Federal University of Pernambuco Department of Mechanical Engineering PE Recife Brazil

This study evaluates the effects of submerged arc welding (SAW) slag as a partial replacement for Portland cement in cementitious materials. Cement pastes with 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, and 30 % SAW slag were tested for compressive strength, tensile strength, carbonation resistance, phase formation, and environmental impact. The results revealed that up to 10 % SAW slag significantly enhanced compressive strength, with the 5 % replacement showing a 20.10 % increase in strength at 28 days compared to the control. The mechanical improvement was attributed to the formation of the CSH phase, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Carbonation tests indicated that the 5 % SAW samples reduced carbonation by 5 % compared to the control, while the 10 % SAW samples showed a 1 % reduction. This suggests that SAW slag enhances the resistance of cementitious materials to CO2 attack, improving long-term durability. XRD analysis also identified an increase in amorphous phases in the SAW samples, particularly in the 5 % addition, further supporting the pozzolanic activity of SAW slag. Pozzolanic effectiveness coefficient analysis revealed synergistic effects for SAW slag blends, with optimal performance observed at 5 % replacement, in line with microstructural evidence of enhanced CSH gel formation. Environmental analysis demonstrated that replacing 10 % of Portland cement with SAW slag could reduce CO2 emissions by approximately 4564 kg annually, while a 15 % replacement could lead to a reduction of 6846 kg of CO2. These results underscore the potential of SAW slag as a sustainable and performance-enhancing alternative to conventional cement in concrete production. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Compressive strength

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