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Tribology Performance of Silica Nanoparticles as Lubricant Additives in a Reciprocating Four-Stroke Engine Motorcycle

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International Journal of Automotive technology 2023年第2期24卷 435-444页

作者： Lue, Yeou-Feng Hsiao, Wei-Liang Chen, Yi-Shun Undergraduate Program of Vehicle and Energy Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei10610 Taiwan Department of Industrial Education National Taiwan Normal University Taipei10610 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology Taipei22061 Taiwan

Lubricants, such as any types of greases and oils, are usually used to reduce the effect of friction. However, they also have multifunctions that increase the overall performance and application life. To clarify how lubricants decrease friction and reduce friction-related issues, this study evaluated the performance of specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions (such as hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter) of motorcycle with nanosilica (nano-SiO2) added to the original lubricant. Lubricants with 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 were evaluated after testing their basic properties and conducting tribology tests. The lubricant with 3.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 was the best candidate for the four-stroke engine motorcycle experiments. The results of the tribology experiment with nano-SiO2 lubricant showed that the abrasion loss corresponding to the 3.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 lubricant decreased by an average of 42.43 %. Overall, the 3.5 wt.% nano-SiO2 lubricant improved the effect of lubrication. The primary focus of the current study was the development of nano-SiO2 lubricant technology for applications in industry environments. © 2023, The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers.

关键词： Tribology

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ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN FLOW IN FOOD WASTE: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY RESTAURANT-UNB 32nd

ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN FLOW IN FOOD WASTE: A CASE STUDY OF THE...

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32nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, EUBCE 2024

作者： Ramos, Arthur Augusto Frasson De Brites, Eneida Campos Felipe Soares, Raquel Moraes Silveira, Edgar A. Contreras, Francisco University of Brasilia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil University of Brasilia Graduate Program on Environmental Technology and Water Resources Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Brasília Estrutural Campus DF Brasília71250-000 Brazil University of Brasília Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program Laboratory of Energy and Environment DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil

With the projected global population reaching 9.7 billion by 2050, the production and consumption of food continue to escalate. Nitrogen is pivotal in this landscape due to its significance in living organisms and the environmental repercussions associated with nutrient-rich waste. Inappropriate disposal of such residues contributes to nitrogen release into the environment, impacting aquatic ecosystems and precipitating the generation of greenhouse gases. This study tackles the global challenge of effectively managing nitrogen in food waste by utilizing Material Flow Analysis (MFA) as a tool to comprehend this cycle. The analysis uncovered that vegetables, legumes, and fruits constitute the primary sources of waste generation, while meats, despite their lower mass, account for a substantial proportion of total nitrogen depletion. In the surveyed month of October 2023, 174,834 meals were served, resulting in an average food consumption N-footprint of 0.003 kg of nitrogen discarded per individual meal within the restaurant’s organic waste. These findings indicate that 65% of nitrogen is consumed in meal form, while 35% is discarded as organic solid waste. However, 53% of the nitrogen in the residues originates from food preparation processes, with food preparation responsible for over half of this figure. A deeper process analysis reveals that vegetables have low nitrogen concentrations, although they significantly contribute to waste at all stages. In contrast, meats and eggs, with higher nitrogen concentrations, emerge as noteworthy contributors to the overall nitrogen content in waste. Vegetables and meats contribute about 50% and 45% of the total nitrogen, respectively. These outcomes substantially enhance our comprehension of waste generation dynamics and nutrient utilization at the university restaurant, assisting with waste management, design of sustainable menus, reduction of food waste, and optimized resource utilization, contributing to sustainability and re

关键词： Effluent treatment

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Effect of chemical composition and microstructure on the thermal conductivity of Mg-Al-Ca alloys

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Keikinzoku/Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 2024年第1期74卷 9-13页

作者： Kirimoto, Yuichi Kondo, Natsuki Ito, Mizuki Tsukeda, Tadayoshi Aida, Tetsuo Tabata, Hironobu Kurihara, Hideki Suzuki, Mayumi Department of Nano and Functional Material Science Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku Toyama-shi Toyama930-8555 Japan School of Sustainable Design Materials and Engineering University of Toyama Toyama-shi Toyama Japan Program of Materials Science and Engineering Studies in Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama Toyama-shi Toyama Japan Faculty of Sustainable Design Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama-shi Toyama Japan CHUETSU METAL WORKS CO. LTD. Nakaniikawa-gun Toyama Japan Saitama Industrial Technology Center Kawaguchi-shi Saitama Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Toyama Prefectural University Imizu-shi Toyama Japan

In recent years, the increasing demand for electric vehicles, digital devices such as PCs and smartphones, and renewable energy storage systems has created a need for higher-performance batteries. Accordingly, the thermal conductivity of the case that houses the battery is becoming increasingly important. In this study, compositions with high thermal conductivity and good castability were investigated, focusing on Mg-Al-Ca alloys, and the relationship between the two was examined through thermal conductivity measurements and microstructural observations. As a result, the Mg-6%Al-4%Ca alloy was optimal in terms of castability and thermal conductivity. It was confirmed that a lower Al solid solution capacity and a higher purity of the matrix phase are important to improve the thermal conductivity. It is also suggested that the second phase, platelet Al2Ca, is likely to be recognized and enriched in the matrix, contributing to the improvement of thermal conductivity. The amount of Ca solid solution in the matrix was suggested to be reduced by the enrichment of Al in the matrix. The Ca solid solution in the matrix was found to be less effective in reducing thermal conductivity than the Al solid solution. © 2024 The Japan Institute of Light Metals.

关键词： Magnesium alloys

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Investigation of manufacturing conditions of single roll rapidly solidified ribbon for anode materials of magnesium rechargeable batteries

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Keikinzoku/Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 2023年第11期73卷 537-544页

作者： Kirimoto, Yuichi Fuke, Kousuke Tsukeda, Tadayoshi Aida, Tetsuo Nemoto, Yasunori Ikeda, Minoru Tabata, Hironobu Kurihara, Hideki Suzuki, Mayumi Department of Nano and Functional Material Science Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku Toyama-shi-shiToyama Toyama930-8555 Japan Program of Materials Science and Engineering Studies in Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama Toyama-shi-shiToyama Toyama Japan Faculty of Sustainable Design Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama-shi Toyama-shi-shiToyama Toyama Japan FLOW Science JAPAN Shizuoka Hamamatsu-shi Japan CHUETSU METAL WORKS CO. LTD Nakaniikawa-gun Toyama Japan Saitama Industrial Technology Center Saitama Kawaguchi-shi Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Toyama Prefectural University Imizu-shi Toyama Japan

Magnesium rechargeable batteries are attracting attention as next-generation rechargeable batteries because of their resource abundance, cost, safety, and high electrical capacity per volume compared to conventional lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. Our joint research team focused not only on the electrochemically active magnesium composition of ribbon for the negative electrode materials of magnesium rechargeable batteries but also on the production process, focused on the single roll type liquid quenching and rapid solidification method, which can be produced at a lower cost. In this study, the optimal processing conditions were examined by comparing CAE analysis with ribbon actually manufactured, with the aim of further improving manufacturing conditions using the same method, such as length discontinuities, thickness, and surface properties of ribbon. We specifically various process parameters such as injection pressure and roll peripheral speed for evaluation. As a result, several linear cracks were observed on the surface of the ribbon as the peripheral speed increased and as the Gap became wider, and the surface properties tended to deteriorate. Also, It was found that the dominant factor in the length of the ribbon was the peripheral speed. As the peripheral speed increased, the length of the ribbon tended to increase. © 2023 Japan Institute of Light Metals. All rights reserved.

关键词： Surface properties

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An ultra thin,bright,and sensitive interactive tactile display based on organic mechanoluminescence for dual-mode handwriting identification

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InfoMat 2024年第6期6卷 76-87页

作者： Tingting Hou Wenlang Li Haoyu Wang Yuantian Zheng Chaojie Chen Haoran Zhang Kai Chen Huilin Xie Xin Li Shaoshuai He Siwei Zhang Dengfeng Peng Cheng Yang Jacky W.Y.Lam Ben Zhong Tang Yunlong Zi Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kongthe People's Republic of China Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced StudyThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kongthe People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenthe People's Republic of China Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)Guangzhouthe People's Republic of China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Interdisciplinary Program Office Hong Kong SARthe People's Republic of China Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenthe People's Republic of China School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and TechnologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenthe People's Republic of China HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute Shenzhenthe People's Republic of China Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute Guangzhouthe People's Republic of China

Visible light-based human–machine interactive media is capable of transmitting electrical readouts to machines and providing intuitive feedback to users ***,many inorganic mechanoluminescent(ML)materials-based interactive media,typically ZnS-loaded phosphors(ZLPs),have been successfully ***,organic ML materials-based solutions were rarely exploited despite their huge merits of strong structural modification,abundant luminescence property,low cost,easy preparation,and so ***,we propose a novel interactive tactile display(ITD)based on organic ML materials(Cz-A6-dye)and triboelectric nanogenerator,with ultra-brightness(130%enhancement)and ultra-low threshold pressure(57%reduction)as compared to *** proposed ITD achieves the conversion of weak mechanical stimuli into visible light and electrical signals simultaneously,without extra power ***,the relationship between the luminous performance of organic ML materials and mechanical force is quantified,benefiting from the uniform ML layer *** by convolutional neural networks,the high-accuracy recognition(97.1%)for handwriting and identity of users is realized at the same ***,the ITD has great potential for intelligent wearable electronics and classified military applications.

关键词： interactive media organic mechanoluminescence triboelectric nanogenerators

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Improvement of corrosion resistance and heat dissipation of Mg-6%Al-4%Ca alloy by the addition of Mn, Mm, and the surface treatment

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Keikinzoku/Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 2023年第12期73卷 646-650页

作者： Ito, Mizuki Kondo, Natsuki Kirimoto, Yuichi Tsukeda, Tadayoshi Aida, Tetsuo Tabata, Hironobu Kurihara, Hideki Suzuki, Mayumi Program of Materials Science and Engineering Studies in Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku Toyama-shi Toyama930-8555 Japan School of Sustainable Design Materials and Engineering University of Toyama Toyama Toyama-shi Japan Department of Nano and Functional Material Science Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education University of Toyama Toyama Toyama-shi Japan Faculty of Sustainable Design Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Toyama-shi Japan CHUETSU METAL WORKS CO LTD.. Nakaniikawa-gun Toyama Japan Saitama Industrial Technology Center Kawaguchi-shi Saitama Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Toyama Prefectural University Toyama Imizu-shi Japan

With the recent digitization, electronic equipment housings are required to be thin-walled and have rigidity, heat dissipation, corrosion resistance, and electromagnetic shielding properties. Magnesium alloys are promising materials that satisfy these requirements. Mg-Al alloys have good castability and high strength, but their thermal conductivity decreases. In general, adding alloying elements to magnesium decreases thermal conductivity the effect of aluminum addition is significant. It was found that adding calcium to Mg-Al alloys to form Mg-Al-Ca (AX) alloys results in higher thermal conductivity than that of Mg-Al alloys. However, AX alloys have poor corrosion resistance and require post-treatment such as surface treatment. In this study, AX64, which has high thermal conductivity among the AX series alloys, was used as the basic composition, and corrosion resistance was improved by adding manganese and misch metal, and an attempt was made to improve corrosion resistance and emissivity through surface treatment. The change in thermal conductivity by heat treatment was also investigated. Experimental results showed that the addition of manganese and misch metal improved corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity. Plasma anodization also improved corrosion resistance and emissivity. Heat treatment of these alloys at 400°C improved the thermal conductivity with longer holding time. © 2023 The Japan Institute of Light Metals.

关键词： Corrosion resistance

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Thermodynamic and Environmental Assessment of Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerants for Domestic Cooling

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C 2023年第2期104卷 377-383页

作者： Islam, Md. Amirul Rupam, Tahmid Hasan Hosan, Shahadat Saha, Bidyut Baran Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Kasuga-Koen 6-1 Kasuga-Shi Fukuoka816-8580 Japan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University Gopalganj8100 Bangladesh Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-Ku Fukuoka819-0395 Japan Kyushu University Program for Leading Graduate School Green Asia Education Center Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-Ku Fukuoka819-0395 Japan

Nearly two billion air-conditioning (AC) units are currently being used for space cooling worldwide. The majority of these ACs use R134a as the working fluid, a greenhouse gas (GHG) with a global warming potential (GWP) of 1300 kg-CO2-eq. According to the rules set by the world environment safety organizations, the GWP of domestic air-conditioning systems must not exceed 750 kg-CO2-eq. Hence, the R134a must be phased out by 2025, and an alternative refrigerant with similar thermodynamic properties yet low GWP is required. Therefore, the authors have investigated several potential binary/ternary refrigerant blends in this study. Among the studied refrigerants, R445A, R30A, and NPB2 (newly proposed blend: 8% R152a + 92% R1234yf) can reduce 90–99% global warming impact (more than 200 million tonnes of CO2 emission equivalent) caused by the domestic air-conditioning systems every year. © 2023, The Institution of Engineers (India).

关键词： Refrigerants

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Tunable Multimodal Guided Surface Lattice Resonances in Index-Discontinuous Environments

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Suichu Yao, Kan Huang, Wentao Zhao, Xuezheng Zheng, Yuebing Pan, Yunlu Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing Ministry of Education School of Mechatronics Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering Material Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

Surface lattice resonances (SLRs) in metasurfaces are promising in applications of sub-wavelength devices, owning properties such as high quality (high-Q) factors, large local field enhancement and extensive long-range interaction. The tunable peak position and multimodal resonances of SLRs further enhance their appeal for flexible and multi-wavelength light-matter interactions. Despite these advantages, the realization of tunable multimodal SLRs often requires reconfiguring the lattices, leading to limited tunability. Furthermore, current high-Q SLR implementations necessitate a homogeneous dielectric environment, restricting potential applications such as biosensors that are typically operated in an aqueous or air cladding on a substrate. Here we present guided-SLRs (gSLRs), which are easily accessible in index-discontinuous environments while retaining the multimodal property and straightforward tunability of mode number, resonance wavelengths and mode coupling strengths. The gSLRs are achieved by coupling the scattered light from metasurface units into a slab waveguide, creating a light propagating channel in the lattice plane within an index-asymmetric environment. Tailoring the radiation pattern of individual units with guided transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes, multimodal resonances in both orthogonal and parallel coupling directions are accomplished. The mode number and resonance wavelengths can be easily controlled by adjusting the waveguide configuration, while the mode coupling strength is tuned by the vertical position of lattices in the slab. Further shift of the multimodal gSLRs from visible to near-infrared is achieved by introducing a gold backplane. The easy-to-access, flexibly tunable and multimodal gSLRs in inhomogeneous media offer a promising solution to advancing the realization of ultrathin and ultracompact nano-optical and optoelectronic devices. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Waveguides

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Surface Tracking Integrated Extended Depth-of-Field Microscopy for Rapid Non-Contact Examination of Conjunctival Goblet Cells in Humans

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Lee, Jungbin Kim, Seonghan Choi, Wan Jae Ryu, Jin Suk Yoon, Chang Ho Kim, Ki Hean Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongbuk Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Department of Ophthalmology Seoul National University College of Medicine 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu Seoul03080 Korea Republic of Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital Jongno-gu Seoul03080 Korea Republic of Medical Science and Engineering Program School of Convergence Science and Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongbuk Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology Yonsei University Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Seoul National University Hospital Korea Republic of

Conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs) are specialized epithelial cells playing key roles for ocular surface homeostasis and their examination is important for ocular surface disease diagnosis. Recently high-contrast imaging methods were developed for non-invasive CGC examination and verified in animal studies. However, significant challenges remain for human applications. High-speed large-area mosaic imaging along the curved ocular surface is needed to assess statistically meaningful CGCs in the extensive human conjunctiva. To address this challenge, we developed a novel surface detection method and an integrated microscopy system and applied it to human subjects. With both a long detection range and a high update rate, the surface detection method enabled real-time surface tracking during large-area imaging. The integrated microscopy could complete 5×2 patch imaging in approximately 10 s. CGC density analysis showed robust density measurement with the large-area imaging. This is the first demonstration of non-contact large-area cellular examination in humans, and this new development holds promise for non-invasive CGC examination and precision diagnosis of ocular surface diseases. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cells

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Zinc-Doping-Induced Electronic States Modulation of Molybdenum Carbide: Expediting Rate-Determining Steps of Sulfur Conversion in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

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Advanced science 2025年第0期 e2417126页

作者： Qin, Bin Li, Yanmei Wang, Qun Zhang, Si Zhang, Jinglin Wang, Bin Wang, Peijia Chen, Yuhan Yao, Weiqi Wang, Fang Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science Shanxi Normal University Taiyuan030001 China Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnetic Materials and Devices & Research Institute of Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University Taiyuan030001 China Basic Department Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong030801 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

Enhancing Li2S deposition and oxidation kinetics in lithium-sulfur batteries, especially the potential-limiting step under lean electrolyte, can be effectively achieved by developing conductive catalysts. In this study, by using ZnMoO4 as precursors, Zn-doped molybdenum carbide microflowers (Zn-Mo2C) composed of speared porous sheets are fabricated with a hierarchically ordered structure. Density functional theory calculations indicate that Zn doping shifts the d-band center on Mo atoms in Mo2C upward, promotes the elevation of certain antibonding orbitals in Mo─S bonds above the Fermi level, enhances d-p interaction between lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and catalysts, weakens both S─S and Li─S bonds of LiPSs. Incorporating Zn significantly reduces the Gibbs free energy barrier for the rate-limiting step of the Li2S2 → Li2S conversion, from 0.52 eV for Mo2C to just 0.05 eV for Zn-doped Mo2C. Thus, the synthesized Zn-Mo2C demonstrates impressive bifunctional electrocatalytic performance, significantly advancing sulfur reduction and Li2S decomposition. Moreover, this modification enhances charge transfer within the Zn-Mo2C/LiPSs system, synergistically accelerating the kinetics of Li2S4 to Li2S reduction and Li2S oxidation. The Zn-Mo2C/S cathode demonstrates impressive electrochemical performance, achieves remarkable cycling stability with a minimal capacity decay of 0.021% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 5 C, underscoring its potential for high-energy applications. © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Gibbs free energy

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