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A Stackelberg Game Framework for Energy Internet System By Operator Approach

IEEE Transactions on Network Science and engineering 2025年

作者： Chen, Yue Yi, Peng Lei, Jinlong Li, Xiangjun Tongji University Department of Control Science and Engineering Shanghai201804 China Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Ministry of Education China China Electric Power Research Institute National Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Grid-Integration Energy Storage and Electrical Engineering Department Beijing100192 China

This paper proposes a Stackelberg game framework for managing an Energy Internet System that integrates renewable energy generation, energy conversion, and energy trading. The system comprises hubs controlled by competing energy companies, incorporating both external energy trading and peer-to-peer energy exchanges. It involves multiple stakeholders whose decisions are interdependent, creating challenges in decision-making. To tackle these challenges, we propose a networked Stackelberg game framework with two main objectives. First, from the energy companies' perspective, the companies make decisions by considering strategic interactions with other companies while accounting for the best responses of passive consumers within peer-to-peer constraints. Second, from the consumer side, consumers adjust their decisions based on their observations of the companies' strategies. The framework adopts a hierarchical decision-making structure in which energy companies act as leaders, formulating strategies that anticipate consumer demand responses, while competing within a Nash game. Meanwhile, consumer clusters, managed by demand management centers, modify their energy usage based on an incentive price mechanism. To search for the equilibrium, we develop an operator-theoretic approach that combines implicit gradient methods with proximal operator splitting techniques, and prove its convergence. Numerical studies and simulations on a combined IEEE 37-bus and gas source model with multiple energy hubs validate the model's effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. The results demonstrate the operational efficiency and strategic stability of the system, emphasizing the advantages of active market participation for both energy companies and consumers. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Demand response

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The control strategy for distributed energy storage devices using fully diffusion strategy

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Heliyon 2025年第3期11卷 e42175页

作者： Liu, Zejian Yang, Ping Lin, Xu Fan, Ziwei Hong, Cencen Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technology of Guangdong Province School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China Power Dispatch Control Center Guangdong Power Grid Corporation Guangzhou 510699 China Shenzhen Huagong Energy Technology Co. Ltd Shenzhen 518100 China School of Automation Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing 211167 China

The distributed energy storage device units (ESUs) in a DC energy storage power station (ESS) suffer the problems of overcharged and undercharged with uncertain initial state of charge (SOC), which may reduce the service period of ESUs. To address this problem, a distributed secondary control based on diffusion strategy is proposed. In the first layer, each ESUs operates with its local controller by droop control. In the second layer controller, diffusion strategy coordinate the SOC of multiple distributed ESUs with uncertain initial SOC. Compared with centralized control, the proposed method contributes to a higher scalability and reliability. Diffusion strategy allows adjacent nodes to diffuse and cooperate information in real-time, and it includes a stochastic gradient term. Thus, diffusion strategy can achieve a higher convergence rate and lower mean-square-error than consensus strategies. For the second layer controller, first the coordinated control of ESUs is transformed into two optimization problems: the balanced output voltage and the balanced SOC of each ESU. Then, diffusion strategy is used to solve the optimization problems. Finally, a simulation model is built to verify the effectiveness of diffusion strategy. The results show that diffusion strategy always ensure the stability irrespective of the combination topology. Compared with the widely used consensus method, diffusion strategy shows a good performance in realizing demand response for distributed ESUs. © 2025

关键词： Diffusion strategy Energy storage device unit (ESU) State-of-charge (SOC) equalization Voltage compensation

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Hierarchical Grid-Interactive power Performance Enhancement Method for D-PMSG-Based Virtual Synchronous Wind Turbines

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IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2025年

作者： Huang, Guohang Wei, Juan Cheng, Xueting Huang, Sheng Li, Canbing Huang, Shoudao Wen, Yuliang Liu, Wenbiao Hunan University College of Electrical and Information Engineering Changsha410082 China State Grid Shanxi Electric Power Research Institute Taiyuan030001 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion Shanghai200240 China CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co. Ltd Zhuzhou412001 China Nanjing SAC Automation Co. Ltd. R&D Center Jiangsu Nanjing211153 China

Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control is widely applied in grid-interactive inverters due to its similarity to synchronous generators. The VSG frequency variation is delayed by the synchronous swing equation to provide additional inertia support, which also leads to a slower power response. When applied to wind turbines (WTs), VSG reduces their power tracking ability, compromises the wind power capture efficiency, and affects the dispatch commands execution. The response to external frequency causes more power changes in WTs, making it difficult for wind power capture to keep up due to the mass of the rotor and blades, bring extra operational risks for WTs. To address these issues, this paper proposes a hierarchical gridinteractive power performance enhancement method for DPMSG-based virtual synchronous wind turbines (VSWTs). The power performance is enhanced by coordinating the synchronous swing equation and voltage excitation equation parameters. The grid-forming power flow and electromechanical status of the VSWT are integrated to extend the kinetic energy (KE) utilization limits to ensure the efficiency and safety of the VSWT during the KE utilization-based wind power capture regulation. The proposed method comprehensively improves the gridinteractive power performance of VSWTs, and the effectiveness has been validated through comparative simulations. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Kinetic energy

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Distributionally robust electricity-carbon collaborative scheduling of integrated energy systems based on refined joint model of heating networks and buildings

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Renewable Energy 2025年 251卷

作者： Haipeng Chen Jianzhao Song Zhiwei Li Siyuan Shui Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education Northeast Electric Power University Jilin 132012 China Department of Electrical Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin 132012 China School of Automation and Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin 132012 China Northeast Electric Power University Jilin 132012 China

The rapid increase in the grid integration demand of intermittent renewable energy (RE) has raised higher requirements for the flexible regulation and energy storage capacity of integrated energy systems (IES) with combined heat and power (CHP) units. To solve the issues of efficient accommodation of high proportion RE and low-carbon economic operation of the system, this study proposes an optimal scheduling method for IES based on a refined joint model of heating networks and buildings. Firstly, a refined thermal energy transmission model integrating heating networks and buildings is established to accurately depict the dynamic thermal energy transmission process within the system. Then, this paper proposes an electricity - carbon demand response considering the dynamic carbon emission factor, guiding users to use electricity in a low-carbon way. A distributionally robust optimization (DRO) scheduling model is established to quantify the impact of RE output uncertainty, which is efficiently solved using the column and constraint generation algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed DRO model ensures the robustness of system operation while improving low-carbon economic benefits. Notably, the RE consumption rate is increased by 9.52 % compared with traditional scheduling methods, which provides an essential reference for promoting the sustainable development of IES.

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Computational intelligence in low NOx emission combustion for coal-fired power plants

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International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology 2012年第14期4卷 69-75页

作者： Gao, Fang Han, Pu Zhai, Yong-Jie Lu, Yuan Hebei Engineering Research Center of Simulation and Optimized Control for Power Generation North China Electric Power University Baoding China College of Electronics and Information Engineering Hebei University Baoding China

For low NOx emission from coal-fired power plants, the computational intelligence(CI) technologies for NOx emission modeling and optimization are summarized. The modeling technologies of CI for NOx emission include artificial neural networks and fuzzy systems. The optimization methods for low NOx emission combustion consist of evolutionary computation and swarm intelligence. Each method's advantage and disadvantage are comprised and the prospect of low NOx emission combustion is forecasted.

关键词： Fossil fuel power plants

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A Fusion Method of Dual Mode Process Tomography Based on D-S Evidence Theory 29

A Fusion Method of Dual Mode Process Tomography Based on D-S...

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第29届中国控制与决策会议

作者： Zhining Si Pei Tian Department of Automation North China Electric Power University Hebei Engineering Research Center of Simulation & Optimized Control for Power Generation

ISBN: (纸本)9781509046584

In order to improve the image quality of multiphase flow process tomography system,a new fusion method of dual mode process tomography based on D-S evidence theory is *** CT system,due to the small angle of projection,the reconstructed image edge prone to distortion,but Ray's hard field characteristics determine the image has a higher resolution;and ECT system,as the "soft field" characteristic of sensitive field,making the edges of the image with the actual situation reconstruction matches,but lower image *** on the analysis of the imaging mechanism and the aim of the fusion,the D-S evidence theory is applied to the CT/ECT image fusion,and the basic probability assignment is indicated by the distance between the gray value and the cluster *** simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the quality of reconstructed image,and it is verified by the root mean square error.

关键词： Process tomography D-S evidence theory Image fusion Basic probability assignment function

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Selective Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Mine Wastewater Using the Magnetic Zeolite Prepared by Rare Earth Tailings

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Zhang, Jianhui Cheng, Jianchen Xu, Guizhou Hou, Xuechao Yu, Zhifei Liu, Wei Zhang, Yalan Chen, Jianxin Yang, Jiahao Wu, Mengting Yang, Wanqing Li, Simin Zhang, Meiyan Chen, Lijun Li, Zhiwen Zhang, Jiaxia Wu, Xinying Wang, Xinyi Xiao, Jinmei Xie, Xianchuan Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center of Watershed Carbon Neutralization Ministry of Education School of Resource and Environment Nanchang University Nanchang330031 China China Electric Construction Group Jiangxi Electric Power Design Institute Co China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China

The effective enrichment and recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from wastewater holds significant practical value for both the sustainable utilization of REEs and the restoration of ecological environments. In this study, magnetic zeolite was successfully synthesized by using rare earth tailings (RET) as the raw material, with the addition of Fe3O4 to introduce a magnetic phase. Th magnetic zeolite exhibits high crystallinity, excellent thermal stability, substantial specific surface area of 483.8 m2/g, and rapid adsorption kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacities for La3+ and Ce3+ in aqueous solutions were determined to be 123.2 mg/g and 99.9 mg/g, respectively, with adsorption efficiencies remaining above 70% for La3+ and 80% for Ce3+ after six adsorption *** zeolite was effectively employed to recover REEs from real acid mine wastewater, with La3+ and Ce3+ recoveries exceeding 90%, and distribution coefficients (Kd) of 2681.7 mL/g and 5321.8 mL/g, respectively, demonstrating notable adsorption selectivity. Moreover, the magnetic zeolite can be easily separated using an external magnetic field, addressing the recovery challenges typically associated with conventional zeolite. Overall, through this technology, both the loss of REEs from wastewater and the environmental pollution caused by renewable energy technologies are addressed, thus presenting an effective strategy for simultaneous remediation. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tailings

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Data-driven Transient Stability Assessment Model Considering Network Topology Changes via Mahalanobis Kernel Regression and Ensemble Learning

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Journal of Modern power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第6期8卷 1080-1091页

作者： Xianzhuang Liu Xiaohua Zhang Lei Chen Fei Xu Changyou Feng State Grid Corporation of China State Grid Jibei Electric Power Company the State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua University

Transient stability assessment(TSA)is of great importance in power system operation and *** of the usual tasks in TSA is to estimate the critical clearing time(CCT)of a given fault under the given network topology and pre-fault power ***-driven methods try to obtain models describing the mapping between these factors and the CCT from a large number of ***,the influence of network topology on CCT is hard to be analyzed and is often ignored,which makes the models inaccurate and *** this paper,a novel data-driven TSA model combining Mahalanobis kernel regression and ensemble learning is proposed to deal with the *** model is a weighted sum of several *** sub-model only uses the data of one topology to construct a kernel *** weights are determined by both the topological similarity and numerical similarity between the *** similarities are decided by the parameters in Mahalanobis distance,and the parameters are to be *** reduce the model complexity,sub-models within the same topology category share the same *** estimating CCT,the model uses not only the sub-model which the sample topology belongs to,but also other ***,it avoids the problem that there may be too few data under some *** also efficiently utilizes information of data under all the ***,its decision-making process is clear and understandable,and an effective training algorithm is also *** results on both the IEEE 10-machine 39-bus and a real system verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

关键词： Transient stability assessment critical clearing time network topology change Mahalanobis kernel regression ensemble learning data-driven

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Tracking the carbon footprint of global generative artificial intelligence

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Innovation 2025年第5期6卷

作者： Ding, Zhaohao Wang, Jianxiao Song, Yiyang Zheng, Xiaokang He, Guannan Chen, Xiupeng Zhang, Tiance Lee, Wei-Jen Song, Jie State Key Lab of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong999077 China Department of Industrial Engineering and Management College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Jan C. Willems Center for Systems and Control University of Groningen Groningen9700AB Netherlands Energy Systems Research Center University of Texas at Arlington ArlingtonTX76019 United States

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Effect of Hygrothermal Cycle Aging on the Mechanical Behavior of Single-lap Adhesive Bonded Joints

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2019年第2期34卷 337-344页

作者：范以撒那景新 MU Wenlong QIN Guofeng TAN Wei School of Mechanical Engineering North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University

The aging behavior of single lap joints(SLJ) in hygrothermal cycles was investigated and compared by using a shearing strength test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis(TG/DTG), energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS) and scanning electronic microscopy(SEM). The temperature/relative humidity was set at 80 ℃/95% and –40 ℃/30% for 20 cycles, 40 cycles, and 60 cycles(one cycle was 12 hours), respectively. The experimental results show that hygrothermal aging significantly decreases the failure strength of adhesive joints. However, the failure displacement increases as the number of aging cycles increases. In addition, hygrothermal aging changes the failure mode of the adhesive joints from a cohesive fracture in un-aged adhesive layers to an interfacial failure of aged adhesive joints.

关键词： single lap joints hygrothermal aging mechanical behavior FTIR TG/DTG EDS

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