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IEEE Transactions on Radar systems 2024年 3卷 115-123页

作者： White, Daniel Jahangir, Mohammed Mishra, Amit Kumar Baker, Chris J. Antoniou, Michail University Of Birmingham School Of Electrical Electronic And Systems Engineering United Kingdom Aberystwyth University Department Of Computer Science United Kingdom

Deep learning with convolutional neural networks has been widely utilised in radar research concerning automatic target recognition. Maximising numerical metrics to gauge the performance of such algorithms does not necessarily correspond to model robustness against untested targets, nor does it lead to improved model interpretability. Approaches designed to explain the mechanisms behind the operation of a classifier on radar data are proliferating, but bring with them a significant computational and analysis overhead. This work uses an elementary unsupervised convolutional autoencoder (CAE) to learn a compressed representation of a challenging dataset of urban bird and drone targets and subsequently if apparent quality of the representation via preservation of class labels leads to better classification performance after a separate supervised training stage. It is shown that a CAE that reduces the features output after each layer of the encoder gives rise to the best drone vs bird classifier. A clear connection between unsupervised evaluation via label preservation in the latent space and subsequent classification accuracy after supervised fine-tuning is shown, supporting further efforts to optimise radar data latent representations to enable optimal performance and model interpretability. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Drones

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Broadband single-polarization single-mode low confinement loss hollow core anti-resonant fiber with semi-elliptical nested tube

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第4期57卷 1-12页

作者： Lin, Wen Fei, Yihong Wang, Ning Jia, Hongzhi Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China

In this paper, a hollow-core anti-resonant optical fibre containing a semi-elliptical nested tube is proposed, which has the characteristics of single-polarization, large bandwidth, single-mode and low confinement loss. By optimizing the structural design, the polarization extinction ratio (PER) of the fiber reaches 21,0183 at a wavelength of 1.55 μm, and the y-polarized fundamental mode loss is only 0.00086 dB/m. By changing the material and thickness of the semi-ellipsoidal nested tube, a large bandwidth of 280 nm was achieved in the wavelength range of 1.51-1.78 μm, with loss limited to less than 0.001 dB/m within the bandwidth range. The PER and higher-order mode extinction ratio of 4870, 1487, respectively. The loss remains below 0.01 dB/m when the bending radius exceeds 4.5 cm. Therefore, it is expected that this optical fiber can be used in optical devices such as fiber optic sensors, fiber optic lasers and fiber optic gyroscopes. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Single mode fibers

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Polarimetric Image Fusion Strategies for Improving Target Shape and Contrast in Remote Sensing Applications 21

Polarimetric Image Fusion Strategies for Improving Target Sh...

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Electro-Optical and Infrared systems: Technology and Applications XXI 2024

作者： Ratliff, Bradley M. Tyo, J. Scott Taylor, Michael Prikkel, Connor Dept. Electrical & Computer Engineering Dayton University DaytonOH United States Electrical & Computer Systems Engineering Dept. Monash University Melbourne Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781510681088

Images from passive imaging polarimeters are often displayed in terms of their intensity (s0), degree of linear polarization (DoLP), and angle of polarization (AOP). The AOP and DoLP together generally provide information about shape and surface quality of imaged objects;however, the information conveyed in these images are often difficult to interpret, especially to an analyst unfamiliar with polarization phenomenology. Furthermore, it can be challenging to train machine learning approaches with direct polarimetric information due to the limited availability of application-specific data. Augmenting s0 images with polarimetric information in the form of contrast and shape enhancement thus allows for the data to remain in the domain of traditional EO-IR intensity imagery that is more familiar for both humans and trained networks. In this work we explore several strategies for effectively fusing polarimetric information into s0 imagery to improve target shape and contrast for both human and algorithmic consumption, with a particular focus on remote sensing and target detection applications. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Image fusion

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Towards Green AI by Reducing Training Effort of Recurrent Neural Networks Using Hyper-Parameter Optimization with Dynamic Stopping Criteria 22

Towards Green AI by Reducing Training Effort of Recurrent Ne...

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22nd IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent systems and Informatics, SISY 2024

作者： Podgorelec, Vili Fister, Iztok Vrbancic, Grega University of Maribor Intelligent Systems Laboratory Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Slovenia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385601

Neural networks have become a leading model in modern machine learning, able to model even the most complex data. For them to be properly trained, however, a lot of computational resources are required. With the carbon footprint of ever-growing adoption of neural networks in mind, an approach to reduce the required training resources would be very welcome. We designed a new training effort reduction method based on the calculation of area under the normalized loss curve and assessed it on the electricity consumption forecasting problem with the recurrent neural networks. The results show that the proposed method was able to considerably reduce the amount of computational resources, while maintaining the predictive performance, and thus contributing towards the Green AI. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Green AI hyper-parameter optimization machine learning neural networks resource optimization

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A Robust Phaseless Imaging Approach Using Reverse Kullback Leibler Divergence and Wirtinger Flow

A Robust Phaseless Imaging Approach Using Reverse Kullback L...

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2024 IEEE Conference on Computational Imaging Using Synthetic Apertures, CISA 2024

作者： Choudhury, Nazia Afroz Yonel, Bariscan Yazici, Birsen Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering TroyNY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350308648

Phaseless imaging is a prominent field of study in many imaging modalities. In practical applications, the phaseless measurements usually contain noise and outliers, limiting the reconstruction algorithms' performance. In this paper, we study the reverse Kullback-Leibler divergence (RKLD) as a robust objective function for mitigating the effects of corrupted measurements. We optimize RKLD using the state-of-the-art Wirtinger Flow (WF) algorithm for image reconstruction. Then, we numerically demonstrate the performance of RKLD using simulated coded diffraction measurements and a real optical dataset. Additionally, we compare RKLD's performance with other well-known loss functions used by the WF framework, namely, £2-intensity, Poisson, and £2-magnitude. Our simulation results demonstrate that RKLD-based optimization provides higher quality reconstructed images than the other loss functions in the presence of noise and outliers. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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STABILITY AND INTERACTION ANALYSIS OF GRID-FORMING TYPE IV WIND TURBINES 23

STABILITY AND INTERACTION ANALYSIS OF GRID-FORMING TYPE IV W...

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23rd Wind and Solar Integration Workshop, WIW 2024

作者： Udawatte, Harith E. Ravanji, Mohammad H. Bahrani, Behrooz Department of Electrical & Computer Systems Engineering Monash University Melbourne Australia Department of Electrical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9781837242689

The global shift to renewable energy, especially wind power, is critical for achieving carbon-neutral power systems but poses challenges to grid stability due to reduced system inertia from inverter-based resources. Grid-forming (GFM) control modes are emerging as key solutions to these stability issues. Given the vast potential of wind energy, ensuring that wind turbine generators (WTGs) comply with GFM control standards is essential. This paper explores GFM capabilities in Type IV WTGs, focusing on the interactions between grid-side and machine-side control dynamics. A simplified small-signal model is developed to efficiently analyse the direct coupling between active power and DC-link control, highlighting how GFM parameters like droop and inertia, along with the DC controller bandwidth, affect system stability. Time-domain simulations validate the proposed tuning guidelines and reveal distinct WTG response characteristics at different wind speeds during grid contingencies. These insights lay the groundwork for robust GFM control designs, essential for a stable integration of wind turbines into high-renewable power systems. © Energynautics GmbH.

关键词： Windmill

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RUL Estimation for Power Electronic Devices Using RNNs

RUL Estimation for Power Electronic Devices Using RNNs

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2024 Prognostics and System Health Management Conference, PHM 2024

作者： Cai, Congrui Lu, Zhonghai School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Embedded Systems Master Program Sweden School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Electrical Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360585

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are commonly used in data-driven approaches to estimate the Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL) of power electronic devices. RNNs are preferred because their intrinsic feedback mechanisms are better suited to model time-series data. However, the impact of RNN complexity on estimation accuracy is rarely discussed in the literature. This issue is important because choosing a lower-complexity model that delivers the same or similar performance as a higher-complexity model can increase implementation efficiency. In the paper, we use three RNN models, namely, the vanilla version, LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) and GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) to conduct RUL estimation for power electronic devices. We use two accelerated aging datasets, one dataset targeting the package failure of MOSFETs, and the other dataset targeting package failure of power diodes. Our study shows that a lower-complexity RNN does not necessarily deliver a lower performance. Similarly, a higher-complexity model does not assure a higher performance. As such, our work highlights the importance of selecting a proper neural network for RUL estimation not biased towards complex models. This is especially useful and important for implementing such RUL estimation techniques in embedded resource-constrained and speed-limited computins platforms. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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Intelligent Dynamic Inversion Controller Design for Ball and Beam System

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2341-2355页

作者： Ibrahim M.Mehedi Abdulah Jeza Aljohani Md Mottahir Alam Mohamed Mahmoud Mohammed J.Abdulaal Muhammad Bilal Waleed Alasmary Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering(ECE) King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Center of Excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems(CEIES) King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Electrical and Computer Engineering Electrical and Computer EngineeringTN38505United States Computer and Information Systems Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia

The Ball and beam system(BBS)is an attractive laboratory experimental tool because of its inherent nonlinear and open-loop unstable *** an effective ball and beam system controller is a real challenge for researchers and *** this paper,the control design technique is investigated by using Intelligent Dynamic Inversion(IDI)method for this nonlinear and unstable *** proposed control law is an enhanced version of conventional Dynamic Inversion control incorporating an intelligent control element in *** Moore-PenroseGeneralized Inverse(MPGI)is used to invert the prescribed constraint dynamics to realize the baseline control law.A sliding mode-based intelligent control element is further augmented with the baseline control to enhance the robustness against uncertainties,nonlinearities,and external *** semi-global asymptotic stability of IDI control is guaranteed in the sense of *** simulations and laboratory experiments are carried out on this ball and beam physical system to analyze the effectiveness of the *** addition to that,comparative analysis of RGDI control with classical Linear Quadratic Regulator and Fractional Order Controller are also presented on the experimental test bench.

关键词： Ball and beam system(BBS) unstable system internal model PD controllers IDI control robust control

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MIMO performance enhancement of MIMO arrays using PCS-based near-field optimization technique

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 170-185页

作者： Yipeng WANG Xiaoming CHEN Huiling PEI Wei E.I.SHA Yi HUANG Ahmed A.KISHK School of Information and Communications Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang University Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of Liverpool Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University

Extensive efforts have been made in designing large multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)arrays. Nevertheless, improvements in conventional antenna characteristics cannot ensure significant MIMO performance improvement in realistic multipath environments. Array decorrelation techniques have been proposed, achieving correlation reductions by either tilting the antenna beams or shifting the phase centers away from each other. Hence, these methods are mainly limited to MIMO terminals with small arrays. To avoid such problems, this work proposes a decorrelation optimization technique based on phase correcting surface(PCS)that can be applied to large MIMO arrays, enhancing their MIMO performances in a realistic(non-isotropic)multipath environment. First, by using a near-field channel model and an optimization algorithm, a near-field phase distribution improving the MIMO capacity is obtained. Then the PCS(consisting of square elements)is used to cover the array's aperture, achieving the desired near-field phase *** examples demonstrate the effectiveness of this PCS-based near-field optimization technique. One is a1 × 4 dual-polarized patch array(working at 2.4 GHz)covered by a 2 × 4 PCS with 0.6λ center-to-center distance. The other is a 2 × 8 dual-polarized dipole array, for which a 4 × 8 PCS with 0.4λ center-to-center distance is designed. Their MIMO capacities can be effectively enhanced by 8% and 10% in single-cell and multi-cell scenarios, respectively. The PCS has insignificant effects on mutual coupling, matching, and the average radiation efficiency of the patch array, and increases the antenna gain by about 2.5 dB while keeping broadside radiations to ensure good cellular coverage, which benefits the MIMO performance of the *** proposed technique offers a new perspective for improving large MIMO arrays in realistic multipath in a statistical sense.

关键词： antenna correlation array antenna multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capacity

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Semi‑supervised contour‑driven broad learning system for autonomous segmentation of concealed prohibited baggage items

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2024年第1期7卷 1-18页

作者： Divya Velayudhan Abdelfatah Ahmed Taimur Hassan Muhammad Owais Neha Gour Mohammed Bennamoun Ernesto Damiani Naoufel Werghi Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Center for Cyber‑Physical SystemsKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi 127788United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical EngineeringAbu Dhabi UniversityAbu Dhabi 59911United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering the University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

With the exponential rise in global air traffic,ensuring swift passenger processing while countering potential security threats has become a paramount concern for aviation *** X-ray baggage monitoring is now standard,manual screening has several limitations,including the propensity for errors,and raises concerns about passenger *** address these drawbacks,researchers have leveraged recent advances in deep learning to design threatsegmentation ***,these models require extensive training data and labour-intensive dense pixelwise annotations and are finetuned separately for each dataset to account for inter-dataset ***,this study proposes a semi-supervised contour-driven broad learning system(BLS)for X-ray baggage security threat instance segmentation referred to as *** research methodology involved enhancing representation learning and achieving faster training capability to tackle severe occlusion and class imbalance using a single training routine with limited baggage *** proposed framework was trained with minimal supervision using resource-efficient image-level labels to localize illegal items in multi-vendor baggage *** specifically,the framework generated candidate region segments from the input X-ray scans based on local intensity transition cues,effectively identifying concealed prohibited items without entire baggage *** multi-convolutional BLS exploits the rich complementary features extracted from these region segments to predict object categories,including threat and benign *** contours corresponding to the region segments predicted as threats were then utilized to yield the segmentation *** proposed C-BLX system was thoroughly evaluated on three highly imbalanced public datasets and surpassed other competitive approaches in baggage-threat segmentation,yielding 90.04%,78.92%,and 59.44%in terms of mIoU on GDXray,SIXray,and Compass-XP,***,the lim

关键词： Baggage X-ray imagery Broad learning systems Threat detection Threat segmentation

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