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2023 Workshop on Advances in Computational Intelligence, ACI 2023

作者： Agegne, Abebaw Salau, Ayodeji Olalekan Belay, Ayalew Singh, Anupam Asnake, Nigus Wereta Braide, Sepiribo Lucky Department of Computer Science Debark University Debark Ethiopia Department of Electrical/Electronics and Computer Engineering Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti Nigeria Department of Computer Science AAU University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun India Department of Information Technology Debark University Debark Ethiopia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Rivers State University Port Harcourt Nigeria

Obesity is a major public health issue that affects both industrialized and developing countries. Obesity is a varied and complex issue that necessitates diagnosis and treatment. Various research projects have attempted to create and develop a knowledge-based system (KBS). Physicians’ workload and medical errors could be reduced by using a KBS. The goal of this study was to create a KBS that can guide clinicians and patients through the diagnosis and treatment of obesity. A case-based reasoning approach is applied in this study. Case-based reasoning is a general artificial intelligence paradigm that has been studied in the context of improving human decision-making and has gotten a lot of interest in the development of KBSs. To acquire data, a purposive sampling technique is employed. The explicit knowledge is collected from the literature. To develop the prototype, JCOLIBRI software is used. In the development of the knowledge base system, 243 obesity cases were used. During evaluation, six experts were involved. User acceptance testing, case retrieval in terms of precision and recall, and case similarity testing are all used to assess the system’s performance. The user acceptance testing conducted showed that 90% of the evaluators found the system to be easy to use, efficient with respect to time and speed of the system. With precision and recall, the performance of the system is 71% and 80% respectively. The study found that there is a shortage of physicians and medical experts who can diagnose and treat obesity. That means that a single physician or medical doctor will not be able to treat a large number of people in a short amount of time. The proposed system in this study could help to alleviate the shortage of experts who can diagnose and treat obese people. The system helps to decrease the amount of work that physicians have to do by allowing them to delegate the same patient cases to other experts. © 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Case based reasoning

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Ultimately Bounded Output Feedback Control for Networked Nonlinear Systems With Unreliable Communication Channel: A Buffer-Aided Strategy

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第7期11卷 1566-1578页

作者： Yuhan Zhang Zidong Wang Lei Zou Yun Chen Guoping Lu the College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China IEEE the Department of Computer Science Brunel UniversityUB83PHUnited Kingdom the College of Information Science and Technology Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620 the Engineering Research Center of Digitalized Textile and Fashion Technology Ministry of EducationShanghai 201620China the School of Automation Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China the School of Electrical Engineering Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

This paper concerns ultimately bounded output-feedback control problems for networked systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics. Sensor-to-observer signal transmission is facilitated over networks that has communication *** transmissions are carried out over an unreliable communication channel. In order to enhance the utilization rate of measurement data, a buffer-aided strategy is novelly employed to store historical measurements when communication networks are inaccessible. Using the neural network technique, a novel observer-based controller is introduced to address effects of signal transmission behaviors and unknown nonlinear *** the application of stochastic analysis and Lyapunov stability, a joint framework is constructed for analyzing resultant system performance under the introduced controller. Subsequently, existence conditions for the desired output-feedback controller are delineated. The required parameters for the observerbased controller are then determined by resolving some specific matrix inequalities. Finally, a simulation example is showcased to confirm method efficacy.

关键词： Buffer-aided strategy neural networks nonlinear control output-feedback control unreliable communication channel

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KIVI: A Tuning-Free Asymmetric 2bit Quantization for KV Cache 41

KIVI: A Tuning-Free Asymmetric 2bit Quantization for KV Cach...

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Liu, Zirui Yuan, Jiayi Jin, Hongye Zhong, Shaochen Xu, Zhaozhuo Braverman, Vladimir Chen, Beidi Hu, Xia Department of Computer Science Rice University United States Department of Computer Science Texas A&M University United States Department of Computer Science Stevens Institute of Technology United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University United States

Efficiently serving large language models (LLMs) requires batching many requests together to reduce the cost per request. Yet, the key-value (KV) cache, which stores attention keys and values to avoid re-computations, significantly increases memory demands and becomes the new bottleneck in speed and memory usage. This memory demand increases with larger batch sizes and longer context lengths. Additionally, the inference speed is limited by the size of KV cache, as the GPU's SRAM must load the entire KV cache from the main GPU memory for each token generated, causing the computational core to be idle during this process. A straightforward and effective solution to reduce KV cache size is quantization, which decreases the total bytes taken by KV cache. However, there is a lack of in-depth studies that explore the element distribution of KV cache to understand the hardness and limitation of KV cache quantization. To fill the gap, we conducted a comprehensive study on the element distribution in KV cache of popular LLMs. Our findings indicate that the key cache should be quantized per-channel, i.e., group elements along the channel dimension and quantize them together. In contrast, the value cache should be quantized per-token. From this analysis, we developed a tuning-free 2bit KV cache quantization algorithm, named KIVI. With the hardware-friendly implementation, KIVI can enable Llama (Llama-2), Falcon, and Mistral models to maintain almost the same quality while using 2.6× less peak memory usage (including the model weight). This reduction in memory usage enables up to 4× larger batch size, bringing 2.35× ∼ 3.47× throughput on real LLM inference workload. The source code is available at https://***/jy-yuan/KIVI. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Cache memory

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ASMR: ACTIVATION-SHARING MULTI-RESOLUTION COORDINATE NETWORKS FOR EFFICIENT INFERENCE 12

ASMR: ACTIVATION-SHARING MULTI-RESOLUTION COORDINATE NETWORK...

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12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024

作者： Li, Jason Chun Lok Luo, Steven Tin Sui Xu, Le Wong, Ngai Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Canada

Coordinate network or implicit neural representation (INR) is a fast-emerging method for encoding natural signals (such as images and videos) with the benefits of a compact neural representation. While numerous methods have been proposed to increase the encoding capabilities of an INR, an often overlooked aspect is the inference efficiency, usually measured in multiply-accumulate (MAC) count. This is particularly critical in use cases where inference throughput is greatly limited by hardware constraints. To this end, we propose the Activation-Sharing Multi-Resolution (ASMR) coordinate network that combines multi-resolution coordinate decomposition with hierarchical modulations. Specifically, an ASMR model enables the sharing of activations across grids of the data. This largely decouples its inference cost from its depth which is directly correlated to its reconstruction capability, and renders a near O(1) inference complexity irrespective of the number of layers. Experiments show that ASMR can reduce the MAC of a vanilla SIREN model by up to 500× while achieving an even higher reconstruction quality than its SIREN baseline. © 2024 12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chemical activation

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Smart Contract: Tools and Challenges 1

Smart Contract: Tools and Challenges

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1st International Conference on Cognitive, Green and Ubiquitous Computing, IC-CGU 2024

作者： Mishra, Debani Prasad Senapati, Shruti Dey, Tamoghna Lenka, Rakesh Kumar IIIT Bhubaneswar Department of Electrical Engineering Bhubaneshwar India IIIT Bhubaneswar Electrical & Electronics Engineering Bhubaneshwar India Central University of Odisha Department of Computer Science Koraput India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361780

Blockchain is one of the biggest breakthroughs of the 21st century;it has the power to revolutionize how the financial world works by shifting the power from the hands of a central authority to the commoners. Not only financial sectors blockchain has the power to impact the supply chain, voting, medical treatments, education, and other industries as well. It is a currently developing technology in the world of information technology. Blockchain is a distributed database system run by several nodes that are decentralized, traceable, tamper proof, and trustworthy. In this paper, we review different types of vulnerabilities and potential threats to smart contracts and discuss the tools and methods to avoid the same. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Smart contract

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Analysis on unit maximum capacity of orthogonal multiple watermarking for multimedia signals in B5G wireless communications

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 38-44页

作者： Mianjie Li Senfeng Lai Jiao Wang Zhihong Tian Nadra Guizani Xiaojiang Du Chun Shan School of Electronics and Information Guangdong Polytechnic Normal UniversityGuangzhou510665China Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou510006China Schoolof Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State UniversityPullmanWA99164USA Department of Computer and Information Science Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA19122USA

Beyond-5G(B5G)aims to meet the growing demands of mobile traffic and expand the communication *** that intelligent applications to B5G wireless communications will involve security issues regarding user data and operational data,this paper analyzes the maximum capacity of the multi-watermarking method for multimedia signal hiding as a means of alleviating the information security problem of *** multiwatermarking process employs spread transform dither *** the watermarking procedure,Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization is used to obtain the multiple spreading ***,multiple watermarks can be simultaneously embedded into the same position of a multimedia ***,the multiple watermarks can be extracted without affecting one another during the extraction *** analyze the effect of the size of the spreading vector on the unit maximum capacity,and consequently derive the theoretical relationship between the size of the spreading vector and the unit maximum capacity.A number of experiments are conducted to determine the optimal parameter values for maximum robustness on the premise of high capacity and good imperceptibility.

关键词： B5G Multimedia information security Spread transform dither modulation Spreading vector measurement Unit maximum capacity

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IoT-Based Intelligent Energy Management for EV Charging Stations

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer science 2024年第11期51卷 1853-1861页

作者： Dasi, Swathi Bondalapati, Swarupa Rani Subbaraju, Mummidi P. Nimma, Divya Jangir, Pradeep Reddy, R. Vijaya Kumar Zareena, N. Electronics and Communication Engineering Department Prasad V. Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada India Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada India Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Aditya University Andhra Pradesh Surampalem India University of Southern Mississippi United States Biosciences Department Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India associated with Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan. Computer Science and Engineering Department Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Andhra Pradesh Vaddeswaram India Computer Science and Engineering Department R.V.R. & J. C. College of Engineering Guntur India

The electronics panels and controllers used in electric vehicle (EV) charging stations need to function securely and optimally in countries such as India, where the external temperature remains high for a significant part of the year. This study is the first to use a solar-battery storage integrated switchable glazing architecture to supply HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) in the control rooms of electric vehicle charging stations throughout the day. The EV charging station has been equipped with a rooftop-mounted solar PV source as part of an initiative to promote renewable energy and sustainable forms of mobility. The utilization of a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) by the system ensures energy security through the provision of a durable solution for storing energy over an extended period of time. A smart scheduling system utilizing IoT technology was demonstrated to effectively meet the glazing load need of buildings in real-time, taking into account dynamic climatic conditions. This system incorporates solar PV, VRFB storage, and the neighborhood power grid. The efficiency of the suggested method was validated using four separate transitory scenarios: sunny, intermittently cloudy, prolongedly cloudy, and low solar radiation with frequent grid outages. Due to its versatility to be applied in various situations, the suggested method has the potential to greatly enhance capacity. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Air conditioning

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Paired-Spacing-Constrained Package Routing with Net Ordering Optimization 25

Paired-Spacing-Constrained Package Routing with Net Ordering...

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30th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference, ASP-DAC 2025

作者： Ciou, Yi-Sian Jiang, Ying-Jie Liu, Yi-Yu Fang, Shao-Yun Liu, Wen-Hao Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Nvidia Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706356

Package design has become increasingly complex with the evolution of technology nodes and heterogeneous integration. To optimize timing performance and signal integrity, it is essential to separate different pairs of geometrically adjacent nets with distinct spacing values, which is referred to as the paired-spacing constraint. This paper presents the first free-assignment package routing algorithm flow considering the paired-spacing constraint. To minimize the routing resource demand and overall wirelength, we propose a dynamic programming-based net ordering method to maximize the number of nets with the same/similar spacing rules positioned next to each other. In addition, the free-assignment routing problem is elegantly solved with a minimum-cost maximum-flow problem on a delicately designed graph model. Experimental results show that the proposed flow can achieve 100% routability for the adopted industrial-modified benchmarks. In contrast, even with modifications to superficially consider paired spacings, a classic model experiences significant routability degradation. © 2025 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Dynamic programming

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"Image, Tell me your story!" Predicting the original meta-context of visual misinformation

"Image, Tell me your story!" Predicting the original meta-co...

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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Tonglet, Jonathan Moens, Marie-Francine Gurevych, Iryna TU Darmstadt Germany Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Belgium Department of Computer Science KU Leuven Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761643

To assist human fact-checkers, researchers have developed automated approaches for visual misinformation detection. These methods assign veracity scores by identifying inconsistencies between the image and its caption, or by detecting forgeries in the image. However, they neglect a crucial point of the human fact-checking process: identifying the original meta-context of the image. By explaining what is actually true about the image, fact-checkers can better detect misinformation, focus their efforts on check-worthy visual content, engage in counter-messaging before misinformation spreads widely, and make their explanation more convincing. Here, we fill this gap by introducing the task of automated image contextualization. We create 5Pils, a dataset of 1,676 fact-checked images with question-answer pairs about their original meta-context. Annotations are based on the 5 Pillars fact-checking framework. We implement a first baseline that grounds the image in its original meta-context using the content of the image and textual evidence retrieved from the open web. Our experiments show promising results while highlighting several open challenges in retrieval and reasoning. We make our code and data publicly available. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Open Radio Access Network RIC Empowered Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface: A Physical-Layer Security Perspective

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 2024年 2卷 615-625页

作者： Lien, Shao-Yu Tseng, Chih-Cheng Hung, Wei-Cheng Tsai, Cheng-You Liu, Ting-Yu Deng, Der-Jiunn Lin, Yuan-Chun Lin, Shih-Cheng Chang, Chia-Chan Chang, Sheng-Fuh Institute of Intelligent Systems National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Tainan711010 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Ilan University Ilan260007 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chiayi621301 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Changhua University of Education Changhua50074 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chiayi621301 Taiwan

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) steering reflective beam directions toward a target mobile user equipment (UE) has been a promising technology for coverage enhancement and physical-layer (PHY) security to avoid signal eavesdroppers and jammers. However, tracking and predicting the moving trajectory of UE demand significant computing burdens unaffordable to the RIS. Performing beam steering computations on the radio access network (RAN) intelligent controller in the open RAN (O-RAN) architecture therefore emerges as a revolutionary paradigm. In this paper, we propose a PHY-secured beam steering design based on a pre-processing-based Kalman filter algorithm. Through a pre-processing phase to derive the radiation feature, the proposed design accurately tracks the position of the mobile UE and quickly recovers the position search while position tracking fails. Through practical field-try experiments, we justify the capability of O-RAN RIC-empowered RIS for PHY security. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Radio access networks

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