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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Mishra, Aakansha Anand, Ashish Guha, Prithwijit Department of Computer Science and Engineering IIT Guwahati Guwahati India Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Guwahati Guwahati India

ISBN: (纸本)9783031784941

Recent advancements in Visual Question Answering (VQA) have been driven by the integration of complex attention mechanisms. This work introduces a novel approach aimed at enhancing multi-modal representations through dense interactions between visual and textual inputs in an alternating fashion. The proposed model features an attention framework that incorporates both self-attention and co-attention mechanisms, strategically applied to image and text modalities. Self-attention modules capture contextual dependencies among objects in images and words in questions, crucial for accurate inference of answers. Meanwhile, co-attention mechanisms facilitate effective cross-modal interactions between images and text. To extract fine-grained information from both modalities, we introduce a Cascade of Self- and Co-Attention blocks (CSCA). This architecture is evaluated extensively on prominent benchmarks including VQA2.0, TDIUC, and GQA datasets. Experimental results, including comprehensive ablation studies, highlight the effectiveness of the model’s key components and the cascading nature of attention mechanisms in enhancing performance across diverse VQA tasks. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Question answering

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ELCD-NSC2: a novel early lung cancer detection and non-small cell classification framework

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第24期36卷 15149-15164页

作者： Helaly, Hadeer A. Badawy, Mahmoud El-Gendy, Eman M. Haikal, Amira Y. Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Damietta University Damietta Egypt Computers and Control Systems Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Department of Computer Science and Informatics Taibah University Medina Saudi Arabia

The survival rate of lung cancer relies significantly on how far the disease has spread when it is detected, how it reacts to the treatment, the patient’s overall health, and other factors. Therefore, the earlier the lung cancer diagnosis, the higher the survival rate. For radiologists, recognizing malignant lung nodules from computed tomography (CT) scans is a challenging and time-consuming process. As a result, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been suggested to alleviate these burdens. Deep-learning approaches have demonstrated remarkable results in recent years, surpassing traditional methods in different fields. Researchers are currently experimenting with several deep-learning strategies to increase the effectiveness of CAD systems in lung cancer detection with CT. This work proposes a deep-learning framework for detecting and diagnosing lung cancer. The proposed framework used recent deep-learning techniques in all its layers. The autoencoder technique structure is tuned and used in the preprocessing stage to denoise and reconstruct the medical lung cancer dataset. Besides, it depends on the transfer learning pre-trained models to make multi-classification among different lung cancer cases such as benign, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The proposed model provides high performance while recognizing and differentiating between two types of datasets, including biopsy and CT scans. The Cancer Imaging Archive and Kaggle datasets are utilized to train and test the proposed model. The empirical results show that the proposed framework performs well according to various performance metrics. According to accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC metrics, it achieves 99.60, 99.61, 99.62, 99.70, and 99.75%, respectively. Also, it depicts 0.0028, 0.0026, and 0.0507 in mean absolute error, mean squared error, and root mean square error metrics. Furthermore, it helps physicians effectively diagnose lung cancer in its early stages and allows spe

关键词： Image classification

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Multi-Objective Optimization of Triple Active Bridge DC-DC Converters

Multi-Objective Optimization of Triple Active Bridge DC-DC C...

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2024 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific, ITEC Asia-Pacific 2024

作者： Luckett, Benjamin He, JiangBiao University Of Kentucky Department Of Electrical And Computer Engineering LexingtonKY United States University Of Tennessee Department Of Electrical Engineering And Computer Science KnoxvilleTN United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529277

The triple active bridge (TAB) is a promising 3-port DC-DC converter technology which performs bi-directional power transfer with galvanic isolation. Due to intensive interactions between parameter selection and a TAB converter's performance in efficiency, specific power, reliability, and cost, many design considerations need to be simultaneously weighed to achieve an optimal converter. In this paper, a genetic algorithm based design optimization framework is developed to enhance the performance of a TAB converter with respect to multiple design objectives. Switching devices, thermal management systems, passive components, and the design of a planar multi-winding transformer are accounted for to ensure multidisciplinary performance benefits. Initial optimization results when aiming to attain the highest specific power and efficiency are presented, and the related design trade-offs are discussed. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Transformer windings

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Exploring Genetic programming in Image Processing: Challenges and Enhanced Techniques 19

Exploring Genetic Programming in Image Processing: Challenge...

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19th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication, IMCOM 2025

作者： Chang, Feng-Cheng Huang, Hsiang-Cheh Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Tamkang University Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Kaohsiung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507817

In recent years, the advancement of AI has been primarily driven by neural networks, which, despite their success, pose challenges in terms of explainability and high-power consumption. Genetic programming (GP) offers an interpretable alternative, although its complexity has limited its practical application. This paper explores the potential of GP through experiments on a simple image filtering task, aiming to understand its properties and limitations. We also investigate the integration of transformer concepts into the GP process. Preliminary results suggest that while GP faces convergence challenges, the introduction of symbolic transformers may enhance its effectiveness in image processing tasks. These findings open up new possibilities for optimizing GP in future applications. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Genetic programming

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FSIW Cavity-Based Self-Packaging Filtering Slot Antennas with Wide-Stopband and High Frequency Selectivity

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IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 2025年第6期73卷 3503-3516页

作者： Zhou, Xin Zhang, Gang Tam, Kam-Weng Pang, Ziyu Zhang, Zhuowei Lin, Huawei Hong, Jiasheng University of Macau Faculty of Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering China Nanjing Normal University School of Electrical and Automation Engineering Nanjing210046 China Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing School of Electrical and Automation Engineering Nanjing210046 China Heriot-Watt University School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering EdinburghEH14 4AS United Kingdom

This article proposes a novel design approach for miniaturized, highly selective, self-packaged, and wide-stopband filtering slot antennas based on C- and T-type folded substrate integrated waveguide (C-/T-FSIW) cavities. Firstly, two forms of FSIW cavity are explored and analyzed. A new coupled C-type half-mode FSIW (C-HMFSIW) cavities are developed. A filtering antenna is proposed, employing a C-HMFSIW cavity for feeding and a slot-loaded C-FSIW cavity for radiation. By introducing cross-coupling between different resonators, a radiation null (RN) is achieved. To further enhance bandwidth and frequency selectivity, a new antenna configuration is developed using a C-HMFSIW cavity for feeding and a slot-loaded T-FSIW cavity for radiation. After loading the radiation slot, the T-FSIW cavity serves as two parts: one as the main radiator and the other as a parasitic radiator opposite to it. This configuration increases antenna bandwidth and generates an additional RN. Interestingly, adjusting the position of the radiation slot allows the RN to switch between the upper and lower stopbands. The antennas proposed in this work exhibit good stopband performance and compact size. Three filtering antenna prototypes are designed, fabricated, and measured, showing consistent results between measurements and simulations. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Radiators

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The BRAM is the Limit: Shattering Myths, Shaping Standards, and Building Scalable PIM Accelerators 32

The BRAM is the Limit: Shattering Myths, Shaping Standards, ...

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32nd IEEE Annual International Symposium on Field-programmable Custom Computing Machines, FCCM 2024

作者： Kabir, Md Arafat Kamucheka, Tendayi Fredricks, Nathaniel Mandebi, Joel Bakos, Jason Huang, Miaoqing Andrews, David University of Arkansas Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science United States University of South Carolina Department of Computer Science and Engineering United States United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372434

Many recent FPGA-based Processor-in-Memory (PIM) architectures have appeared with promises of impressive levels of parallelism but with performance that falls short of expectations due to reduced maximum clock frequencies, an inability to scale processing elements up to the maximum BRAM capacity, and minimal hardware support for large reduction operations. In this paper, we propose a 'Standard' set of design objectives for PIM array-based FPGA designs. We then propose a PIM array-based GEMV accelerator architecture as a case study to show the proposed Standard can be realized in practice. The GEMV accelerator serves as existence proof that dispels several myths surrounding what is normally accepted as clocking and scaling FPGA performance limitations. Specifically, the proposed accelerator clocks at the maximum frequency of the BRAM and scales to 100% of the available BRAMs. Comparative analyses show execution speeds over existing PIM-based GEMV engines on FPGAs and achieving a 2.65×-3.2× faster clock. An AMD Alveo U55 implementation achieves a system clock speed of 737 MHz, providing 64K bit serial multiply-accumulate (MAC) units for GEMV operation. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Memory architecture

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Fair Probabilistic Multi-Armed Bandit With Applications to Network Optimization

IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and ...

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IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking 2024年 2卷 994-1016页

作者： Guo, Zhiwu Zhang, Chicheng Li, Ming Krunz, Marwan The University of Arizona Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering TucsonAZ87521 United States The University of Arizona Department of Computer Science TucsonAZ85721 United States

Online learning, particularly Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) algorithms, has been extensively adopted in various real-world networking applications. In certain applications, such as fair heterogeneous networks coexistence, multiple links (individual arms) are selected in each round, and the throughputs (rewards) of these arms depend on the chosen set of links. Additionally, ensuring fairness among individual arms is a critical objective. However, existing MAB algorithms are unsuitable for these applications due to different models and assumptions. In this paper, we introduce a new fair probabilistic MAB (FP-MAB) problem aimed at either maximizing the minimum reward for all arms or maximizing the total reward while imposing a fairness constraint that guarantees a minimum selection fraction for each arm. In FP-MAB, the learning agent probabilistically selects a meta-arm, which is associated with one or multiple individual arms in each decision round. To address the FP-MAB problem, we propose two algorithms: Fair Probabilistic Explore-Then-Commit (FP-ETC) and Fair Probabilistic Optimism In the Face of Uncertainty (FP-OFU). We also introduce a novel concept of regret in the context of the max-min fairness objective. We analyze the performance of FP-ETC and FP-OFU in terms of the upper bound of average regret and average constraint violation. Simulation results demonstrate that FP-ETC and FP-OFU achieve lower regrets (or higher objective values) under the same fairness requirements compared to existing MAB algorithms. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks

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CPS-DERMS: Cyber-Physical Security and Impact Analysis of DERMS Against MITM Attacks

CPS-DERMS: Cyber-Physical Security and Impact Analysis of DE...

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2025 IEEE Green Technologies Conference, GreenTech 2025

作者： Vallam Kondu, Sai Chandana Ravikumar, Gelli Mohan, Sathya Narayana Computer Science Iowa State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering AmesIA50010 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520182

The growing integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) into modern power grids, managed via DER Management Systems (DERMS), has introduced significant cybersecurity challenges. Communication vulnerabilities in DERMS architecture create opportunities for adversarial attacks, such as Man-in-the-Middle (MITM), that intercept and manipulate critical data flows, disrupting grid operations and compromising reliability. This paper investigates MITM attacks targeting three critical nodes in DER-DERMS communication: (i) DER gateway routers, (ii) inter-router pathways, and (iii) DERMS gateway routers. To analyze these vulnerabilities, we developed CPS-DERMS, a multi-co-simulation hardware-in-the-loop testbed integrating grid-side simulations with OPAL-RT, large-scale cyber simulations using NS-3, and an indige-nous Python-based DERMS platform. The study demonstrates innovative strategies for executing MITM attacks, including maintaining payload integrity and bypassing detection mechanisms, while highlighting the critical vulnerabilities within DER-DERMS communication systems. We considered a real utility's DER-integrated distribution grid as a case study. Experimental results reveal that MITM attacks can cause overvoltages, reactive power imbalances, and increased tap-changer operations, significantly degrading power quality and grid reliability. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Gateways (computer networks)

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Broadband spin and angle co‑multiplexed waveguide‑based metasurface for six‑channel crosstalk‑free holographic projection

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eLight 2024年第1期4卷 223-237页

作者： Zeyang Liu Hao Gao Taigao Ma Vishva Ray Niu Liu Xinliang Zhang L.Jay Guo Cheng Zhang School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Physics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Lurie Nanofabrication Facility Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Metasurface-based holograms,or metaholograms,offer unique advantages including enhanced imaging quality,expanded field of view,compact system size,and broad operational ***-channel metaholograms,capable of switching between multiple projected images based on the properties of illuminating light such as state of polarization and angle of incidence,have emerged as a promising solution for realizing switchable and dynamic holographic ***,existing designs typically grapple with challenges such as limited multiplexing channels and unwanted crosstalk,which severely constrain their practical ***,we present a new type of waveguidebased multi-channel metaholograms,which support six independent and fully crosstalk-free holographic display channels,simultaneously multiplexed by the spin and angle of guided incident light within the glass *** employ a k-space translation strategy that allows each of the six distinct target images to be selectively translated from evanescent-wave region to the center of propagation-wave region and projected into free space without crosstalk,when the metahologram is under illumination of a guided light with specific spin and azimuthal *** addition,by tailoring the encoded target images,we implement a three-channel polarization-independent metahologram and a two-channel full-color(RGB)***,the number of multiplexing channels can be further increased by expanding the k-space’s central-period region or combing the k-space translation strategy with other multiplexing techniques such as orbital angular momentum *** work provides a novel approach towards realization of high-performance and compact holographic optical elements with substantial information capacity,opening avenues for applications in AR/VR displays,image encryption,and information storage.

关键词： Metasurface Multi-channel metahologram Color metahologram Waveguide display

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Blockchain-Enhanced Security for LEO Satellite Firmware Updates in Beyond-5G NTN Networks 29

Blockchain-Enhanced Security for LEO Satellite Firmware Upda...

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29th IEEE International Workshop on computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks, CAMAD 2024

作者： Worku, Yonatan M. Tshakwanda, Petro M. Tsegaye, Henok B. Christodoulou, Christos Devetsikiotis, Michael Sacchi, Claudio University of New Mexico Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States University of Trento Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377644

The integration of terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) represents a significant advancement in communication technology in the framework of the ongoing beyond-5G standardization process. This integration offers broader coverage, especially in remote and underserved areas, and improved reliability through diversified network paths. Additionally, it paves the way for new services and applications that benefit from ubiquitous connectivity. To achieve enhanced Quality of Service (QoS) and Service Level Agreements (SLAs), the end-to-end network should be open and visible to service providers and users. However, such a clear-mode approach introduces various security threats, making the network susceptible to unauthorized access and service disruption. To address these challenges, a blockchain-based satellite firmware update strategy across terrestrial 5G core and access networks is proposed. This study explores the tradeoff between throughput and QoS in the 5G NTN network when blockchain is implemented. Our experimental setup involved a network of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites integrated with a 5G core, deploying a blockchain-based authentication mechanisms to secure satellite communications. The results show a tangible improvement in authentication efficiency, despite a throughput degradation of around 10 % and a latency increase of 17 % from the baseline values obtained without blockchain security. This tradeoff highlights the cost of enhanced security counter-measures in terms of network performance. Nonetheless, the security benefits, measured through successful authentication attempts, fully justify blockchain integration in scenarios where security is paramount. The proposed approach promises to secure communications in '5G and beyond' NTN hybrid environments by ensuring integrity and confidentiality to the traffic flows. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： 5G mobile communication systems

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