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Fault ride-through capability improvement in hydrogen energy-based distributed generators using STATCOM and deep-Q learning

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2024年 143卷 1000-1012页

作者： Shahzad, Sulman Alsenani, Theyab R. Alrumayh, Ahmed Nasser Almutairi, Abdulaziz Kilic, Heybet Department of Electrical Engineering Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur63100 Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering in Al-Kharj Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj11942 Saudi Arabia Technical and Vocational Training Corporation 12613 Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Majmaah University Almajmaah11952 Saudi Arabia Department of Electric Power and Energy Systems Dicle University Diyarbakır21280 Turkey

This study explores the enhancement of Fault Ride-Through (FRT) capabilities in hydrogen energy-based distributed generators (HEDGs) by integrating Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM) with a novel Deep Q-Learning (DQL) control technique. Hydrogen energy systems face challenges like voltage instability during grid disturbances, which conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers fail to address due to their linear operation constraints. Advanced controllers, such as Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference systems (ANFIS), offer better adaptability but lack real-time optimization capabilities. The proposed DQL framework leverages reinforcement learning, achieving superior results by dynamically optimizing reactive power compensation and minimizing system instability. Simulation results demonstrate that the DQL-based STATCOM achieves a 35% faster settling time and reduces overshoot by 50% compared to ANFIS and PI controllers. Additionally, the DQL system maintains voltage stability within ±5% during critical faults, improving energy efficiency by 8%. This innovative approach ensures cost-effective, sustainable integration of HEDGs into modern power grids, significantly advancing intelligent control strategies for renewable energy systems. © 2024 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Integrated preparation and manipulation of high‑dimensional flying structured photons

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eLight 2024年第1期4卷 185-192页

作者： Haoqi Zhao Yichi Zhang Zihe Gao Jieun Yim Shuang Wu Natalia MLitchinitser Li Ge Liang Feng Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Physics Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Engineering Science and Physics College of Staten IslandCUNYStaten IslandNY 10314USA The Graduate Center CUNYNew YorkNY 10016USA

The hope for a futuristic global quantum internet that provides robust and high-capacity quantum information transfer lies largely on qudits,the fundamental quantum information carriers prepared in high-dimensional superposition ***,preparing and manipulating N-dimensional flying qudits as well as subsequently establishing their entanglement are still challenging tasks,which require precise and simultaneous maneuver of 2(N-1)parameters across multiple degrees of ***,using an integrated approach,we explore the synergy from two degrees of freedom of light,spatial mode and polarization,to generate,encode,and manipulate flying structured photons and their formed qudits in a four-dimensional Hilbert space with high quantum fidelity,intrinsically enabling enhanced noise resilience and higher quantum data *** four eigen spin–orbit modes of our qudits possess identical spatial–temporal characteristics in terms of intensity distribution and group velocity,thereby preserving long-haul coherence within the entirety of the quantum data transmission *** leveraging the bi-photon entanglement,which is well preserved in the integrated manipulation process,we present versatile spin–orbit cluster states in an extensive dimensional Hilbert *** cluster states hold the promise for quantum error correction which can further bolster the channel robustness in long-range quantum communication.

关键词： cluster thereby preparing

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Techno-economic analysis of a hybrid renewable energy system integrated with productive activities in an underdeveloped rural region of eastern Indonesia

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Clean Energy 2023年第6期7卷 1247-1267页

作者： Alya Nurul Shafira Subhan Petrana Rahma Muthia Widodo Wahyu Purwanto Sustainable Energy Systems and Policy Research Cluster Universitas IndonesiaDepok16424Indonesia Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas IndonesiaDepok16424Indonesia Master Program in Energy Systems Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas IndonesiaDepok16424Indonesia

The Southwest Maluku region in eastern Indonesia is considered a frontier,outermost and underdeveloped *** inhabitants live on isolated islands,including the residents of Mahaleta Village,where only 9.4%of the community have limited access to *** study aimed to design an economically feasible hybrid renewable energy(RE)system based on solar and wind energy to integrate with the productive activities of the *** study developed conceptual schemes to meet the demand for electricity from the resi-dential,community,commercial and productive sectors of the *** analysis was performed using a techno-economic *** hybrid system was designed using the HOMER Pro optimization function,and cold-storage and dryer systems were designed to support related productive *** optimized design of the hybrid RE system comprised 271.62 kW of solar photovoltaics,80 kW of wind turbines and a 1-MWh lead-acid *** found that the hybrid RE system would only be economically feasible with a full-grant incentive and an electricity tariff of$0.0808/***,the productive activity schemes were all economically feasible,with a cold-storage cost of$0.035/kg and a drying cost of$0.082/*** the hybrid RE system with productive activities can improve the economic feasibility of the energy system and create more jobs as well as increase income for the local community.

关键词： underdeveloped region hybrid renewable energy system photovoltaics wind turbine Indonesia

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FAULT CURRENT CALCULATION METHOD FOR FID-BASED INTERCONNECTED DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS 20

FAULT CURRENT CALCULATION METHOD FOR FID-BASED INTERCONNECTE...

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20th International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission 2024, ACDC 2024

作者： He, Ningyi Guo, Peiqian Yuan, Zhichang Tian, Zhongbei Jia, Zixuan Jiang, Zhilin Xiang, Miaoyi Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Electronic Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781837242672

Flexible interconnection device led by voltage-sourced converters (FID-VSC) provides advantages such as power decoupling control and fast fault isolation for interconnected distribution networks, but it also brings about changes in fault characteristics generated by reverse power flow. In this paper, a FID-based fault current calculation method for interconnected distribution networks is presented. Considering the conditions of converter controllers and various types of faults (both non-severe and severe cases), this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the operational characteristics of FID in distribution network faults. Then a FID-based fault current calculation method for interconnected distribution networks is given, which identifies the FID-VSC capacity, connection points, power flow direction, fault location and fault type, thus providing an effective fault characterization method. Dynamic simulation and comparison with calculation results of fault currents of a twin-substation interconnected distribution network based on 10kV-5.5MW IGCT-based FID in PSCAD/EMTDC and Matlab verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. It provides an efficient and universally applicable method for analyzing the operation of protective devices and reconfiguring protection arrangements in FID-based multi-substation distribution networks. © The Institution of engineering & Technology 2024.

关键词： Power distribution faults

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Observer-based Implementation of Discrete Gabor Transform

Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer S...

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Periodica Polytechnica electrical engineering and Computer Science 2025年第1期69卷 79-88页

作者： Ország, Bence Sujbert, László Department of Artificial Intelligence and Systems Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Műegyetem rkp. 3. BudapestH-1111 Hungary

The most commonly used technique in time-frequency analysis is the short-time Fourier transform. It can be used to determine the spectral components as they change over time by computing the Fourier transform of a windowed segment of the signal. A fundamental constraint of this method is that the frequency resolution of the representation in the time-frequency domain will be linear by design. The frequency adaptive nonstationary discrete Gabor transform offers an alternative that does not have this limitation. A Luenberger observer is capable of the implementation of the short-time Fourier transform, and its numerical advantages are already established based on the work of Hostetter and Péceli. Here, we introduce the family of discrete Gabor transforms and its properties along with a constructive method to define such transforms. Furthermore, we show that they are realizable by Luenberger observers which are capable of the error-free reconstruction of the observed signal in finite steps. The dead-beat property is derived for the state variables as well which estimate the transform of the windowed signal. © 2025 Budapest University of Technology and Economics. All rights reserved.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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STABILITY AND INTERACTION ANALYSIS OF GRID-FORMING TYPE IV WIND TURBINES 23

STABILITY AND INTERACTION ANALYSIS OF GRID-FORMING TYPE IV W...

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23rd Wind and Solar Integration Workshop, WIW 2024

作者： Udawatte, Harith E. Ravanji, Mohammad H. Bahrani, Behrooz Department of Electrical & Computer Systems Engineering Monash University Melbourne Australia Department of Electrical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9781837242689

The global shift to renewable energy, especially wind power, is critical for achieving carbon-neutral power systems but poses challenges to grid stability due to reduced system inertia from inverter-based resources. Grid-forming (GFM) control modes are emerging as key solutions to these stability issues. Given the vast potential of wind energy, ensuring that wind turbine generators (WTGs) comply with GFM control standards is essential. This paper explores GFM capabilities in Type IV WTGs, focusing on the interactions between grid-side and machine-side control dynamics. A simplified small-signal model is developed to efficiently analyse the direct coupling between active power and DC-link control, highlighting how GFM parameters like droop and inertia, along with the DC controller bandwidth, affect system stability. Time-domain simulations validate the proposed tuning guidelines and reveal distinct WTG response characteristics at different wind speeds during grid contingencies. These insights lay the groundwork for robust GFM control designs, essential for a stable integration of wind turbines into high-renewable power systems. © Energynautics GmbH.

关键词： Windmill

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A Two-Timescale Operation Strategy for Battery Storage in Joint Frequency and Energy Markets

IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation 2024年第2期2卷 200-213页

作者： Ma, Qianli Wei, Wei Mei, Shengwei Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing100084 China

The growing penetration of renewable energy in modern power systems requires energy storage to take on more responsibilities in multiple regulation services. Battery energy storage system (BESS) possesses fast response capability and is suitable to shave peak demand and provide frequency support. This article studies coordinated bidding strategies of BESS in frequency regulation and energy markets. Challenge arises from the fact that frequency control and energy arbitrage actions are taken in different timescales, and the capacity used in either market affects the available capacity and revenue in the other one. This article proposes a two-timescale decision framework, offering the hourly base-power bid in the energy market and capacity bid in the frequency regulation market, as well as real-time responses to the automatic generation control (AGC) signal every few seconds. In the fine timescale, we employ a threshold policy to generate AGC response accounting for battery lifespan. In the coarse timescale, we establish a stochastic dynamic programming model and optimize the bidding policy without exact forecasts of market prices. To solve the stochastic dynamic programming model online, a simulation-based policy improvement method is developed to approximate the state-action value function using a heuristic base policy. The performance improvement property brought by simulation is theoretically proven. We carry out comprehensive case studies to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and analyze the economic impact of electricity prices and battery E/P ratio. Empirical tests show that with an E/P ratio of 3∼5, the BESS gains a higher net revenue across the lifespan. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Surface Functionalized Plasmonic Sensors for Uric Acid Detection With Gold-Graphene Stacked Nanocomposites

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Photonic Sensors 2025年第1期15卷 122-137页

作者： Olabisi Abdullahi ONIFADE Dinie Dayana MOHAMAD AZRI Muhammad Hafiz ABU BAKAR Mohammed Thamer ALRESHEEDI Eng Khoon NG Mohd Adzir MAHDI Ahmad Shukri MUHAMMAD NOOR Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400Malaysia Wireless and Photonics Research Centre of Excellence Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11421Kingdom of SaudiArabia Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FAThe United Kingdom Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology(ION2) Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400Malaysia

This study presented a surface-functionalized sensor probe using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)self-assembled monolayers on a Kretschmann-configured plasmonic *** probe featured stacked nanocomposites of gold(via sputtering)and graphene quantum dots(GQD,via spin-coating)for highly sensitive and accurate uric acid(UA)detection within the physiological *** encompassed the field emission scanning electron microscopy for detailed imaging,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for elemental analysis,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for molecular *** functionalization increased sensor sensitivity by 60.64%,achieving 0.0221°/(mg/dL)for the gold-GQD probe and 0.0355°/(mg/dL)for the gold-APTES-GQD probe,with linear correlation coefficients of 0.8249 and 0.8509,*** highest sensitivity was 0.0706°/(mg/dL),with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.993 and a low limit of detection of 0.2 mg/***,binding affinity increased dramatically,with the Langmuir constants of 14.29μM^(-1)for the gold-GQD probe and 0.0001μM^(-1)for the gold-APTES-GQD probe,representing a 142900-fold *** probe demonstrated notable reproducibility and repeatability with relative standard deviations of 0.166%and 0.013%,respectively,and exceptional temporal stability of 99.66%.These findings represented a transformative leap in plasmonic UA sensors,characterized by enhanced precision,reliability,sensitivity,and increased surface binding capacity,synergistically fostering unprecedented practicality.

关键词： Plasmon nanocomposite gold-graphene quantum dot uric acid,functionalize sensor

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Wavelet Transformation for Recognizing Various Defects in Diagnosis of Power Transformers

Wavelet Transformation for Recognizing Various Defects in Di...

引用

2024 International Russian Automation Conference, RusAutoCon 2024

作者： Kuznetsov, Andrey A. Volchanina, Maria A. Gorlov, Anton V. Department 'Theoretical electrical engineering' Omsk Russia Department 'Automation and control systems' Omsk Russia 'Theoretical electrical engineering' Omsk Russia

The article discusses the use of discrete wavelet transform in diagnosing power oil-filled transformers using automated acoustic monitoring tools. The article is based on the results of experiments using a simulator with an expanded set of defects. Comparison of acoustic signals on a power transformer with signals from a defect simulator made it possible to formulate a criterion for the presence of an insulation defect. An experimental test of the proposed criterion was carried out on signals of various powers and using electrodes of various shapes. The paper presents expressions that implement the criterion for recognizing the type and degree of development of an insulation defect in power transformers. Examples of processing acoustic signals using wavelet transformation in the MatLab program are given. For each type of signals considered, numerical values of the defect recognition criterion are given. At the end of the article, conclusions and prospects for further development of the proposed approach are formulated. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： MATLAB

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Performance Improvement of Adaptive N-Square PS-QAM Based on LUT for Flexible Coherent PON

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Journal of Lightwave Technology 2025年第12期43卷 5569-5578页

作者： Lin, Gengming Zhu, Yixiao Yan, Zijun Cheng, Ziyu Zhuge, Qunbi Hu, Weisheng Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai200240 China

Flexible coherent passive optical network (PON) is recognized as an advanced capacity optimization strategy for beyond 100G PON due to its flexibility and adaptability, which are pivotal for the evolution of high-capacity optical access networks. In this study, we propose an adaptive N-square QAM scheme compatible with probabilistic shaping (PS), enabling a more continuous variation of shaping entropy compared to standard 2M-QAM shaping scheme and improved frequency offset estimation (FOE) accuracy in blind 4th-power Fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) algorithm. In experimental demonstrations, dynamic-range and data-rate product (DRDRP) of uniform N2-QAM surpasses that of uniform 2M-QAM by 86 dB·Gbps. The DRDRP of PS N2-QAM also outperforms that of PS 2N-QAM by around 41 dB·Gbps. The development of PON optimization scheme for multi-carrier transmission is achieved through the generation of a look-up table (LUT) based on channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. The feasibility of the LUT is demonstrated under different super-Gaussian filter parameter settings at the back-to-back (B2B) scenario. After 20-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission, the normalized generalized mutual information (NGMI) is greater than 0.985 across four subcarriers with varying received optical power (ROP) from -16 to -11 dBm. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Single mode fibers

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