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arXiv 2022年

作者： Satapathy, Sitakanta Liu, Bin Deshmukh, Prathmesh Molinaro, Paul M. Dirnberger, Florian Khatoniar, Mandeep Koder, Ronald L. Menon, Vinod M. Department of Physics Center for Discovery and Innovation The City College of New York 85 St. Nicholas Terrace New YorkNY10031 United States The PhD Program in Physics The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 365 5th Ave New YorkNY10016 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) have recently emerged as a serious contender for realizing ultra-low threshold room temperature exciton-polariton condensation and lasing. Our contribution investigates the thermalization of FP microcavity exciton-polaritons upon optical pumping under ambient conditions. We realize polariton cooling using a new FP molecule, called mScarlet, coupled strongly to the optical modes in a Fabry-Pérot cavity. Interestingly, at the threshold excitation energy (fluence) of ~9 nJ/pulse (15.6 mJ/cm2), we observe an effective temperature, Teff ~350 ± 35 K close to the lattice temperature indicative of strongly thermalized exciton-polaritons at equilibrium. This efficient thermalization results from the interplay of radiative pumping facilitated by the energetics of the lower polariton branch and the cavity Qfactor. Direct evidence for dramatic switching from an equilibrium state into a metastable state is observed for the organic cavity polariton device at room temperature via deviation from the Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics at k1 = 0 above the threshold. Thermalized polariton gases in organic systems at equilibrium hold substantial promise for designing room temperature polaritonic circuits, switches, and lattices for analog simulation. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Polariton

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A performance and efficiency comparison of an AFE rectifier with Finite Control Set – Model Predictive Control and Feedback Quantizer

A performance and efficiency comparison of an AFE rectifier ...

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CHILEAN Conference on electrical, Electronics engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON)

作者： Jhon Henríquez Eduardo Espinosa Matías Veillon Hugo Garcés Pedro Melín Marcelo Reyes Carlos Baier Galina Mirzaeva Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción Concepción Chile Universidad del Bío-Bío Concepción Chile PhD Student Doctoral Program in Engineering at the MacroFacultad de Ingeniería UFRO-UBB-UTAL Chile Universidad de Talca Curicó Chile School of Electrical Engineering and Computing The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665408745

In this work, a comparative analysis of the performance and efficiency of the FCS-MPC and Modulation FBQ applied to an AFE active front rectifier is carried out. The above compares quality indicators of form in the input current of an AFE, THD, and WTHD rectifier. For efficiency, the conduction and commutation losses in the switches will be estimated to obtain a selection criterion between these two control methods, which will be based on the efficiency of the converter and the performance of the input current loop. The semiconductors losses are calculated by linear mathematical approximations, which depend on the operation point of the AFE rectifier and the switch parameters, which are obtained from the datasheet provided by the switch manufacturer, which for this work, IGBT IKW25T120 was selected. Finally, for the performance analysis, satisfactory simulation results were obtained.

关键词： Insulated gate bipolar transistors Simulation Conferences Rectifiers Modulation Control systems Performance analysis

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Dish-trend: Intervention modeling simulator that accounts for trend influences

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Andjelkovic, Stefan Miskov-Zivanov, Natasa Computational and Systems Biology Joint Carnegie Mellon University University of Pittsburgh Computational Biology PhD Program University of Pittsburgh 4420 Bayard St PittsburghPA15213 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Bioengineering Computational and Systems Biology University of Pittsburgh 4420 Bayard St PittsburghPA15213 United States

Simulation on directed graphs is an important method for understanding the dynamics in the systems where connectivity graphs contain cycles. Discrete Stochastic Heterogeneous Simulator (DiSH) is one of the simulation tools with wide application, which uses regulator values to calculate state updates of regulated elements. Here we present a new simulation approach DiSH-trend which also takes into account the trends in regulating elements. We demonstrate the features of trend-based regulation, as well as hybrid regulation, which is a combination of the trend- and level-based approaches. The modeling capabilities are demonstrated on a small toy model, showcasing different functionalities. Real-world capabilities are demonstrated on a larger network model of food insecurity in the Ethiopian region Oromia. Adding trend-based regulation to models results in increased modeling flexibility, and hybrid regulation improves qualitative dynamic behavior prediction. With appropriate data, DiSH-trend becomes a powerful tool for exploring intervention strategies. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Initial human study of an AWSM-PET Device for Augmented Whole-body PET Imaging

Initial human study of an AWSM-PET Device for Augmented Whol...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Y. Chen M. Hamdi S. Komarov A. Thomas R. A. Mintzer S. Cho D. Pocci J. Corbeil J. Breuer M. S. Judenhofer N. Wu L. Cai J. Frye F. Dehdashti J. A. O’Sullivan R. Laforest S. B. Siegel Y.-C. Tai Washington University in St.Louis Imaging Science PhD program St. Louis Missouri United States of America Washington University in St.Louis Radiology St. Louis Missouri United States of America Washington University in St.Louis Chemistry St. Louis Missouri United States of America Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc. Molecular Imaging Knoxville Tennessee United States of America Washington University in St.Louis Public Health Sciences St. Louis Missouri United States of America Washington University in St.Louis Electrical & Systems Engineering St. Louis Missouri United States of America

ISBN: (数字)9798350388152

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388169

The Augmented Whole-body Scanning via Magnifying PET (AWSM-PET) device is a novel technology designed to improve the detectability of lesions in whole-body PET/CT imaging. We have developed a prototype AWSM-PET device that consists of two panels of high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) PET detectors, integrated with the standard readout electronics and event processing architecture of the Biograph Vision (Siemens Healthineers). The system exhibits excellent spatial, energy and timing resolution, with an average coincidence resolving time of $\sim 217$ ps FWHM and an average energy resolution of $\sim 11 \%$ FWHM at 511 keV. Custom firmware and software have been developed to encode the large number of detector elements and to form coincidences between the AWSM-PET detectors and the Biograph Vision scanner. We have pioneered a specialized image reconstruction approach utilizing a GPU-based list-mode framework, which incorporates the system’s point-spread function (PSF) to optimize image quality and spatial resolution. Continuous-bed motion (CBM) whole-body imaging protocols have been implemented for the AWSM-PET operation to improve the uniformity of sensitivity across the patient’s body. Sensitivity enhancement was evaluated using a point source. The first human subject study was a head-andneck cancer patient scheduled for a standard-of-care (SOC) FDG PET/CT scan following treatment. Both the SOC-PET/CT images and the AWSM-PET images were acquired simultaneously for a total of 17 minutes using the CBM mode. Results show high-resolution and high-quality AWSM-PET images. We anticipate to image more patients in the summer, refine AWSM-PET image reconstruction parameters and correction techniques. Comparison between the AWSM-PET and the SOC-PET/CT will be presented at the 2024 IEEE MIC conference.

关键词： Microwave integrated circuits Sensitivity Biographies Energy resolution Whole-body PET Software Timing

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Autonomic Dysfunction in REM Sleep Disorder: The Role of Respiration in HRV Analysis*

Autonomic Dysfunction in REM Sleep Disorder: The Role of Res...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Parisa Sattar Nicla Mandas Giulia Baldazzi Elisa Facchini Elisa Casaglia Michela Figorilli Laura Giorgetti Pietro Mattioli Francesco Calizzano Francesco Fama Dario Arnaldi Monica Puligheddu Danilo Pani Pablo Laguna Raquel Bailon Department of Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience PhD Program University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering MeDSP Lab University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy The Hadron Academy Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori IUSS Pavia Italy Interdepartmental Sleep Disorder Research Center University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy SC Neurology AziendaOspedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari Italy Department of Neuroscience Rehabilitation Ophthalmology Genetics Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) Clinical Neurology University of Genoa Genoa Italy Neurophysiopathology Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa Italy Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation (BSICoS) Aragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A) IIS Aragón University of Zaragoza Spain Zaragoza Spain Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Madrid Spain

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) has been suggested often associated with the isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), with iRBD, and heart rate variability (HRV) is a commonly used tool to assess it. However, the accuracy of HRV is heavily influenced by respiratory rate (RespR), potentially causing misinterpretation of frequency domain HRV indices. This study compares sleep-related ANS function between iRBD patients and a control group (CG) using respiratory-adjusted HRV spectral analysis. It involves 20 iRBD and 20 CG participants in each group, from which five-minute ECG signal epochs during N2, N3, and REM sleep phases are analyzed. RespR were estimated from ECG-derived respiratory signals. Both low and high frequency bands definition for HRV analysis were redefined using the RespR. The results indicate significant differences in HRV parameters between iRBD and CG subjects during REM sleep, highlighting disrupted autonomic regulation in iRBD. This finding is also evident in non-REM phases, thus emphasizing the need to incorporate RespR in HRV analysis, especially in sleep-related studies, for a comprehensive understanding of autonomic dysfunction.

关键词： Phase modulation Frequency-domain analysis Electrocardiography Regulation Rapid eye movement sleep High frequency Heart rate variability engineering in medicine and biology Spectral analysis Parasympathetic nervous system

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Artificial intelligence applications in histopathology

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering

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Nature Reviews electrical engineering 2024年第2期1卷 93-108页

作者： Cagla Deniz Bahadir Mohamed Omar Luigi Marchionni Benjamin Liechty David J. Pisapia Jacob Rosenthal Mert R. Sabuncu Biomedical Engineering Cornell University and Cornell Tech New York NY USA Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program New York NY USA Radiology Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University and Cornell Tech New York NY USA

Histopathology is a vital diagnostic discipline in medicine, fundamental to our understanding, detection, assessment and treatment of conditions such as cancer, dementia and heart disease. Traditionally, the standard workflow in histopathology has primarily relied on the visual interpretation of tissue samples carried out by human experts under a light microscope. Since the 2000s, thanks to advances in scanning technologies such as whole-slide imaging, histopathology is undergoing a digital transformation. The rapid increase in digital data is fuelling the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) methods. In this Review, we delve into the latest progress in AI methods for histopathology, which promise to yield accurate, scalable, useful and affordable support tools for clinical decision. We examine the challenges and opportunities in this domain, exploring historically important approaches and problems that have shaped the field, while also highlighting recent technological breakthroughs that are poised to redefine its future. Furthermore, we offer an overview of publicly available datasets that have been instrumental in propelling the development of AI methods in histopathology.

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Initial Results of a Prototype AWSM-PET Device for Augmented Whole-body PET Imaging

Initial Results of a Prototype AWSM-PET Device for Augmented...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Y. Chen M. Hambdi S. Komarov R. A. Mintzer S. Cho D. Pocci A. Thomas J. Corbeil J. Breuer M. Judenhofer N. Wu J. Frye F. Dehdashti J. A. O’Sullivan R. Laforest S. B. Siegel Y.-C. Tai Imaging Science PhD Program Washington University in St.Louis St. Louis Missouri United States of America Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri United States of America Molecular Imaging Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc Knoxville Tennessee United States of America Department of Chemistry Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri United States of America Department of Biostatistics Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis United States of America Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University in St. Louis Missouri St. Louis United States of America

The Augmented Whole-body Scanning via Magnifying PET (AWSM-PET) is a technology designed to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of whole-body (WB) PET/CT imaging for the detection of small lesions. We recently constructed the first prototype AWSM-PET device that consists of two panels of high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) PET detectors (using ~1mm pitched LSO crystals), integrated with the standard readout electronics and event processing architecture of the Siemens Biograph Vision scanner. The system exhibits excellent spatial, energy and timing resolution, with an average coincidence resolving time of ~183 ps FWHM and an average energy resolution of ~11% FWHM at 511 keV. Custom firmware and software have been developed to encode the large number of detector elements and to enable coincidence detection between the AWSM-PET detectors and the Biograph Vision *** tests of the AWSM-PET device show the image resolution of the Biograph Vision scanner is improved from the original >3mm to ~2mm FWHM. A GPU-based list-mode image reconstruction framework has been expanded to incorporate the point-spread function (PSF) of the native scanner and the AWSM-PET detectors to optimize the spatial resolution and improve image *** step-and-shoot and continuous-bed motion imaging protocols are supported for the AWSM-PET operation and are being evaluated for the reconstructed image resolution and the uniformity of the overall system sensitivity across a long axial FOV. Extensive phantom imaging studies are ongoing to evaluate the system's performance. Initial human imaging studies will be presented in the upcoming 2023 Medical Imaging Conference.

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Fixational eye movements enhance the precision of visual information transmitted by the primate retina

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Nature Communications 2024年第1期15卷 7964页

作者： Wu, Eric G. Brackbill, Nora Rhoades, Colleen Kling, Alexandra Gogliettino, Alex R. Shah, Nishal P. Sher, Alexander Litke, Alan M. Simoncelli, Eero P. Chichilnisky, E.J. Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Physics Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Ophthalmology Stanford University Stanford CA United States Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Stanford University 452 Lomita Mall Stanford 94305 CA United States Neurosciences PhD Program Stanford University Stanford CA United States Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA United States Flatiron Institute Simons Foundation New York NY United States Center for Neural Science New York University New York NY United States Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University New York NY United States

Fixational eye movements alter the number and timing of spikes transmitted from the retina to the brain, but whether these changes enhance or degrade the retinal signal is unclear. To quantify this, we developed a Bayesian method for reconstructing natural images from the recorded spikes of hundreds of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the macaque retina (male), combining a likelihood model for RGC light responses with the natural image prior implicitly embedded in an artificial neural network optimized for denoising. The method matched or surpassed the performance of previous reconstruction algorithms, and provides an interpretable framework for characterizing the retinal signal. Reconstructions were improved with artificial stimulus jitter that emulated fixational eye movements, even when the eye movement trajectory was assumed to be unknown and had to be inferred from retinal spikes. Reconstructions were degraded by small artificial perturbations of spike times, revealing more precise temporal encoding than suggested by previous studies. Finally, reconstructions were substantially degraded when derived from a model that ignored cell-to-cell interactions, indicating the importance of stimulus-evoked correlations. Thus, fixational eye movements enhance the precision of the retinal representation. © The Author(s) 2024.

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Correction to: Design framework for a seamless smart glove using a digital knitting system

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Fashion and Textiles 2021年第1期8卷 1-1页

作者： Song, Yewon Lee, Seulah Choi, Yuna Han, Sora Won, Hyuna Sung, Tae-Hyun Choi, Youngjin Bae, Jihyun PhD Candidate Department of Electrical Engineering Hanyang University Seoul South Korea Post Doctoral Researcher Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hanyang University Ansan South Korea Graduate Student Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hanyang University Ansan South Korea Graduate Student Human-Tech Convergence Program Department of Clothing & Textiles Hanyang University Seoul South Korea Professor Department of Electrical Engineering Hanyang University Seoul South Korea Professor Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hanyang University Ansan South Korea Associate Professor Human-Tech Convergence Program Department of Clothing & Textiles Hanyang University Seoul South Korea

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

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Epigenetic factor competition reshapes the EMT landscape

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ali Al-Radhawi, M. Tripathi, Shubham Zhang, Yun Sontag, Eduardo D. Levine, Herbert Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Center for Theoretical Biological Physics Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States PhD Program in Systems Synthetic and Physical Biology Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research CambridgeMA02142 United States Department of Bioengineering Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Department of Physics Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology Harvard Medical School BostonMA02115 United States State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology National Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing100021 China

The emergence of and transitions between distinct phenotypes in isogenic cells can be attributed to the intricate interplay of epigenetic marks, external signals, and gene regulatory elements. These elements include chromatin remodelers, histone modifiers, transcription factors, and regulatory RNAs. Mathematical models known as Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) are an increasingly important tool to unravel the workings of such complex networks. In such models, epigenetic factors are usually proposed to act on the chromatin regions directly involved in the expression of relevant genes. However, it has been well-established that these factors operate globally and compete with each other for targets genome-wide. Therefore, a perturbation of the activity of a regulator can redistribute epigenetic marks across the genome and modulate the levels of competing regulators. In this paper, we propose a conceptual and mathematical modeling framework that incorporates both local and global competition effects between antagonistic epigenetic regulators in addition to local transcription factors, and show the counter-intuitive consequences of such interactions. We apply our approach to recent experimental findings on the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). We show that it can explain the puzzling experimental data as well provide new verifiable predictions. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Transcription factors

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