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Fixational eye movements enhance the precision of visual information transmitted by the primate retina

Nature Communications 2024年第1期15卷 7964页

作者： Wu, Eric G. Brackbill, Nora Rhoades, Colleen Kling, Alexandra Gogliettino, Alex R. Shah, Nishal P. Sher, Alexander Litke, Alan M. Simoncelli, Eero P. Chichilnisky, E.J. Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Physics Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Ophthalmology Stanford University Stanford CA United States Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Stanford University 452 Lomita Mall Stanford 94305 CA United States Neurosciences PhD Program Stanford University Stanford CA United States Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA United States Flatiron Institute Simons Foundation New York NY United States Center for Neural Science New York University New York NY United States Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University New York NY United States

Fixational eye movements alter the number and timing of spikes transmitted from the retina to the brain, but whether these changes enhance or degrade the retinal signal is unclear. To quantify this, we developed a Bayesian method for reconstructing natural images from the recorded spikes of hundreds of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the macaque retina (male), combining a likelihood model for RGC light responses with the natural image prior implicitly embedded in an artificial neural network optimized for denoising. The method matched or surpassed the performance of previous reconstruction algorithms, and provides an interpretable framework for characterizing the retinal signal. Reconstructions were improved with artificial stimulus jitter that emulated fixational eye movements, even when the eye movement trajectory was assumed to be unknown and had to be inferred from retinal spikes. Reconstructions were degraded by small artificial perturbations of spike times, revealing more precise temporal encoding than suggested by previous studies. Finally, reconstructions were substantially degraded when derived from a model that ignored cell-to-cell interactions, indicating the importance of stimulus-evoked correlations. Thus, fixational eye movements enhance the precision of the retinal representation. © The Author(s) 2024.

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Patch modification and slot arrangement of microstrip antenna for improving the axial ratio

Patch modification and slot arrangement of microstrip antenn...

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2017 International Conference on Broadband Communication, Wireless Sensors and Powering, BCWSP 2017

作者： Alam, Syah Surjati, Indra Ningsih, Yuli Kurnia Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering 17th August 1945 University Jakarta Indonesia Graduate Program of Electrical Engineering Trisakti University Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538628324

In this research, we produced a new design of microstrip antenna with truncated corner technique modified with slot in the middle patch of microstrip antenna to produce circular polarization for Long Term Evolution application. The value of return loss, VSWR and axial ratio of the antenna can enhanced by adjusting the length of the slot provided in the middle patch of microstrip antenna. Antenna designed using FR4 substrate with value (ϵ = 4.3, substrate thickness (h) of 1.6 mm and loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.0265. From the simulation results obtained return loss -45.45 dB, VSWR 1.014 and axial ratio 2.014 dB at a working frequency of 2300 MHz. The gain of the designed antenna is 6.93 dB. Slot method increased the axial ratio of the antenna until 26.17 % and array method increased gain until 26 %. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Microstrip antennas

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Development of sorting waste game android based for early childhood in environmental education

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020年第1期1434卷

作者： H Rahmayanti V Oktaviani Y Syani Transportation Program Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering State University of Jakarta Rawamangun Indonesia Electronics Engineering Vocational and Education Program Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering State University of Jakarta Rawamangun Indonesia

Waste is one of existing environmental problems have never end. One of the causes was a lack of environmental awareness because lack of education from early age. This study aimed to build Sorting Waste Game Android Based as an education media, study used technology in environmental education. Sorting Waste Game teach early childhood to understand many kinds of waste (organic and an organic) and adjusted waste based on garbage box on environmental. This game application used Android Platform which build using Unity 3D game engine. This study used Research and Development (RnD) method with Waterfall Development Model which consist of 4 steps, are analysis, design, implementation and testing. Testing method used is black box testing to test functional interface application systems thoroughly. Data collection is done using the survey that has been tested its feasibility by experts using Likert scale. Based on testing black box that has been carried out got that all indicator which is with such questions at each item was declared good with the percentage 100 %. This means that Sorting Waste Game is user friendly and can be used and runs smoothly on a platform android as a medium of technology on learning of environmental education.

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Simulink Matlab applications program in power system: Study of effect of simulink matlab program acceptance in power system analysis

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2021年第2期1098卷

作者： D Aiz P Gendroyono Electrical Engineering Education Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Jakarta Jl. R.Mangun Muka Raya RT. 11/RW. 14 Rawamangun Jakarta Indonesia

The Simulink Matlab application program in electrical power system analysis needs acceptance from its users. This research is purposed to investigate the effect of Simulink Matlab application program acceptance to power system analysis. This research uses a quantified approach. The sample of this research is 119 students using the Simulink Matlab application program to do power system analysis. The data is analyzed with path analysis with the Partial Least Square approach. The result shows that the perception of ease has a direct effect to the perception of usage, behavior, and intention to use the Simulink application program with the path coefficient of 0.581, 0.574, and 0.249 respectively; the perception of usage and easiness in the usage of the Simulink application program has a direct effect to behavior in using the Simulink application program with the path coefficient of 0.218 and 0.574 respectively; the behavior in using the Simulink application program has a direct effect to the intention in using the Simulink application program with the path coefficient of 0.581, and the intention in using Simulink application program has a direct effect to the usage of the real Simulink Matlab application program with the path coefficient of 0.491. This research concludes that the usage of the Simulink application program for power system analysis is affected by the easiness and the usage of the application as well as the attitude of users.

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THz Emission from Exchange-Coupled Fe/Ru/Ni Spintronic Emitters

THz Emission from Exchange-Coupled Fe/Ru/Ni Spintronic Emitt...

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International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves

作者： R. Adam C. Greb D. E. Bürgler D. Cao S. Heidtfeld F. Wang J. Cheng D. Chakraborty I. Komissarov H. Hardtdegen M. Mikulics M. Büscher C. M. Schneider Roman Sobolewski Research Centre Jülich Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6) Jülich Germany Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany College of Physics Center for Marine Observation and Communications Qingdao University Qingdao China Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Research Centre Jülich Ernst Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons Jülich Germany Faculty of Physics University Duisburg-Essen Duisburg Germany Department of Physics University of California Davis Davis California USA

We explored THz emission from $\mathrm{Si}^{2} / \mathrm{SiO}_{2} / / \mathrm{Ta} / \mathrm{Fe} / \mathrm{Ru} /$ $\mathrm{Ni} / \mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ spintronic emitters. We tuned magnetization alignment of Fe and Ni layers by varying the interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) strength using a range of Ru layer thickness t. Depending on IEC strength, magnetization hysteresis shows either ferromagnetic $(t=1.1 \mathrm{~nm}, 1.5 \mathrm{~nm})$, antiferromagnetic $(t=1.3 \mathrm{~nm})$ or canted $(t=1.7 \mathrm{~nm}, 1.9 \mathrm{~nm})$ relative alignment. Competition between IEC and an external magnetic field results in a dramatic difference in THz emission from the ferromagnetically (FM) and anti-ferromagnetically (AFM) coupled structures. The resulting THz emission from IEC structures is a result of an interference of THz transiens generated by the individual $\mathrm{Fe} / \mathrm{Ru}$ and $\mathrm{Ru} / \mathrm{Ni}$ emitters.

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Inventory of old buildings and land subsidence in Semarang Old Colonial City

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期623卷

作者： R S Rukayah A B Sardjono M Abdullah A M A Aziz Architecture and Urban Planning PhD Program Department of Architecture Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Indonesian Literature Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

There have been many researches on the conservation efforts of historical cities. The building inventory stage is the first step in conservation efforts to protect buildings from the past in order to have benefits in the present. This paper provides some data on buildings that undergo land subsidence in historical areas. Semarang Old City is a historical area built by the Colonial government in the 17th century. After nearly 320 years, some of these buildings have been damaged. This research, which focuses on buildings damaged by land subsidence will collect data from 245 existing buildings in 40 ha area. The approach method uses historical buildings, photos of old buildings, and field surveys. Several old buildings have been detected to be decreased in height due to land subsidence. This can be seen by comparing photos of old buildings from the past and the present. The research analysis uses sketches and photoshop to provide information on how much the height is decreased visually. This inventory results will be able to give advice to the government regarding the appropriate conservation actions to take in an area experiencing land subsidence. This research will also help preserve buildings and environment according to current and future needs in order to preserve their cultural meaning.

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Measuring land subsidence of buildings in Semarang Chinatown

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期623卷

作者： R S Rukayah A B Sardjono M Abdullah R Yulichandra Architecture and Urban Planning PhD Program Department of Architecture Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Indonesian Literature Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

There are not many studies that discuss land subsidence and try to measure it in historic areas. This paper will take an inventory of historical areas that have existed since the early growth of cities such as Semarang Chinatown, which has existed since the 17th century. This paper is part of the results of research on land subsidence in coastal cities in Java, which have left many historical areas. Semarang City is one of the case studies because it has a high land subsidence rate of around 20 cm/year in the North Semarang area. Indeed, this area in the past was an ocean. However, due to sedimentation, on the old 1700s map, this area has become a marsh. After becoming mainland, several historical areas stood on young alluvial land. The purpose of this paper is to make an inventory of old buildings in the historic area of Chinatown. On the map from 1695 to now, after 305 years, the area has experienced land subsidence, which can be seen visually in several buildings. The research method used old photos, old maps, and field surveys by taking samples of several old residences that still exist. To strengthen the data, the use of Google street view is very helpful in seeing conditions in the field. The recommendation of this research is to provide directions for an inventory of the list of buildings that need to be conserved due to the hazard of subsidence, which is currently not being felt by the local community.

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Brain MRI before and at term equivalent age predicts motor and cognitive outcomes in very preterm infants

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NeuroImage: Reports 2025年第2期5卷 100262-100262页

作者： Pagnozzi, Alex M. Pannek, Kerstin Boyd, Roslyn N. van Eijk, Liza George, Joanne M. Bora, Samudragupta Bradford, DanaKai Fahey, Michael Ditchfield, Michael Malhotra, Atul Colditz, Paul B. Fripp, Jurgen The Australian e-Health Research Centre CSIRO Brisbane Australia The University of Queensland School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Brisbane Australia Child Health Research Centre Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia Department of Psychology James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia Physiotherapy Department Queensland Children's Hospital Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service Brisbane Australia Mothers Babies and Women's Health Program Mater Research Institute Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia Monash Health Paediatric Neurology Unit and Department of Paediatrics School of Clinical Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia Monash Imaging Monash Health Melbourne Victoria Australia Department of Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia Department of Paediatrics Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia Monash Newborn Monash Children's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia Perinatal Research Centre The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of high-risk infants in the neonatal period (from 26 weeks postmenstrual age to Term Equivalent Age (TEA)) is increasingly being used for the detection of brain injuries, and the early prognostication of adverse outcomes such as Cerebral Palsy (CP). While most imaging is performed around TEA in clinical practice for infants born preterm (<37 weeks of gestation), this would often require families to return to hospital for imaging. In this work, we extract structural biomarkers from MRI acquired both before and at TEA in a cohort of very preterm infants from the PPREMO and PREBO studies (n = 100), to determine if either time-point, or both combined, are predictive of both Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development – Third Edition (Bayley-III) and the Neuro-sensory Motor Developmental Assessment (NSMDA) at 2 years. Using multivariable regression, moderately strong and statistically significant associations were found between brain structure on both early and TEA MRIs with 2-year outcomes (r = 0.39–0.55 for early MRI, r = 0.37–0.49 for Term MRI, r = 0.37–0.56 for early and TEA MRI combined). Importantly, brain biomarkers associated with early childhood outcomes from MRIs were identified, including white and grey matter volumes, deep grey matter and cerebellar volumes, and gyrification and surface area across the whole cortex. Early MRI showed the best prognostic accuracy along with combining timepoints, indicating the potential clinical benefit of Early MRI in predicting adverse outcomes. © 2025

关键词： Biomarkers Cerebral palsy Magnetic resonance imaging Neurodevelopmental impairment Prediction Preterm infants Structural

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TDDFT Studies on Sheet Size-Dependency of Optoelectronic Properties of 2D Silicon Doped with Alkali Metals

TDDFT Studies on Sheet Size-Dependency of Optoelectronic Pro...

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IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS)

作者： MD Raiyan Alam Muath Bani Salim Ganesh Alwarappan Aashka Bhandari Sunil Patil Sherin Alfalah Mohamed Shibl Walid Hassan Reza Nekovei Amit Verma Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Texas A&M University-Kingsville Kingsville TX Sustainable Energy Systems Engineering Program Texas A&M University-Kingsville Kingsville TX College of Engineering Pune Maharashtra India Gas Processing Center Qatar University Qatar College of Arts and Sciences Qatar University Doha Qatar Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9781728172309

ISBN: (纸本)9781728172316

This work investigates the effect of alkali metals (Li, Na, and K) doping on silicene sheets (2D silicon) by using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT). This includes Si 13 H 22 , Si 19 H 30 , Si 54 H 74 , and Si 104 H 134 silicene sheets. The results show some variation in the IR and UV-Vis spectrums as the sheet size change, with the largest structure showing an onset of absorption in the visible spectrum. Also, the results show that excitation energy decreases significantly by 29% as the number of atoms increases from Si 13 H 22 to Si 104 H 134 . Also, this work investigates the doping effect of alkali metals (Li, Na, and K) on the silicene sheets. The doped structures showed a dipole moment as high as approximately 10 Debye. The doped structures show a significant increase in optical absorption in the visible spectrum, as well as the potential for high reactivity.

关键词： Conferences

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Comparison of lipid extraction methods for the microalgae Acutodesmus obliquus

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2018年第5期11卷 211-217页

作者： Diana Ximena Hurtado Claudia Lorena Garzón-Castro Jhon Cortés-Romero Edisson Tello Camacho Bioprospecting and CAPSAB Research Groups Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad de La SabanaCundinamarca 53753Colombia Biosciences Doctoral Program Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad de La SabanaCundinamarca 53753Colombia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá53753Colombia

Microalgae are widely used in the pharmaceutical and energy industries,therefore the conditions for their cultivation and extraction methods play an important role in the profiling and acquisition of *** efficiency of lipid extraction from microalgae has attracted great interest from industry because of the wide variety of lipids and amounts that can be *** obliquus(Scenedesmus obliquus UTEX 393)was used in this *** was cultivated in Bold 3N medium modified with 75%nitrogen at 25℃,pH 6.8,125 r/min and a photoperiod of 18/6 h and illuminated with white light provided by a Light-Emitting Diode Surface Mount Device extensions(LED SMD)with an intensity of 1200μE/(m^(2)·s).The cells were stained with the Red Nile(RN)technique to indicate lipid *** extraction methods were compared,classical,microwave(MW),Soxhlet,and ultrasound(US),using the same solvent proportions(hexane:chloroform:methanol=1:2:3).All samples were analyzed with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)and Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed:1)lipid production detected by RN was consistent with microalgal growth;2)the MW technique was the best extraction method,according to the statistical analysis through Randomized Complete Block(RCB)design and performance of 4.6%;and 3)the presence of saturated and unsaturated acids was indicated by FTIR ***-MS was able to identify palmitic and linoleic acids as the likely major constituents of the sample.

关键词： Acutodesmus obliquus lipid extraction trans-esterification Red Nile(RN)

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