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2024 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics, BHI 2024

作者： Chang, Shun-Cheng Yu, Hsin-Pei Hsieh, Yi-Hsien Wang, Pochuang Wang, Weichung Su, Tung-Hung Kao, Jia-Horng Lin, Che Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Ntu Taipei10617 Taiwan Institute of Applied Mathematical Sciences Ntu Taipei10617 Taiwan National Taiwan University Hospital Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Taipei10048 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Ntu Taipei10617 Taiwan Center for Advanced Computing and Imaging in Biomedicine Ntu Taipei10617 Taiwan Smart Medicine and Health Informatics Program Ntu Taipei10617 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351552

Deep learning has revolutionized medical imaging, offering advanced methods for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. The BCLC staging system is crucial for staging Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), a high-mortality cancer. An automated BCLC staging system could significantly enhance diagnosis and treatment planning efficiency. However, we found that BCLC staging, which is directly related to the size and number of liver tumors, aligns well with the principles of the Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) framework. To effectively achieve this, we proposed a new preprocessing technique called Masked Cropping and Padding(MCP), which addresses the variability in liver volumes and ensures consistent input sizes. This technique preserves the structural integrity of the liver, facilitating more effective learning. Furthermore, we introduced Re ViT, a novel hybrid model that integrates the local feature extraction capabilities of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with the global context modeling of Vision Transformers (ViTs). Re ViT leverages the strengths of both architectures within the MIL framework, enabling a robust and accurate approach for BCLC staging. We will further explore the trade-off between performance and interpretability by employing TopK Pooling strategies, as our model focuses on the most informative instances within each bag. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Highly Flexible Piezoelectric Pressure Sensor at Extremely High-Temperature Range Using Ultrawide-Bandgap III-N Thin Films

Highly Flexible Piezoelectric Pressure Sensor at Extremely H...

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IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference (EDTM)

作者： Nam-In Kim Miad Yarali Muhammad Aqib Jae-Hyun Ryou Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas Center for Superconductivity at UH Advanced Manufacturing Institute University of Houston USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Houston USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston USA

Pressure monitoring in extreme conditions, such as in industrial, aerospace, and radioactive atmosphere, is crucial. Our focus is on developing and researching piezoelectric sensors that are highly flexible for detecting gas pressures at extremely high temperatures. We develop the flexible device using epitaxial III -nitride film, which is single-crystalline, by layer-transfer method. The sensor shows a sensitive and stable operation for extended periods. We use software simulation and relevant formulas to support our experimental findings.

关键词： Temperature sensors Pressure sensors X-ray scattering Sensor phenomena and characterization Software Semiconductor process modeling III-V semiconductor materials

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Evaluating the Systematic Reasoning Abilities of Large Language Models through Graph Coloring

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Heyman, Alex Zylberberg, Joel Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science York University TorontoON Canada Jules Stein Eye Institute University of California Los AngelesCA United States Learning in Machines and Brains Program CIFAR TorontoON Canada

Contemporary large language models are powerful problem-solving tools, but they exhibit weaknesses in their reasoning abilities which ongoing research seeks to mitigate. We investigate graph coloring as a means of evaluating an LLM’s capacities for systematic step-by-step reasoning and possibility space exploration, as well as effects of semantic problem framing. We test Claude 3.5 Sonnet, Llama 3.1 405B, Gemini 1.5 Pro, GPT-4o, o1-mini, and DeepSeek-R1 on a dataset of k-coloring problems with 2 ≤ k ≤ 4 and vertex count 4 ≤ n ≤ 8, using partial algorithmic solvers to further categorize problems by difficulty. In addition to substantial but varying framing effects, we find that all models except o1-mini and R1 exhibit > 60% error rates on difficult problem types in all frames (> 15% for o1-mini and > 10% for R1), and no model achieves perfect accuracy even in the simple domain of 2-coloring 4-vertex graphs. Our results highlight both the considerable recent progress in LLM systematic reasoning and the limits of its reliability, especially in relation to increasing computational costs. We expect that more complex graph coloring problems, and procedural generation of arbitrary-complexity reasoning problems more broadly, offer further untapped potential for LLM benchmarking. © 2025, CC BY.

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High-Resolution Hydrogen Molecule Detection Utilizing a Nanocandle-Based Optical Sensor 16

High-Resolution Hydrogen Molecule Detection Utilizing a Nano...

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16th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO-PR 2024

作者： Park, Nu-Ri Kim, Min-Joong Lee, Jongsu Seo, Minah Ryu, Yong-Sang Kim, Myung-Ki KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Korea Institute of Science and Technology Sensor System Research Center Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Northwestern University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science EvanstonIL60208 United States School of Biomedical Engineering Korea University Seoul02481 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health Korea University Seoul02481 Korea Republic of

Our research introduces a novel method for safe hydrogen detection. We've developed an advanced nano-candle sensor, combining Pd with nano-candles, enabling accurate detection of low-concentration hydrogen ( ©... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372076

关键词： Nanoclay

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The Effect of Vehicles Speed on the Performance of VANET Protocol

The Effect of Vehicles Speed on the Performance of VANET Pro...

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Advanced engineering and Technologies (ICONNIC), International Conference on

作者： Osama A. Qasim Dania Mohammed Mahdi Mohammed S. Noori Rabei Raad Ali Christy Atika Sari Eko Hari Rachmawanto Department of Computer Engineering Technology Northern Technical University Mosul Iraq Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Uniersiti Tenaga Nasional Selangor Malaysaia Study Program in Informatics Engineering University of Dian Nuswantoro Semarang Indonesia

At present, ad hoc networks are getting a lot of attention, because they have many features that differ from the rest of the networks and because they are technically advanced. In routing protocols, the Vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET) differ in performance because each protocol has different variables, such as variable density, speed, and traffic scenarios. In this work, we proposed topology-based routing namely Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol. The AODV protocol has been simulated in case of the movement of vehicles at a fixed velocity at 60km/h, and in case of randomly changing the vehicle's locations in the network. There are three parameters used to investigate the performance of the proposed AODV protocol which are packet delivery ratio, and overheads. The Simulation results show a significant decrease from 0.55 to 0.82 in the packet delivery ratio. On the other hand, the performance of the AODV protocol demonstrates effective communication for the VANETs.

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Soft Switching Boost Converter with Passive Lossless Snubber

Soft Switching Boost Converter with Passive Lossless Snubber

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Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC)

作者： Yeu-Torng Yau Po-Hong Hong Chao Wei Wang Department of Ph.D. Program Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan Industrial Technology Research Institute Green Energy & Environment Research Laboratories(GEL) Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798350389722

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389739

Data centres and high-performance computing systems rely on numerous network switches for data management and often integrate renewable energy sources (such as solar power) with storage batteries to ensure a stable power supply. In this paper, we introduce a novel regenerative snubber for boost converters with the aim of reducing the component count and footprint compared to conventional designs. Traditional boost converters suffer from high switching losses due to hard switching techniques. Although soft-switching methods can reduce these losses, they often involve costly and bulky components. In the proposed design, a minimal additional inductor is employed to achieve both turn-on and turn-off soft switching, enhancing efficiency without increasing size or complexity. The paper includes a detailed description of the circuit’s operation and timing, prototype test results, and a comparative analysis to demonstrate the advantages of this new approach over existing solutions in the literature.

关键词： Renewable energy sources Power supplies Snubbers Soft switching Prototypes Switching loss Switches Pulse width modulation Timing Standards

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Cutting corners to suppress high-order modes in Mie resonator arrays

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Haddadin, Zaid Khan, Shahrose Poulikakos, Lisa V. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering UC San Diego United States Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering UC San Diego United States Materials Science & Engineering Program UC San Diego United States

Mie resonators as lattice resonant metasurfaces have the capability to produce structural colour. However, design criteria for these metasurfaces are still being investigated. In this work, we numerically examine how the two-dimensional nanostructure shape in a lattice array affects the colorimetric response of the metasurface under linearly polarised light excitation. First, the transformation from a square-shaped to rectangle-shaped nanostructure array resulted in polarisation-sensitive metasurfaces with colorimetric outputs bound along a line on the CIE 1931 2-degree Standard Observer colour space. The bounds of the colorimetry line were tuneable to any desired chromatic range. Second, the removal of the corners in square- or rectangle-shaped nanostructures to create t-shaped nanostructure arrays displayed a dampening effect on the high-order resonance. Finally, we analytically determined that the colour saturation could increase when moving from rectangle-shaped to t-shaped nanostructure arrays. From these results, we present two design guidelines for lattice resonant metasurfaces: (1) Constructing the nanostructure to support fundamental resonances at different wavelengths enables two-colour-bound movement when excited by successive angles of linearly polarised light;(2) Removing portions of the nanostructure that only support high-order resonances dampens these modes while maintaining support for fundamental resonances. These results present first-principles guidelines for engineering nanoparticles in lattice resonant metasurfaces, offering a new toolbox for polarised-light sensing and colorimetric applications. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanostructures

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On the Robustness of Normalizing Flows for Inverse Problems in Imaging

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Hong, Seongmin Park, Inbum Chun, Se Young Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering INMC Interdisciplinary Program in AI Seoul National University Korea Republic of

Conditional normalizing flows can generate diverse image samples for solving inverse problems. Most normalizing flows for inverse problems in imaging employ the conditional affine coupling layer that can generate diverse images quickly. However, unintended severe artifacts are occasionally observed in the output of them. In this work, we address this critical issue by investigating the origins of these artifacts and proposing the conditions to avoid them. First of all, we empirically and theoretically reveal that these problems are caused by "exploding inverse" in the conditional affine coupling layer for certain out-of-distribution (OOD) conditional inputs. Then, we further validated that the probability of causing erroneous artifacts in pixels is highly correlated with a Mahalanobis distance-based OOD score for inverse problems in imaging. Lastly, based on our investigations, we propose a remark to avoid exploding inverse and then based on it, we suggest a simple remedy that substitutes the affine coupling layers with the modified rational quadratic spline coupling layers in normalizing flows, to encourage the robustness of generated image samples. Our experimental results demonstrated that our suggested methods effectively suppressed critical artifacts occurring in normalizing flows for super-resolution space generation and low-light image enhancement. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Observing Generator Performance by Finite Element Analysis Considering Coil Numbers

Observing Generator Performance by Finite Element Analysis C...

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Technology and Policy in Energy and Electric Power (ICT-PEP), International Conference on

作者： Muhammad Afnan Habibi Mochamad Farhan Ali Irfani Langlang Gumilar Arya Kusumawardana Aripriharta Angger Baskoro Study Program of Power Plant Engineering Technology Universitas Negeri Malang Malang Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Universitas Negeri Malang Malang Indonesia Dept. Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of electrical generator performance using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), with a specific emphasis on the role of coil numbers in influencing generator efficiency and functionality. In the context of modern energy systems, where efficient power generation is paramount, this research aims to elucidate the relationship between the number of coils within a generator and its overall performance, including power output and electromagnetic behavior. Through systematic FEA simulations that vary coil numbers while keeping other parameters constant, this study provides valuable insights into the trade-offs associated with increased coil numbers and enhanced efficiency. These findings have significant implications for optimizing generator designs across various applications, from renewable energy systems to industrial power generation, ultimately advancing our understanding of generator dynamics and contributing to more sustainable and efficient power generation technologies.

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Contract-Inspired Contest Theory for Controllable Image Generation in Mobile Edge Metaverse

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Guangyuan Du, Hongyang Wang, Jiacheng Niyato, Dusit Kim, Dong In College of Computing and Data Science The Energy Research Institute @ NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Korea Republic of

The rapid advancement of immersive technologies has propelled the development of the Metaverse, where the convergence of virtual and physical realities necessitates the generation of high-quality, photorealistic images to enhance user experience. However, generating these images, especially through Generative Diffusion Models (GDMs), in mobile edge computing environments presents significant challenges due to the limited computing resources of edge devices and the dynamic nature of wireless networks. This paper proposes a novel framework that integrates contract-inspired contest theory, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), and GDMs to optimize image generation in these resource-constrained environments. The framework addresses the critical challenges of resource allocation and semantic data transmission quality by incentivizing edge devices to efficiently transmit high-quality semantic data, which is essential for creating realistic and immersive images. The use of contest and contract theory ensures that edge devices are motivated to allocate resources effectively, while DRL dynamically adjusts to network conditions, optimizing the overall image generation process. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only improves the quality of generated images but also achieves superior convergence speed and stability compared to traditional methods. This makes the framework particularly effective for optimizing complex resource allocation tasks in mobile edge Metaverse applications, offering enhanced performance and efficiency in creating immersive virtual environments. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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