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The Impact of Hot Carrier Injection-Induced Device Degradation for Lower-Power FinFETs

Journal of Electronic Materials 2023年第2期52卷 1391-1399页

作者： Chen, Yu-Lin Yeh, Wen-Kuan Hsu, Heng-Tung Chen, Ke-Horng Lien, Der-Hsien Lin, Wen-Chin Yu, Tien-Han Chiu, Yu-Sheng Godwinraj, D. Godfrey, D. Wu, Chien-Hung International College of Semiconductor Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Microelectronics National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of ECE Amal Jyothi College of Engineering Kerala Kottayam India Department of Optoelectronics and Materials Engineering Chung Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Dayananda Sagar University Bengaluru India National Applied Research Laboratories Hsinchu Taiwan

The impact of hot carrier injection (HCI) on the performance of standard and low-VT FinFETs are investigated and benchmarked with each other. For this investigation, these FinFETs were fabricated with various gate lengths (L) from 16 to 36 nm. HCI-induced transconductance degradation in standard devices for gate length variations of 36 nm down to 16 nm was 75%, while it was 35% for low-VT devices. Similarly, the degradation of threshold voltage in standard devices for gate length variations of 36 nm down to 16 nm was 39%, while it was 36% for low-VT device. In this work, as the device is subject to HCI, we found that: (1) short-channel devices cause severe degradation on the threshold voltage and transconductance (gm) compared to long-channel devices, owing to the higher electric field for short-channel devices at the gate edge, (2) standard devices exhibit a more stable threshold voltage than that of low-VT power devices, since the TiN barrier layer prevents Al atom diffusion into the HfO2 layer, and (3) the transconductance efficiency of standard devices is better than that of low-VT power devices. Further, the lower-VT devices show lower transconductance degradation than standard devices. However, the transconductance degradation of the long-channel standard and low-VT devices are the same. Compared to short-channel low-VT devices, extended-channel standard devices are more immune to the HCI effect. © 2022, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

关键词： Threshold voltage

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Analysis of the Effect of Capacitors on the Voltage Generated by a 3-Phase Induction Generator

Analysis of the Effect of Capacitors on the Voltage Generate...

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2022 International Conference on electrical engineering and Informatics, ICELTICs 2022

作者： Syukri, Mahdi Syuhada, Ahmad Tarmizi Suriadi Ramadhani, Satika Marwan Affan, Muzailin Yanis, Muhammad Universitas Syiah Kuala Doctoral Program School of Engineering Post Graduate Program Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Universitas Syiah Kuala Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Banda Aceh Indonesia Universitas Syiah Kuala Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Banda Aceh Indonesia Universitas Syiah Kuala Dept. of Geophisic Engineering Banda Aceh Indonesia Universitas Syiah Kuala Dept. of Informatics Fmipa Banda Aceh Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9781665487665

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487665

Induction motors can be operated as induction generators when additional capacitors are added to the stator terminals. Capacitors connected to induction generators can generate voltage and can provide reactive power. The advantage of induction generators can be used in small-scale plants such as micro-hydro power plants. However, the weakness of induction generators are weak voltage regulation and dependence on capacitors to generate voltage. This study conducted a test to see how the effect of capacitor capacity on the voltage generated by a induction generator when serving multiple incandescent lamp loads. The capacitor used is connected with a wye connection because the Wye connection can generate a higher voltage than the Delta connection circuit. This research has been successfully carried out with variations in capacitor values, namely 45 F, 60 F, and 75 F and variations in lamp load values, namely 5W, 15W, 25W, 40W and 60W. Based on the results of the study, the induction generators uses a 45 F capacitor with a load of 5 W, the terminal voltage for line to line is 374 V. However, when using a 75 F capacitor with a 60W load, the terminal voltage for line to line is 239 V. The terminals voltage of the induction generators can also be kept at a constant 380 V by providing varying capacitor values even though it serves varying loads. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Asynchronous generators

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Bayesian Parameter Estimation for Partially Observed McKean-Vlasov Diffusions Using Multilevel Markov chain Monte Carlo

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Jasra, Ajay Wu, Amin School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Shenzhen China Statistics Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

In this article we consider Bayesian estimation of static parameters for a class of partially observed McKean-Vlasov diffusion processes with discrete-time observations over a fixed time interval. This problem features several obstacles to its solution, which include that the posterior density is numerically intractable in continuous-time, even if the transition probabilities are available and even when one uses a time-discretization, the posterior still cannot be used by adopting well-known computational methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). In this paper we provide a solution to this problem by using new MCMC algorithms which can solve the aforementioned issues. This MCMC algorithm is extended to use multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) methods. We prove convergence bounds on our parameter estimators and show that the MLMC-based MCMC algorithm reduces the computational cost to achieve a mean square error versus ordinary MCMC by an order of magnitude. We numerically illustrate our results on two models. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel estimation

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Decentralized Leader-Follower Visual Cooperative Package Transportation using Unmanned Aerial Manipulators

Decentralized Leader-Follower Visual Cooperative Package Tra...

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European Control Conference (ECC)

作者： Dimitris Chaikalis Nikolaos Evangeliou Anthony Tzes Farshad Khorrami Electrical & Computer Engineering Department New York University Brooklyn USA Electrical Engineering Program New York University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics New York University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

This paper is concerned with the problem of cooperative transportation of payloads by teams of unmanned aerial multirotor vehicles equipped with dexterous robotic arms. In order to increase the autonomy of such systems, a leader-follower setting is implemented. The leader UAV dictates the motion and all other follower UAVs attempt to maintain their desired relative pose with respect to the leader. A fiducial marker structure is attached to the leader, which allows all followers to continuously visually track the leader. Each robotic arm is equipped with force-torque sensors at its end-effector for improving the UAVs’ flight stability. Specialized controllers are designed for the aerial manipulator systems, in order to ensure a compliant behavior against forces transmitted through the payload. Simulations are provided using the Gazebo environment in order to validate the proposed control methods.

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Expert-level sleep staging using an electrocardiography-only feed-forward neural network

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 176卷 108545-108545页

作者： Jones, Adam M. Itti, Laurent Sheth, Bhavin R. Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX United States Center for NeuroEngineering and Cognitive Systems University of Houston HoustonTX United States

Reliable classification of sleep stages is crucial in sleep medicine and neuroscience research for providing valuable insights, diagnoses, and understanding of brain states. The current gold standard method for sleep stage classification is polysomnography (PSG). Unfortunately, PSG is an expensive and cumbersome process involving numerous electrodes, often conducted in an unfamiliar clinic and annotated by a professional. Although commercial devices like smartwatches track sleep, their performance is well below PSG. To address these disadvantages, we present a feed-forward neural network that achieves gold-standard levels of agreement using only a single lead of electrocardiography (ECG) data. Specifically, the median five-stage Cohen's kappa is 0.725 on a large, diverse dataset of 5 to 90-year-old subjects. Comparisons with a comprehensive meta-analysis of between-human inter-rater agreement confirm the non-inferior performance of our model. Finally, we developed a novel loss function to align the training objective with Cohen's kappa. Our method offers an inexpensive, automated, and convenient alternative for sleep stage classification—further enhanced by a real-time scoring option. Cardiosomnography, or a sleep study conducted with ECG only, could take expert-level sleep studies outside the confines of clinics and laboratories and into realistic settings. This advancement democratizes access to high-quality sleep studies, considerably enhancing the field of sleep medicine and neuroscience. It makes less-expensive, higher-quality studies accessible to a broader community, enabling improved sleep research and more personalized, accessible sleep-related healthcare interventions. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Electrocardiography

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Utilizing probabilistic entanglement between sensors in quantum networks

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Physical Review Applied 2024年第6期22卷 064085-064085页

作者： Emily A. Van Milligen Christos N. Gagatsos Eneet Kaur Don Towsley Saikat Guha Department of Physics The University of Arizona 1630 East University Boulevard Tucson Arizona 85721 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Arizona 1630 East University Boulevard Tucson Arizona 85721 USA Wyant College of Optical Sciences The University of Arizona 1630 East University Boulevard Tucson Arizona 85721 USA Program in Applied Mathematics The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721 USA Cisco Quantum Lab Los Angeles USA College of Computer Science University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA

One of the most promising applications of quantum networks is entanglement-assisted sensing. The field of quantum metrology exploits quantum correlations to improve the precision bound for applications such as precision timekeeping, field sensing, and biological imaging. When measuring multiple spatially distributed parameters, current literature focuses on quantum entanglement in the discrete-variable case and quantum squeezing in the continuous-variable case, distributed amongst all of the sensors in a given network. However, it can be difficult to ensure that all sensors preshare entanglement of sufficiently high fidelity. This work probes the space between fully entangled and fully classical sensing networks by modeling a star network with probabilistic entanglement generation that is attempting to estimate the average of local parameters. The quantum Fisher information is used to determine which protocols best utilize entanglement as a resource for different network conditions. It is shown that without entanglement distillation there is a threshold fidelity below which classical sensing is preferable. For a network with a given number of sensors and links characterized by a certain initial fidelity and probability of success, this work outlines when and how to use entanglement, when to store it, and when it needs to be distilled.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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NIR-Responsive Methotrexate-Modified Iron Selenide Nanorods for Synergistic Magnetic Hyperthermic, Photothermal, and Chemodynamic Therapy

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2024年第20期16卷 25622-25636页

作者： Thirumurugan, Senthilkumar Muthiah, Kayalvizhi Samuvel Lin, Yu-Chien Dhawan, Udesh Liu, Wai-Ching Wang, An-Ni Liu, Xinke Hsiao, Michael Tseng, Ching-Li Chung, Ren-Jei No. 1 Section 3 Zhongxiao East Road Taipei10608 Taiwan Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment Division of Biomedical Engineering James Watt School of Engineering Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre University of Glasgow GlasgowG116EW United Kingdom Faculty of Science and Technology Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong Hong Kong New Territories999077 Hong Kong Scrona AG Grubenstrasse 9 Zürich8045 Switzerland College of Materials Science and Engineering Chinese Engineering and Research Institute of Microelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei115 Taiwan Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Research Center of Biomedical Device College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Taipei10608 Taiwan

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with a high mortality rate among women. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel therapies to effectively treat this disease. In this study, iron selenide nanorods (FeSe2 NRs) were designed for use in magnetic hyperthermic, photothermal, and chemodynamic therapy (MHT/PTT/CDT) for breast cancer. To illustrate their efficacy, FeSe2 NRs were modified with the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate (MTX). MTX-modified FeSe2 (FeSe2-MTX) exhibited excellent controlled drug release properties. Fe2+ released from FeSe2 NRs induced the release of •OH from H2O2 via a Fenton/Fenton-like reaction, enhancing the efficacy of CDT. Under alternating magnetic field (AMF) stimulation and 808 nm laser irradiation, FeSe2-MTX exerted potent hyperthermic and photothermal effects by suppressing tumor growth in a breast cancer nude mouse model. In addition, FeSe2 NRs can be used for magnetic resonance imaging in vivo by incorporating their superparamagnetic characteristics into a single nanomaterial. Overall, we presented a novel technique for the precise delivery of functional nanosystems to tumors that can enhance the efficacy of breast cancer treatment. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Imaging atomic-scale chemistry from fused multi-modal electron microscopy

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 164-171页

作者： Jonathan Schwartz Zichao Wendy Di Yi Jiang Alyssa J.Fielitz Don-Hyung Ha Sanjaya D.Perera Ismail El Baggari Richard D.Robinson Jeffrey A.Fessler Colin Ophus Steve Rozeveld Robert Hovden Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA Advanced Photon Source Facility Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA Dow Chemical Co. MidlandMIUSA Department of Material Science and Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA The Rowland Institute at Harvard CambridgeMAUSA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA National Center for Electron Microscopy Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryMolecular FoundryBerkeleyCAUSA Applied Physics Program University of MIchiganAnn ArborMIUnited States

Efforts to map atomic-scale chemistry at low doses with minimal noise using electron microscopes are fundamentally limited by inelastic ***,fused multi-modal electron microscopy offers high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)recovery of material chemistry at nano-and atomic-resolution by coupling correlated information encoded within both elastic scattering(high-angle annular dark-field(HAADF))and inelastic spectroscopic signals(electron energy loss(EELS)or energy-dispersive x-ray(EDX)).By linking these simultaneously acquired signals,or modalities,the chemical distribution within nanomaterials can be imaged at significantly lower doses with existing detector *** many cases,the dose requirements can be reduced by over one order of *** high SNR recovery of chemistry is tested against simulated and experimental atomic resolution data of heterogeneous nanomaterials.

关键词： materials chemistry fused

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Merging UAV-Derived Metrics with Crop Physiology to Estimate Sunflower Yield

Merging UAV-Derived Metrics with Crop Physiology to Estimate...

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Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT)

作者： Usama Athar Muhammad Ali Zuhair Zafar Haris Khurshid Karsten Berns Muhammad Moazam Fraz School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan Oilseeds Research Program National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331510503

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510510

Accurate and timely estimation of sunflower yield is crucial for agricultural researchers, farmers, and breeders. Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with multi-spectral sensors has been adopted to meet the need for precise sunflower seed yield predictions. This study proposes a combined approach that integrates 12 remotely sensed vegetation indices (VIs) with 3 key physiological traits - fresh weight, dry weight, and moisture factor - to capture the complex dynamics affecting sunflower crop. Predictive performance of VIs alone and in combination with physiological traits is evaluated using Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Our results show that incorporating these two sets of features, along with their temporal, spectral, and statistical characteristics, leads to consistent improvements in sunflower seed yield estimation that can reduce the root mean squared error to as low as 0.4075 ( $\text{kg} / \text{plot}$ ).

关键词： Vegetation mapping Moisture Autonomous aerial vehicles Physiology Seeds (agriculture) Sensors Yield estimation Reliability Vehicle dynamics Remote sensing

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Mobile robot position control in environment with static obstacles

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IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics 2020年第2期2卷 78-87页

作者： Konstantinos Giannousakis Anthony Tzes Electrical&Computer Engineering Department University of PatrasRio 26500Greece Electrical&Computer Engineering Program New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiP.O.Box 129188United Arab Emirates

This study addresses the problem of efficiently navigating a differential drive mobile robot to a target pose in a region with obstacles,without explicitly generating a *** robot is assumed to be equipped with an omnidirectional range sensor,while the region may or may not be a priori *** the known obstacles in each iteration of the controller,the shortest path connecting the robot and the target point provides a raw desired movement *** the unobstructed area in that direction,the size of the robot and the obstacle contours in its visibility range,the reference direction is ***,respecting the velocity and acceleration constraints of the robot,the angular velocity is properly selected to rotate the robot towards the reference direction,while the linear velocity is chosen to efficiently minimise the distance to the final target,as well as to avoid *** the robot has reached the target,the controller switches to orientation mode in order to fix the *** studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.

关键词： robot visibility shortest

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