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The European physical Journal C 2024年第1期84卷 1-4页

作者： Accettura, Carlotta Adams, Dean Agarwal, Rohit Ahdida, Claudia Aimè, Chiara Amapane, Nicola Amorim, David Andreetto, Paolo Anulli, Fabio Appleby, Robert Apresyan, Artur Apyan, Aram Arsenyev, Sergey Asadi, Pouya Mahmoud, Mohammed Attia Azatov, Aleksandr Back, John Balconi, Lorenzo Bandiera, Laura Barlow, Roger Bartosik, Nazar Barzi, Emanuela Batsch, Fabian Bauce, Matteo Berg, J. Scott Bersani, Andrea Bertarelli, Alessandro Bertolin, Alessandro Black, Kevin Boattini, Fulvio Bogacz, Alex Bonesini, Maurizio Bordini, Bernardo Bottaro, Salvatore Bottura, Luca Braghieri, Alessandro Breschi, Marco Bruhwiler, Natalie Buffat, Xavier Buonincontri, Laura Burrows, Philip N. Burt, Graeme Buttazzo, Dario Caiffi, Barbara Calviani, Marco Calzaferri, Simone Calzolari, Daniele Capdevilla, Rodolfo Carli, Christian Casaburo, Fausto Casarsa, Massimo Castelli, Luca Catanesi, Maria Gabriella Cavallucci, Lorenzo Cavoto, Gianluca Celiberto, Francesco Giovanni Celona, Luigi Cerri, Alessandro Cesarini, Gianmario Cesarotti, Cari Chachamis, Grigorios Chance, Antoine Chen, Siyu Chien, Yang-Ting Chiesa, Mauro Colaleo, Anna Collamati, Francesco Collazuol, Gianmaria Costa, Marco Craig, Nathaniel Curatolo, Camilla Curtin, David Da Molin, Giacomo Dam, Magnus Damerau, Heiko Dasu, Sridhara de Blas, Jorge De Curtis, Stefania De Matteis, Ernesto De Rosa, Stefania Delahaye, Jean-Pierre Denisov, Dmitri Denizli, Haluk Densham, Christopher Dermisek, Radovan Di Luzio, Luca Di Meco, Elisa Di Micco, Biagio Dienes, Keith Diociaiuti, Eleonora Dorigo, Tommaso Dudarev, Alexey Edgecock, Robert Errico, Filippo Fabbrichesi, Marco Farinon, Stefania Ferrari, Anna Somoza, Jose Antonio Ferreira Filthaut, Frank Fiorina, Davide Fol, Elena Forslund, Matthew Franceschini, Roberto Ximenes, Rui Franqueira Gabrielli, Emidio Gallinaro, Michele Garosi, Francesco Giambastiani, Luca Gianelle, Alessio Gilardoni, Simone Giove, Dario Augusto Giraldin, Carlo Glioti, Alfredo Greco, Mario Greljo, Admir Groeber, Ramona Grojean, Christophe Grudiev, Alexej Gu, Jiayin Han, Chengcheng Han, T Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN) Geneva Switzerland STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) Oxford UK Computer Science Department University of California (UC) Berkeley USA Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Pavia Pavia Italy INFN Sezione di Pavia Pavia Italy INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Torino Turin Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Padua Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Rome Italy School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester UK Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia USA Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham USA IRFU CEA University Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France Center for Theoretical Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU) Fayoum University El-Fayoum Egypt SISSA International School for Advanced Studies Trieste Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste Trieste Italy Department of Physics University of Warwick Coventry UK Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano Milan Italy INFN Laboratori Acceleratori e Superconduttività Applicata (LASA) Milan Italy INFN Sezione di Ferrara Ferrara Italy School of Computing and Engineering The University of Huddersfield Huddersfield UK Ohio State University Columbus USA Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton USA INFN Sezione di Genova Genoa Italy University of Wisconsin Wisconsin USA Center for Advanced Studies of Accelerators Jefferson Lab Newport News USA INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca Milan Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano Bicocca Milan Italy Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Pisa Italy Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Energia Elettrica e dell’Informazione Università di Bologna Bologna Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Department of Physics University of California (UC) Berkeley USA Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università di Padova Padoa Italy John Adams Institute University of O

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Valley polarization in stacked MoS2 induced by circularly polarized light

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Nano Research 2017年第5期10卷 1618-1626页

作者： Juan Xia Xingli Wang Beng Kang Tay Shoushun Chen Zheng Liu Jiaxu Yan Zexiang Shen Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore NOVITAS Nanoelectronics Centre of Excellence School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore CINTRA CNRS/NTU/-I-HALES UM13288 Research Techno Plaza Singapore 637553 Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Center for Programmable Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Can tar for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyong Technological University Singapore 63737L Singapore

Manipulation of valley pseudospins is crucial for future valleytronics. lhe emerging transition metal dichalcogenides （TMDs） provide new possibilities for exploring the interplay among the quantum degrees of freedom, including real spin, valley pseudospin, and layer pseudospin. For example, spin-valley coupling results in valley-dependent circular dichroism in which electrons with particular spin （up or down） can be selectively excited by chiral optical pumping in monolayer TMDs, whereas in few-layer TMDs, the interlayer hopping further affects the spin-valley coupling. In addition to valley and layer pseudospins, here we propose a new degree of freedom--stacking pseudospin--and demonstrate new phenomena correlated to this new stacking freedom that otherwise require the application of external electrical or magnetic field. We investigated all possible stacking configurations of chemical-vapor-deposition-grown trilayer MoS2 （AAA, ABB, AAB, ABA, and 3R）. Although the AAA, ABA, 3R stackings possess a sole peak with lower degree of valley polarization than that in monolayer samples, the AAB （ABB） stackings exhibit two distinct peaks, one similar to that observed in monolayer MoS2 and findings provide a more future valleytronics. an additional unpolarized complete understanding of peak at lower energy. Our valley quantum control for

关键词： circularly polarizedphotoluminescence,first-principlescalculations,molybdenum disulfide,ultra-low-frequency Raman spectroscopy valley polarization

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First Measurement of the Nuclear-Recoil Ionization Yield in Silicon at 100 eV

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physical Review Letters 2023年第9期131卷 091801-091801页

作者： M. F. Albakry I. Alkhatib D. Alonso D. W. P. Amaral T. Aralis T. Aramaki I. J. Arnquist I. Ataee Langroudy E. Azadbakht S. Banik C. Bathurst R. Bhattacharyya P. L. Brink R. Bunker B. Cabrera R. Calkins R. A. Cameron C. Cartaro D. G. Cerdeño Y.-Y. Chang M. Chaudhuri R. Chen N. Chott J. Cooley H. Coombes J. Corbett P. Cushman S. Das F. De Brienne M. Rios S. Dharani M. L. di Vacri M. D. Diamond M. Elwan E. Fascione E. Figueroa-Feliciano C. W. Fink K. Fouts M. Fritts G. Gerbier R. Germond M. Ghaith S. R. Golwala J. Hall S. A. S. Harms N. Hassan B. A. Hines Z. Hong E. W. Hoppe L. Hsu M. E. Huber V. Iyer V. K. S. Kashyap M. H. Kelsey A. Kubik N. A. Kurinsky M. Lee M. Litke J. Liu Y. Liu B. Loer E. Lopez Asamar P. Lukens D. B. MacFarlane R. Mahapatra N. Mast A. J. Mayer H. Meyer zu Theenhausen É. Michaud E. Michielin N. Mirabolfathi B. Mohanty B. Nebolsky J. Nelson H. Neog V. Novati J. L. Orrell M. D. Osborne S. M. Oser W. A. Page L. Pandey S. Pandey R. Partridge D. S. Pedreros L. Perna R. Podviianiuk F. Ponce S. Poudel A. Pradeep M. Pyle W. Rau E. Reid R. Ren T. Reynolds E. Tanner A. Roberts A. E. Robinson T. Saab D. Sadek B. Sadoulet S. P. Sahoo I. Saikia J. Sander A. Sattari B. Schmidt R. W. Schnee S. Scorza B. Serfass S. S. Poudel D. J. Sincavage P. Sinervo Z. Speaks J. Street H. Sun G. D. Terry F. K. Thasrawala D. Toback R. Underwood S. Verma A. N. Villano B. von Krosigk S. L. Watkins O. Wen Z. Williams M. J. Wilson J. Winchell K. Wykoff S. Yellin B. A. Young T. C. Yu B. Zatschler S. Zatschler A. Zaytsev A. Zeolla E. Zhang L. Zheng Y. Zheng A. Zuniga P. An P. S. Barbeau S. C. Hedges L. Li J. Runge Department of Physics & Astronomy University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada TRIUMF Vancouver British Columbia V6T 2A3 Canada Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 1A7 Canada Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain Department of Physics Durham University Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom Division of Physics Mathematics & Astronomy California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Department of Physics Northeastern University 360 Huntington Avenue Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA School of Physical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research HBNI Jatni - 752050 India Department of Physics University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Menlo Park California 94025 USA Department of Physics Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Department of Physics Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas 75275 USA Department of Physics & Astronomy Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208-3112 USA Department of Physics South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City South Dakota 57701 USA SNOLAB Creighton Mine #9 1039 Regional Road 24 Sudbury Ontario P3Y 1N2 Canada Department of Physics Queen’s University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada School of Physics & Astronomy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Département de Physique Université de Montréal Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldsh

We measured the nuclear-recoil ionization yield in silicon with a cryogenic phonon-sensitive gram-scale detector. Neutrons from a monoenergetic beam scatter off of the silicon nuclei at angles corresponding to energy depositions from 4 keV down to 100 eV, the lowest energy probed so far. The results show no sign of an ionization production threshold above 100 eV. These results call for further investigation of the ionization yield theory and a comprehensive determination of the detector response function at energies below the keV scale.

关键词： Dark matter Particle interactions Particle detectors

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The need to implement FAIR principles in biomolecular simulations

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Amaro, R. Åqvist, J. Bahar, I. Battistini, F. Bellaiche, A. Beltran, D. Biggin, P.C. Bonomi, M. Bowman, G.R. Bryce, R. Bussi, G. Carloni, P. Case, D. Cavalli, A. Chang, C.A. Cheatham, T.E. Cheung, M.S. Chipot, C. Chong, L.T. Choudhary, P. Cisneros, G.A. Clementi, C. Collepardo-Guevara, R. Coveney, P. Covino, R. Crawford, T.D. Dal Peraro, M. de Groot, B. Delemotte, L. De Vivo, M. Essex, J. Fraternali, F. Gao, J. Gelpí, J.L. Gervasio, F.L. Gonzalez-Nilo, F.D. Grubmüller, H. Guenza, M.G. Guzman, H.V. Harris, S. Head-Gordon, T. Hernandez, R. Hospital, A. Huang, N. Huang, X. Hummer, G. Iglesias-Fernández, J. Jensen, J.H. Jha, S. Jiao, W. Jorgensen, W.L. Kamerlin, S.C.L. Khalid, S. Laughton, C. Levitt, M. Limongelli, V. Lindahl, E. Lindorff-Larsen, K. Loverde, S. Lundborg, M. Luo, Y.L. Luque, F.J. Lynch, C.I. MacKerell, A. Magistrato, A. Marrink, S.J. Martin, H. McCammon, J.A. Merz, K. Moliner, V. Mulholland, A. Murad, S. Naganathan, A.N. Nangia, S. Noe, F. Noy, A. Oláh, J. O'Mara, M. Ondrechen, M.J. Onuchic, J.N. Onufriev, A. Osuna, S. Palermo, G. Panchenko, A.R. Pantano, S. Parish, C. Parrinello, M. Perez, A. Perez-Acle, T. Perilla, J.R. Pettitt, B.M. Pietropaolo, A. Piquemal, J.-P. Poma, A. Praprotnik, M. Ramos, M.J. Ren, P. Reuter, N. Roitberg, A. Rosta, E. Rovira, C. Roux, B. Röthlisberger, U. Sanbonmatsu, K. Schlick, T. Shaytan, A.K. Simmerling, C. Smith, J.C. Sugita, Y. Świderek, K. Taiji, M. Tao, P. Tikhonova, I.G. Tirado-Rives, J. Tuñón, I. Van Der Kamp, M.W. Van der Spoel, D. Velankar, S. Voth, G.A. Wade, R. Warshel, A. Welborn, V.V. Wetmore, S. Wong, C.F. Yang, L.-W. Zacharias, M. Orozco, M. Department of Molecular Biology University of California San DiegoCA United States Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY United States Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY United States Barcelona Spain European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute Hinxton United Kingdom Structural Bioinformatics and Computational Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Institut Pasteur Université Paris Cité CNRS UMR 3528 Computational Structural Biology Unit Paris France Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Division of Pharmacy and Optometry University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati-SISSA Trieste Italy Computational Biomedicine Institute of Advanced Simulations IAS-5 Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany Department of Physics and Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Rutgers University PiscatawayNJ United States Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Drug Discovery and Development Bologna Italy Lausanne Switzerland Department of Chemistry University of California RiversideCA United States Department of Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT United States Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA United States Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA United States LIA CNRS-UIUC UMR n°7019 Université de Lorraine Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL United States Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biol

The communities that embraced data archiving efforts decades ago are now, in the era of data-driven biology, those gaining the most from the AI revolution. The structural biology community was a pioneer in this regard by establishing the Protein Data Bank (PDB) in 1971 and making data accessible using the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) principles even before these were articulated [1, 2]. The genomics/bioinformatics community has followed the example, establishing many widely used databases [3, 4]. By contrast, molecular simulation has been anchored in usage paradigms dating back to the seventies, when molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was first applied to study biomacromolecules [5]. At that time, MD was used by theoretical physicists and chemists in "proof of concept" simulations. Still, fifty years later, MD has evolved into a cornerstone molecular biology technique that can provide accurate quantitative analysis and property prediction. MD is now employed by tens of thousands of researchers worldwide, accounting for roughly 15% of global supercomputer usage. Unfortunately, these rich and costly data are not systematically maintained, and when further analyses are required, simulations have to be rerun-an unacceptable situation from scientific, environmental and sustainability standpoints. In this letter, we argue for a collaborative endeavor to archive MD simulation data and describe ongoing efforts to establish cost-effective and sustainable data archiving strategies. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Biotic

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Constraints on Lightly Ionizing Particles from CDMSlite

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physical Review Letters 2021年第8期127卷 081802-081802页

作者： I. Alkhatib D. W. P. Amaral T. Aralis T. Aramaki I. J. Arnquist I. Ataee Langroudy E. Azadbakht S. Banik D. Barker C. Bathurst D. A. Bauer L. V. S. Bezerra R. Bhattacharyya M. A. Bowles P. L. Brink R. Bunker B. Cabrera R. Calkins R. A. Cameron C. Cartaro D. G. Cerdeño Y.-Y. Chang M. Chaudhuri R. Chen N. Chott J. Cooley H. Coombes J. Corbett P. Cushman F. De Brienne M. L. di Vacri M. D. Diamond E. Fascione E. Figueroa-Feliciano C. W. Fink K. Fouts M. Fritts G. Gerbier R. Germond M. Ghaith S. R. Golwala H. R. Harris B. A. Hines M. I. Hollister Z. Hong E. W. Hoppe L. Hsu M. E. Huber V. Iyer D. Jardin A. Jastram V. K. S. Kashyap M. H. Kelsey A. Kubik N. A. Kurinsky R. E. Lawrence A. Li B. Loer E. Lopez Asamar P. Lukens D. B. MacFarlane R. Mahapatra V. Mandic N. Mast A. J. Mayer H. Meyer zu Theenhausen É. M. Michaud E. Michielin N. Mirabolfathi B. Mohanty J. D. Morales Mendoza S. Nagorny J. Nelson H. Neog V. Novati J. L. Orrell S. M. Oser W. A. Page R. Partridge R. Podviianiuk F. Ponce S. Poudel A. Pradeep M. Pyle W. Rau E. Reid R. Ren T. Reynolds A. Roberts A. E. Robinson T. Saab B. Sadoulet J. Sander A. Sattari R. W. Schnee S. Scorza B. Serfass D. J. Sincavage C. Stanford J. Street D. Toback R. Underwood S. Verma A. N. Villano B. von Krosigk S. L. Watkins J. S. Wilson M. J. Wilson J. Winchell D. H. Wright S. Yellin B. A. Young T. C. Yu E. Zhang H. G. Zhang X. Zhao L. Zheng Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 1A7 Canada Department of Physics Durham University Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom Division of Physics Mathematics & Astronomy California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Menlo Park California 94025 USA Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington D.C. 99352 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA School of Physical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research HBNI Jatni—752050 India School of Physics & Astronomy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Department of Physics University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia Illinois 60510 USA Department of Physics & Astronomy University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada TRIUMF Vancouver British Columbia V6T 2A3 Canada Department of Physics South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City South Dakota 57701 USA Department of Physics Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Department of Physics Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas 75275 USA Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain Department of Physics & Astronomy Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208-3112 USA Department of Physics Queen’s University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada Département de Physique Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada Department of Physics University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA Department of Physics University of Colorado Denver Denver Colorado 80217 USA Department of Electrical Engineering

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) achieved efficient detection of very small recoil energies in its germanium target, resulting in sensitivity to lightly ionizing particles (LIPs) in a previously unexplored region of charge, mass, and velocity parameter space. We report first direct-detection limits calculated using the optimum interval method on the vertical intensity of cosmogenically produced LIPs with an electric charge smaller than e/(3×105), as well as the strongest limits for charge ≤e/160, with a minimum vertical intensity of 1.36×10−7 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 at charge e/160. These results apply over a wide range of LIP masses (5 MeV/c2 to 100 TeV/c2) and cover a wide range of βγ values (0.1–106), thus excluding nonrelativistic LIPs with βγ as small as 0.1 for the first time.

关键词： Charge Extensions of fermion sector Particle dark matter Quantum electrodynamics Dark matter detectors

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Deep-learning-driven event reconstruction applied to simulated data from a single Large-Sized Telescope of CTA

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Grespan, Pietro Jacquemont, Mikael López-Coto, Rubèn Miener, Tjark Nieto-Castaño, Daniel Vuillaume, Thomas Abe, H. Aguasca, A. Agudo, I. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Armstrong, T. Artero, M. Asano, K. Ashkar, H. Aubert, P. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, A. Baroncelli, L. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. Becerra González, J. Bernardos, M.I. Berti, A. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bose, D. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Cassol, F. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chikawa, M. Chytka, L. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Dalchenko, M. de Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. Deleglise, G. Delgado, C. Delgado Mengual, J. della Volpe, D. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Di Venere, L. Díaz, C. Dominik, R.M. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsässer, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Fonseca, M.V. Freixas Coromina, L. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia, E. Garcia López, R. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Green, D. Grespan, Pietro Gunji, S. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Hayashi, Lo K. Heckmann, L. Heller, M. Herrera Llorente, J. Hirotani, K. Hoffmann, D. Horns, D. Houles, J. Hrabovsky, M. Hrupec, D. Hui, D. Hütten, M. Inada, T. Inome, Y. Iori, M. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jacquemont, Mikael Jimenez Martinez, I. Jouvin, L. Jurysek, J. Kagaya, M. Karas, V. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kong, A. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamanna, G. Lamastra, A. Le Flour, T. Longo, F. López-Coto, Rubèn López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Luque-Escamilla, P.L. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mandat, D. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Marquez, P. Marsella, G. Martí, J. Martinez, O. Martínez, G. Martínez, M. Marusevec, P. Mas, A. Maurin, G. Mazin, D. Mestre Guillen, E. Micanovic, S. Miceli, D. Miener, Tjark Miranda, J.M. Miranda, L.D.M. Mirzoyan, R. Mizuno, T. Molina, E. Montaruli, T. Monteiro, I. Moralejo, A. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova PadovaI-35131 Italy Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS LAPP 9 chemin de bellevue Annecy74940 France LISTIC Université Savoie Mont-Blanc Polytech Annecy-Chambéry 5 chemin de bellevue Annecy74940 France Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos Departamento de EMFTEL Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN Sezione di Napoli Aix Marseille Univ. CNRS/IN2P3 CPPM The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay LAPP Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS-IN2P3 Annecy France Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo EMFTEL Department IPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas INFN Sezione di Padova Università degli Studi di Padova Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics INFN Sezione di Trieste Università degli Studi di Udine INFN Sezione di Catania University of Geneva Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Palacky University Olomouc Faculty of Science CIEMAT Port d’Informació Científica INFN Sezione di Torino Dipartimento di Fisica Universitá degli Studi di Torino INFN Sezione di Bari Università di Bari University of Rijeka Department of Physics Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Universität Würzburg Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University INFN Sezione d

When very-high-energy gamma rays interact high in the Earth’s atmosphere, they produce cascades of particles that induce flashes of Cherenkov light. Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) detect these flashes and convert them into shower images that can be analyzed to extract the properties of the primary gamma ray. The dominant background for IACTs is comprised of air shower images produced by cosmic hadrons, with typical noise-to-signal ratios of several orders of magnitude. The standard technique adopted to differentiate between images initiated by gamma rays and those initiated by hadrons is based on classical machine learning algorithms, such as Random Forests, that operate on a set of handcrafted parameters extracted from the images. Likewise, the inference of the energy and the arrival direction of the primary gamma ray is performed using those parameters. State-of-the-art deep learning techniques based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have the potential to enhance the event reconstruction performance, since they are able to autonomously extract features from raw images, exploiting the pixel-wise information washed out during the parametrization process. Here we present the results obtained by applying deep learning techniques to the reconstruction of Monte Carlo simulated events from a single, next-generation IACT, the Large-Sized Telescope (LST) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). We use CNNs to separate the gamma-ray-induced events from hadronic events and to reconstruct the properties of the former, comparing their performance to the standard reconstruction technique. Three independent implementations of CNN-based event reconstruction models have been utilized in this work, producing consistent results. © 2021, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Preparative Mass Spectrometry Using a Rotating‐Wall Mass Analyzer

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Angewandte Chemie 2020年第20期132卷

作者： Pei Su Hang Hu Daisy Unsihuay Di Zhang Tiziano Dainese Rosa E. Diaz Jongsu Lee Don K. Gunaratne Haiyan Wang Flavio Maran Jianguo Mei Julia Laskin Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA School of Materials Engineering Purdue University 701 W. Stadium Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA Department of Chemistry University of Padova 1 Via Marzolo Padova 35131 Italy Birck Nanotechnology Center Discovery Park Purdue University 1205 W. State St. West Lafayette IN 47907 USA Physical Science Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 MSIN K8-88 Richland WA 99352 USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University 465 Northwestern Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA

The design of functional interfaces is central to both fundamental and applied research in materials science and energy technology. We introduce a new, broadly applicable technique for the precisely controlled high‐throughput preparation of well‐defined interfaces containing polyatomic species ranging from small ions to nanocrystals and large protein complexes. The mass‐dispersive deposition of ions onto surfaces is achieved using a rotating‐wall mass analyzer, a compact device which enables the separation of ions using low voltages and has a theoretically unlimited mass range. We demonstrate an efficient deposition of singly charged Au 144 (SC 4 H 9 ) 60 ions (33.7 kDa), which opens up exciting opportunities for the structural characterization of nanocrystals and their assemblies using transmission electron microscopy. Our approach also enables the high‐throughput deposition of mass‐selected ions from multicomponent mixtures, which is of interest to the controlled preparation of surface gradients and rapid screening of molecules in mixtures for a specific property.

关键词： Elektronenmikroskopie Gold-Nanocluster Hoher Durchsatz Massenspektrometrie Präparation von Oberflächen

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Predictable and precise template-free CRISPR editing of pathogenic variants (vol 563, pg 646, 2018)

引用

NATURE 2019年第7746期567卷 E1-E2页

作者： Shen, Max W. Arbab, Mandana Hsu, Jonathan Y. Worstell, Daniel Culbertson, Sannie J. Krabbe, Olga Cassa, Christopher A. Liu, David R. Gifford, David K. Sherwood, Richard I. Computational and Systems Biology Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge USA Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Harvard University Cambridge USA Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Molecular Pathology Unit Center for Cancer Research and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown USA Division of Genetics Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston USA Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) Utrecht The Netherlands Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA

In this Article, a data processing error affected Fig. 3e and Extended Data Table 2; these errors have been corrected online.

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Development of an advanced SiPM camera for the large size telescope of the Cherenkov telescope array observatory

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Heller, Matthieu Armstrong, T. Bellato, M. Bergnoli, A. Bernardos, M. Bernasconi, E. Biland, A. Charbon, E. Corti, D. Dalchenko, M. della Volpe, D. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Emery, G. Gascón, D. Gómez, S. López-Coto, R. Mariotti, M. Miranda, L.D.M. Montaruli, T. Nagai, A. Rando, R. Saito, T. Tajima, H. Zietara, K. Abe, H. Aguasca, A. Agudo, I. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Armstrong, T. Artero, M. Asano, K. Ashkar, H. Aubert, P. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, A. Baroncelli, L. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. Becerra González, J. Bernardos, M.I. Berti, A. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bose, D. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Cassol, F. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chikawa, M. Chytka, L. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Dalchenko, M. de Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. Deleglise, G. Delgado, C. Delgado Mengual, J. della Volpe, D. Depaoli, D. Di Venere, L. Díaz, C. Dominik, R.M. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsässer, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Fonseca, M.V. Freixas Coromina, L. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia, E. Garcia López, R. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Green, D. Grespan, P. Gunji, S. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Hayashi, K. Heckmann, L. Heller, M. Herrera Llorente, J. Hirotani, K. Hoffmann, D. Horns, D. Houles, J. Hrabovsky, M. Hrupec, D. Hui, D. Hütten, M. Inada, T. Inome, Y. Iori, M. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jacquemont, M. Jimenez Martinez, I. Jouvin, L. Jurysek, J. Kagaya, M. Karas, V. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kong, A. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamanna, G. Lamastra, A. Le Flour, T. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Luque-Escamilla, P.L. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mandat, D. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Marquez, P. Marsella, G. Martí, J. Martinez, O. Martínez, G. Martínez, M. DPNC - Université de Genève 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet GenèveCH-1211 Switzerland Aix Marseille Univ CNRS/IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo Padova8 - 35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Torino via P. Giuria Torino1 - 10125 Italy Università degli Studi di Torino Dipartimento di Fisica via P. Giuria Torino1 - 10125 Italy Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research and Kobayashi–Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe Nagoya University Nagoya464-8601 Japan AQUA EPFL Neuchâtel Switzerland ETH Zurich Institute for Particle Physics Otto-Stern-Weg 5 Zurich8093 Switzerland Institute of Cosmos Sciencies - University of Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1 Barcelona08028 Spain Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo Japan Astronomical Observatory Jagiellonian University ul. Orla 171 Kraków30-244 Poland Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN Sezione di Napoli Aix Marseille Univ CNRS/IN2P3 CPPM The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay LAPP Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS-IN2P3 Annecy France Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo EMFTEL department IPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas INFN Sezione di Padova Università degli Studi di Padova Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics INFN Sezione di Trieste Università degli Studi di Udine INFN Sezione di Catania University of Geneva Département de physique nucléair

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have become the baseline choice for cameras of the small-sized telescopes (SSTs) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). On the other hand, SiPMs are relatively new to the field and covering large surfaces and operating at high data rates still are challenges to outperform photomultipliers (PMTs). The higher sensitivity in the near infra-red and longer signals compared to PMTs result in higher night sky background rate for SiPMs. However, the robustness of the SiPMs represents a unique opportunity to ensure long-term operation with low maintenance and better duty cycle than PMTs. The proposed camera for large size telescopes will feature 0.05◦ pixels, low power and fast front-end electronics and a fully digital readout. In this work, we present the status of dedicated simulations and data analysis for the performance estimation. The design features and the different strategies identified, so far, to tackle the demanding requirements and the improved performance are described. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photomultipliers

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Experimental observation of superscattering

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Qian, Chao Lin, Xiao Yang, Yi Xiong, Xiaoyan Wang, Huaping Li, Erping Kaminer, Ido Zhang, Baile Chen, Hongsheng State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China ZJU-UIUC Institute College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore

Superscattering, induced by degenerate resonances, breaks the fundamental single-channel limit of scattering cross section of subwavelength structures;in principle, an arbitrarily large total cross section can be achieved via superscattering. It thus provides a unique way to strengthen the light-matter interaction at the subwavelength scale, and has many potential applications in sensing, energy harvesting, bio-imaging (such as magnetic resonance imaging), communication and optoelectronics. However, the experimental demonstration of superscattering remains an open challenge due to its vulnerability to structural imperfections and intrinsic material losses. Here we report the first experimental evidence for superscattering, by demonstrating the superscattering simultaneously in two different frequency regimes through both the far-field and near-field measurements. The underlying mechanism for the observed superscattering is the degenerate resonances of confined surface waves, by utilizing a subwavelength metasurface-based multilayer structure. Our work paves the way towards practical applications based on superscattering. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Surface waves

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