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Natural Alkaloids (Caffeine, Theobromine and Theophylline) as Dielectric Capping Layers for Gold and Aluminum Gate Electrodes in Low Operating Voltage Organic Field-Effect Transistors

IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics

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IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics 2025年

作者： Irimia, Cristian Vlad Yumusak, Cigdem Ban, Boyuan Leeb, Elisabeth Mayr, Felix Schimanofsky, Corina Mardare, Andrei Ionut Molnar, Maximilian Alexander Teichert, Christian Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar Irimia-Vladu, Mihai Institute of Physical Chemistry Altenberger Str. 69 Linz4040 Austria Graz University of Technology in Graz Master of Science student in Advanced Materials Science program Austria Montanuniversität Leoben Chair of Physics Department of Physics Mechanics and Electrical Engineering Franz Josef Str. 18 Leoben8700 Austria Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials Institute of Solid-State Physics Hefei Institute of Physical Science Hefei230031 China Altenberger Str. 69 Linz4040 Austria National Institute for Lasers Plasma and Radiation Physics Magurele077125 Romania

Three natural alkaloids: caffeine, theobromine and theophylline are reported for their application as dielectric layers in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) utilizing both gold and aluminum gate electrodes. After careful purification of the materials, a detailed analysis using x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle (CA), impedance spectroscopy, amplitude modulated kelvin probe force microscope (AM-KPFM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) is performed. OFET devices operating at typical voltages between 2 and 4 V have been fabricated with the investigated alkaloid films processed via blade coating (caffeine) or vacuum processing (theobromine and theophylline). The dielectric properties of these three alkaloids are measured in impedance spectroscopy and negligible leakage currents are observed when deposited in thin films as dielectric layers in OFETs on aluminum electrodes. There is a high tendency of these molecules to crystallize and form uneven surfaces. When the thin film forming properties are carefully controlled, organic alkaloids can be employed in applications involving implantable, transient or even edible electronics. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Experimental implementation of an efficient test of quantumness

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physical Review A 2024年第1期109卷 012610-012610页

作者： Laura Lewis Daiwei Zhu Alexandru Gheorghiu Crystal Noel Or Katz Bahaa Harraz Qingfeng Wang Andrew Risinger Lei Feng Debopriyo Biswas Laird Egan Thomas Vidick Marko Cetina Christopher Monroe Institute for Quantum Information and Matter and Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Division of Physics Mathematics and Astronomy California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Joint Quantum Institute Departments of Physics and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science NIST/University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA IonQ Inc. College Park Maryland 20740 USA Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Institute for Theoretical Studies ETH Zürich Zürich CH 8001 Switzerland Duke Quantum Center and Department of Physics Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Chemical Physics Program and Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA

A test of quantumness is a protocol where a classical user issues challenges to a quantum device to determine if it exhibits nonclassical behavior, under certain cryptographic assumptions. Recent attempts to implement such tests on current quantum computers rely on either interactive challenges with efficient verification or noninteractive challenges with inefficient (exponential time) verification. In this paper, we execute an efficient noninteractive test of quantumness on an ion-trap quantum computer. Our results significantly exceed the bound for a classical device's success.

关键词： Quantum cryptography Quantum information with trapped ions Quantum protocols Quantum verification

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Efficient and broadband terahertz polarization convertor enabled by an all-metal stereo reflective metasurface

Efficient and broadband terahertz polarization convertor ena...

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International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves

作者： Yuehong Xu Quan Xu Xueqian Zhang Xi Feng Yongchang Lu Xixiang Zhang Jiaguang Han Weili Zhang Center for Terahertz Waves College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education) Tianjin University China RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics RIKEN 519-1399 Aramaki-Aoba Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi Japan Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA

The pursuit of novel concepts and design schemes for metasurfaces to develop Terahertz (THz) polarization-related devices with exceptional performance is an ongoing and highly demanding project. Here, A new all-metal stereo U-shaped meta-atom based design scheme for manipulating terahertz polarization is proposed. The design functions as an efficient and broadband THz waveplate with tailorable birefringence by controlling sunken depth. The polarization conversion ratio (PCR) is $\gt90$% with 69% relative bandwidth and 85° angle tolerance. The proposed meta-grating based on Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase method is also demonstrated, enriching design degrees of freedom for metasurfaces and offering potential for various functional devices.

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The 2020 power blackout in the brazilian state of amapá: Lessons learned and opportunities

The 2020 power blackout in the brazilian state of amapá: Le...

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2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America, ISGT Latin America 2021

作者： Do Prado, Josue Campos Santos, Marcos Vinicius Ramos, Lucas Feksa Canha, Luciane Neves Konzen, Gabriel School of Engineering Computer Science Washington State University VancouverWA98686 United States School of Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle Upon TyneNE1 7RU United Kingdom Federal University of Rondônia Department of Electrical Engineering Porto Velho Brazil Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil Division of Energy Economics and Environmental Studies Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781665444217

The Brazilian state of Amapa=-notable for having 70% of its area consisting of unexplored Amazonian forests-experienced a massive power blackout in November 2020. An internal short-circuit in a transformer led to an explosion followed by a fire at the Macapa substation. This event left about 90% of the Amapa's population without power for several days in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic, disrupting the lives of hundreds of thousands of people and raising concerns from several electricity sector stakeholders. This paper discusses select lessons learned from the power blackout and presents future opportunities to improve power system reliability and resilience for the grids in Amapá, and other similar Brazilian states, with a special focus on the increasingly important role of of distributed energy resources and smart grid technologies. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Outages

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Direct measurement of DNA bending by quantum magnetic imaging of a nanomechanical torque balance

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physical Review Applied 2024年第6期22卷 064044-064044页

作者： Zeeshawn Kazi Isaac M. Shelby Ruhee Nirodi Joseph Turnbull Hideyuki Watanabe Kohei M. Itoh Paul A. Wiggins Kai-Mei C. Fu Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98105 USA Present address: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08540 USA. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Central 2 1-1-1 Umezono Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan School of Fundamental Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan Department of Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98105 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98105 USA Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99354 USA

DNA flexibility is a key determinant of biological function, from nucleosome positioning to transcriptional regulation, motivating a direct measurement of the bend-torque response of individual DNA molecules. In this work, DNA bending is detected with the use of a nanomechanical torque balance formed by the tethering of a ferromagnetic nanoparticle probe by an individual DNA molecule to a diamond magnetic field imager. The torque exerted by the DNA in response to bending caused by an applied magnetic torque is measured by wide-field imaging of quantum defects near the surface of the diamond. Qualitative measurements of differences in DNA biomechanical binding configuration are demonstrated, and as a proof of principle, a quantitative measurement of the bend response is made for individual DNA molecules. This quantum-enabled measurement approach could be applied to characterize the bend response of biophysically relevant short DNA molecules as well as the sequence dependence of DNA bending energy.

关键词： Molecules

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A BCLC Staging System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma using Swin Transformer and CT Imaging

A BCLC Staging System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma using Swi...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Shun-Cheng Chang Pochuang Wang Weichung Wang Tung-Hung Su Jia-Horng Kao Che Lin Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Taiwan University (NTU) Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering NTU Taipei Taiwan NTU Institute of Applied Mathematical Sciences Taipei Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering NTU Taipei Taiwan NTU Center for Advanced Computing and Imaging in Biomedicine Taipei Taiwan NTU Smart Medicine and Health Informatics Program Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system plays a crucial role in clinical planning, offering valuable insights for effectively managing hepatocellular carcinoma. Accurate prediction of BCLC stages can significantly ease the workload on radiologists. However, few datasets are explicitly designed for discerning BCLC stages. Despite the common practice of appending BCLC labels to clinical data within datasets, the inherent imbalance in BCLC distribution is further amplified by the diverse purposes for which datasets are curated. In this study, we aim to develop a BCLC staging system using the advanced Swin Transformer model. Additionally, we explore the integration of two datasets, each originally intended for separate objectives, highlighting the critical challenge of preserving class distribution in practical study designs. This exploration is pivotal for ensuring the applicability of our developed staging system in the designed clinical settings. Our resulting BCLC staging system demonstrates an accuracy of 55.81% (±7.8%), contributing to advancing medical image-based research for predicting BCLC stages.

关键词： Liver cancer Accuracy Computed tomography Biological system modeling Transformers Planning Biomedical imaging

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ReViT: A Hybrid Approach for BCLC Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using 3D CT with Multiple Instance Learning

ReViT: A Hybrid Approach for BCLC Staging of Hepatocellular ...

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IEEE EMBS International Conference on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine (ITAB)

作者： Shun-Cheng Chang Hsin-Pei Yu Yi-Hsien Hsieh Pochuang Wang Weichung Wang Tung-Hung Su Jia-Horng Kao Che Lin Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Taiwan University (NTU) Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering NTU Taipei Taiwan Institute of Applied Mathematical Sciences NTU Taipei Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering NTU Taipei Taiwan Center for Advanced Computing and Imaging in Biomedicine NTU Taipei Taiwan Smart Medicine and Health Informatics Program NTU Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798350351552

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351569

Deep learning has revolutionized medical imaging, offering advanced methods for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. The BCLC staging system is crucial for staging Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), a high-mortality cancer. An automated BCLC staging system could significantly enhance diagnosis and treatment planning efficiency. However, we found that BCLC staging, which is directly related to the size and number of liver tumors, aligns well with the principles of the Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) framework. To effectively achieve this, we proposed a new preprocessing technique called Masked Cropping and Padding(MCP), which addresses the variability in liver volumes and ensures consistent input sizes. This technique preserves the structural integrity of the liver, facilitating more effective learning. Furthermore, we introduced Re ViT, a novel hybrid model that integrates the local feature extraction capabilities of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with the global context modeling of Vision Transformers (ViTs). Re ViT leverages the strengths of both architectures within the MIL framework, enabling a robust and accurate approach for BCLC staging. We will further explore the trade-off between performance and interpretability by employing TopK Pooling strategies, as our model focuses on the most informative instances within each bag.

关键词： Visualization Accuracy Three-dimensional displays Liver Transformers Planning Convolutional neural networks Context modeling Biomedical imaging Tumors

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Virtual enumeration and evaluation of thin-film monomers for potential membrane synthesis via interfacial polymerization

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Journal of Membrane science 2025年 733卷

作者： Lana Bader Gergo Ignacz Gyorgy Szekely Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

Many state-of-the-art applications, including membranes, adhesives, coatings, and sensors, are based on thin polymer films. The exploration of thin-films can be facilitated by diversifying the chemical space of organic and aqueous monomers used in interfacial polymerization. To this end, we created a virtual library covering a range of scaffolds and fragments. First, we enumerated 137 scaffolds and 54 fragments to create more than 1.3 billion structures. We then filtered the raw library to remove duplicates and invalid structures. Further filtering based on molecular descriptors reduced the raw virtual library to a list of 26 million molecular structures as potential candidates for thin-film formation via interfacial polymerization. The structures were further analyzed to identify their suitability as thin-films where the solubilities, toxicities, and process mass intensities were calculated. In addition, the molecular structures in the virtual library were compared with those of commercially available monomers in the ZINC database. Overall, we could generate new structures with potential viability in thin-film polymerization reactions. Our dataset can be utilized by the membrane community in molecular simulation studies, machine learning applications, and other data-extensive methods requiring a large and diverse set of molecules.

关键词： Copolymerization

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Metal–organic frameworks modified electrode for H₂S detections in biological and pharmaceutical agents

MedComm - Biomaterials and Applications

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MedComm - Biomaterials and Applications 2023年第3期2卷

作者： Durmus, Ceren Arul, Ponnusamy Alhaji, A. Shekhah, Osama Mani, Veerappan Eddaoudi, Mohamed Salama, Khaled Nabil Sensors Lab Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan Physical Sciences and Engineering Division Functional Materials Design Discovery and Development Research Group (FMD3) Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Jeddah Saudi Arabia

The development of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sensors is essential to address H2S-related pharmacology since slow-releasing H2S medications have been identified to be prospective options for cancer treatments. Here, we de... 详细信息

The development of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) sensors is essential to address H₂S-related pharmacology since slow-releasing H₂S medications have been identified to be prospective options for cancer treatments. Here, we described an electrochemical sensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of aqueous H₂S, using a thin film of fumarate-based face-centered cubic (fcu)-based metal–organic frameworks (fum-fcu-MOF) modified on laser-scribed graphene (LSGE). The fum-fcu-MOF has shown a strong affinity and chemical stability to H₂S analysis. The electrochemical and H₂S catalytic properties were studied for fum-fcu-MOF/LSGE. An amperometry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques were demonstrated to validate the sensor. The resulting sensor delivered acceptable analytical parameters in terms of;detection limit (3.0 µM), dynamic range (10–500 µM), reproducibility, and stability (94.7%). The sensor's practical validity was demonstrated in bacterial cells and H₂S-releasing drug, where the sensor was able to monitor the continuous release of in-situ H₂S. The pharmacokinetics of a slow releasing H₂S donor is accessed at different time intervals and different concentration levels. Our research indicate that this fum-fcu-MOF based H₂S sensor holds potential in understanding pharmacokinetics of H₂S releasing drugs. © 2023 The Authors. MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Sichuan International Medical Exchange & Promotion Association (SCIMEA).

关键词： H2S pharmacology hydrogen sulfide metal organic frameworks

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Curriculum Is More Influential Than Haptic Information During Reinforcement Learning of Object Manipulation Against Gravity

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ojaghi, Pegah Mir, Romina Marjaninejad, Ali Erwin, Andrew Wehner, Michael Valero-Cuevas, Francisco J. Computer Science and Engineering Department University of California Santa Cruz Santa CruzCA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOH United States Mechanical Engineering Department University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI United States Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Department of Computer Science University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States

Learning to lift and rotate objects with the fingertips is necessary for autonomous in-hand dexterous manipulation. In our study, we explore the impact of various factors on successful learning strategies for this task. Specifically, we investigate the role of curriculum learning and haptic feedback in enabling the learning of dexterous manipulation. Using model-free Reinforcement Learning, we compare different curricula and two haptic information modalities (No-tactile vs. 3D-force sensing) for lifting and rotating a ball against gravity with a three-fingered simulated robotic hand with no visual input. Note that our best results were obtained when we used a novel curriculum-based learning rate scheduler, which adjusts the linearly-decaying learning rate when the reward is changed as it accelerates convergence to higher rewards. Our findings demonstrate that the choice of curriculum greatly biases the acquisition of different features of dexterous manipulation. Surprisingly, successful learning can be achieved even in the absence of tactile feedback, challenging conventional assumptions about the necessity of haptic information for dexterous manipulation tasks. We demonstrate the generalizability of our results to balls of different weights and sizes, underscoring the robustness of our learning approach. This work, therefore, emphasizes the importance of the choice curriculum and challenges long-held notions about the need for tactile information to autonomously learn in-hand dexterous manipulation. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Curricula

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