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Detecting QT prolongation From a Single-lead ECG With Deep Learning

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Alam, Ridwan Aguirre, Aaron D. Stultz, Collin M. Research Laboratory of Electronics MIT CambridgeMA United States Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory MIT CambridgeMA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT CambridgeMA United States Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMA United States Division of Cardiology Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMA United States Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology CambridgeMA United States Institute for Medical Engineering and Science MIT CambridgeMA United States

Background and Aims For a number of antiarrhythmics, drug loading requires a 3-day hospitalization with monitoring for QT-prolongation. Automated QT monitoring with wearable ECG monitors would facilitate out-of-hospital care. We aim to develop a deep learning model that infers QT intervals from ECG lead-I - the lead most often acquired from ambulatory ECG monitors - and we use this model to detect clinically meaningful QT-prolongation episodes during Dofetilide drug loading. Methods Using 4.22 million 12-lead ECG recordings from 903.6 thousand patients at the Massachusetts General Hospital, we develop a deep learning model, QTNet, that infers QT intervals from lead-I. Over 3 million ECGs from 653 thousand patients are used to train the model and an internal-test set containing 633 thousand ECGs from 135 thousand patients was used for testing. QTNet is further evaluated on an external-validation set containing 3.1 million ECGs from 667 thousand patients at another institution. QTNet was used to detect Dofetilide-induced QT prolongation in a publicly available database (ECGRDVQ-dataset) containing ECGs from subjects enrolled in a clinical trial evaluating the effects of antiarrhythmic drugs. Results QTNet achieves mean absolute errors of 12.63ms (internal-test) and 12.30ms (external-validation) for estimating absolute QT intervals. The associated Pearson correlation coefficients are 0.91 (internal-test) and 0.92 (external-validation). For the ECGRDVQ-dataset, QTNet detects Dofetilide-induced QTc prolongation with 87% sensitivity and 77% specificity. The negative predictive value of the model is greater than 95% when the pre-test probability of drug-induced QTc prolongation is below 25%. Conclusions Drug-induced QT prolongation risk can be tracked from ECG lead-I using deep learning. This research leads the path toward out-of-hospital care using wearable ECG devices for antiarrhythmic therapies. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

Noise reduction technique for raman spectrum using deep learning network

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Pan, Liangrui Daengngam, Chalongrat Pipitsunthonsan, Pronthep Booranawong, Apidach Zhang, Peng Chongcheawchamnan, Mitchai Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Prince of Songkla University Thailand Division of Physical Science Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University Thailand

In a normal indoor environment, Raman spectrum encounters noise often conceal spectrum peak, leading to difficulty in spectrum intepretation. This paper proposes deep learning (DL) based noise reduction technique for Raman spectroscopy. The proposed DL network is developed with several training and test sets of noisy Raman spectrum. The proposed technique is applied to denoise and compare the performance with different wavelet noise reduction methods. Output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) are the performance evaluation index. It is shown that output SNR of the proposed noise reduction technology is 10.24 dB greater than that of the wavelet noise reduction method while the RMSE and the MAPE are 292.63 and 10.09, which are much better than the proposed technique. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Raman scattering

Streamlined fabrication of an inexpensive hygroscopic composite for low maintenance evaporative cooling of solar panels

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Materials science and engineering R: Reports 2025年 165卷

作者： Fang, Huangyu Dang, Saichao Kumar, Prasanth Wang, Jiake Xu, Lujia Zhu, Yingkun Almogbel, Abdullah Albadri, Abdulrahman De Wolf, Stefaan Gan, Qiaoqiang Sustainable Photonics Energy Research Laboratory Material Science Engineering Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering The State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260 United States KAUST Solar Center Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Nanotechnology & Semiconductor National Research Center King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Riyadh11442 Saudi Arabia King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia

Photovoltaic (PV) panels are essential for clean energy solutions, but their efficiency and durability often suffer in tropical regions due to high operating temperatures and intense solar irradiance. This study introduces a streamlined fabrication process for a sodium polyacrylate (PAAS)-LiCl composite material, engineered as an inexpensive evaporative cooling layer affixed to the rear surface of PVs. The composite exploits the hygroscopic properties of the desiccant, enabling it to absorb moisture overnight and facilitate evaporative cooling throughout daylight hours. By optimizing the mixture ratio, the stored water in a 10-mm-thick composite layer achieves an evaporative cooling power of 373 W/m² in a controlled laboratory setting. To ensure optimal cooling of PVs, maintaining a consistent evaporation rate to release moisture throughout the daytime period is crucial. Comprehensive outdoor experiments over 20 days demonstrated the robustness of this cooling layer under natural conditions. The cooling layer achieved a peak temperature reduction of 14.1°C in 38°C ambient conditions, enhancing the PV panel's maximum power output by 12.9 %. Throughout a 10-hour daily cooling cycle, the average evaporative cooling power was approximately 175 W/m², resulting in an average temperature decrease of 9.4°C and a corresponding increase of 10.2 % in the PV panel's average power output. This cooling strategy promises to significantly extend the operational lifespan of PV panels by more than 200 % and decrease the levelized cost of electricity by 18 %. This integration of a passive cooling strategy, durable hydrogel material, and scalable manufacturing process positions this approach as a viable solution for large-scale deployment in solar farms, particularly in warm and humid climates. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Cleaning

Quantum Algorithms and Applications for Open Quantum Systems

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Delgado-Granados, Luis H. Krogmeier, Timothy J. Sager-Smith, LeeAnn M. Avdic, Irma Hu, Zixuan Sajjan, Manas Abbasi, Maryam Smart, Scott E. Narang, Prineha Kais, Sabre Schlimgen, Anthony W. Head-Marsden, Kade Mazziotti, David A. Department of Chemistry The James Franck Institute The University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Chemistry Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO61630 United States Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Department of Chemistry and Physics Saint Mary’s College Notre DameIN46556 United States Department of Chemistry Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Division of Physical Sciences College of Letters and Science University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States

Accurate models for open quantum systems—quantum states that have non-trivial interactions with their environment—may aid in the advancement of a diverse array of fields, including quantum computation, informatics, and the prediction of static and dynamic molecular properties. In recent years, quantum algorithms have been leveraged for the computation of open quantum systems as the predicted quantum advantage of quantum devices over classical ones may allow previously inaccessible applications. Accomplishing this goal will require input and expertise from different research perspectives, as well as the training of a diverse quantum workforce, making a compilation of current quantum methods for treating open quantum systems both useful and timely. In this Review, we first provide a succinct summary of the fundamental theory of open quantum systems and then delve into a discussion on recent quantum algorithms. We conclude with a discussion of pertinent applications, demonstrating the applicability of this field to realistic chemical, biological, and material systems. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum computers

C60-based ionic salt electron shuttle for high-performance inverted perovskite solar modules

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science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6750期388卷 eadv4701页

作者： Shuai You Hongwei Zhu Zhongjin Shen Xiaoming Wang Bingyao Shao Qingxiao Wang Jianxun Lu Youyou Yuan Benjia Dak Dou Erin M Sanehira Todd Russell Adam Lorenz Yifan Dong Lei Chen Marco Casareto Nicholas Rolston Matthew C Beard Joseph J Berry Marina Freitag Yanfa Yan Osman M Bakr Kai Zhu Chemistry and Nanoscience Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO USA. Division of Physical Science and Engineering Center for Renewable Energy and Storage Technologies (CREST) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia. School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK. Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization The University of Toledo Toledo OH USA. Imaging and Characterization Core Lab King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia. CubicPV Inc. Bedford MA USA. School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA. Materials Science Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO USA. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA. Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA.

Although C is usually the electron transport layer (ETL) in inverted perovskite solar cells, its molecular nature of C leads to weak interfaces that lead to non-ideal interfacial electronic and mechanical degradation. Here, we synthesized an ionic salt from C, 4-(1',5'-dihydro-1'-methyl-2'-[5,6] fullereno-C--[1,9-c]pyrrol-2'-yl) phenylmethanaminium chloride (CPMAC), and used it as the electron shuttle in inverted PSCs. The CH-NH head group in the CPMA cation improved the ETL interface and the ionic nature enhanced the packing, leading to ~3-fold increase in the interfacial toughness compared to C. Using CPMAC, we obtained ~26% power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) with ~2% degradation after 2,100 hours of 1-sun operation at 65°C. For minimodules (four subcells, 6 centimeters square), we achieved the PCE of ~23% with <9% degradation after 2,200 hours of operation at 55°C.

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All-optical control of exciton flow in a colloidal quantum well complex

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Light(science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1749-1756页

作者： Junhong Yu Manoj Sharma Ashma Sharma Savas Delikanli Hilmi Volkan Demir Cuong Dang LUMINOUS Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and DisplaysSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringThe Photonics Institute(TPI)Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Avenue639798 SingaporeSingapore Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and NanotechnologyBilkent UniversityBilkent06800 AnkaraTurkey School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Physics and Applied PhysicsNanyang Technological University639798 SingaporeSingapore CINTRA UMI CNRS/NTU/THALES 3288 Research Techno Plaza50 Nanyang DriveBorder X BlockLevel 6637553 SingaporeSingapore

Excitonics,an alternative to romising for processing information since semiconductor electronics is rapidly approaching the end of Moore’s ***,the development of excitonic devices,where exciton flow is controlled,is mainly focused on electric-field modulation or exciton polaritons in high-Q ***,we show an alloptical strategy to manipulate the exciton flow in a binary colloidal quantum well complex through mediation of the Förster resonance energy transfer(FRET)by stimulated *** the spontaneous emission regime,FRET naturally occurs between a donor and an *** contrast,upon stronger excitation,the ultrafast consumption of excitons by stimulated emission effectively engineers the excitonic flow from the donors to the ***,the acceptors’stimulated emission significantly accelerates the exciton flow,while the donors’stimulated emission almost stops this *** this basis,a FRET-coupled rate equation model is derived to understand the controllable exciton flow using the density of the excited donors and the unexcited *** results will provide an effective alloptical route for realizing excitonic devices under room temperature operation.

关键词： process flow quantum

Three-Dimensional Electromagnetic Void Space

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physical Review Letters 2021年第12期127卷 123902-123902页

作者： Changqing Xu Hongchen Chu Jie Luo Zhi Hong Hang Ying Wu Yun Lai Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China School of Physical Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China

Electromagnetic void space is a medium, while geometrically occupying a finite volume of space, optically equivalent to an infinitesimal point, in which electromagnetic waves do not experience any phase accumulation. Here, we report the first realization of three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic void space by an all-dielectric photonic crystal possessing vanishing permittivity and permeability simultaneously. The 3D electromagnetic void space offers distinctive functionalities inaccessible to its 2D or acoustic counterparts because of the fundamental changes in topology, which comes from the ascension of dimensionality as well as the transverse nature of electromagnetic waves. In particular, we demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, that the transmission through such a 3D void space is unaffected by its inner boundaries, but highly sensitive to the outer boundaries. This enables many applications such as the impurity “antidoping” effect, outer-boundary-controlled switching, and 3D perfect wave steering. Our work paves a road toward 3D exotic optics of an optically infinitesimal point.

关键词： Metamaterials Photonic crystals

Optically-generated focused ultrasound for noninvasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Yueming Jiang, Ying Lan, Lu Ge, Xiaowei Cheng, Ran Zhan, Yuewei Chen, Guo Shi, Linli Wang, Runyu Zheng, Nan Yang, Chen Cheng, Ji-Xin Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Graduate Program for Neuroscience Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Chemistry Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States

High precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological diseases. Current non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited precision at the millimeter-level. Here, we report optically-generated focused ultrasound (OFUS) for non-invasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision. OFUS is generated by a soft optoacoustic pad (SOAP) fabricated through embedding candle soot nanoparticles in a curved polydimethylsiloxane film. SOAP generates a transcranial ultrasound focus at 15 MHz with an ultrahigh lateral resolution of 83 µm, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS). Here, we show effective OFUS neurostimulation in vitro with a single ultrasound cycle. We demonstrate submillimeter transcranial stimulation of the mouse motor cortex in vivo. An acoustic energy of 0.6 mJ/cm2, four orders of magnitude less than that of tFUS, is sufficient for successful OFUS neurostimulation. OFUS offers new capabilities for neuroscience studies and disease treatments by delivering a focus with ultrahigh precision non-invasively. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicones

Imaging 3D Chemistry at 1 nm Resolution with Fused Multi-Modal Electron Tomography

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Schwartz, Jonathan Di, Zichao Wendy Jiang, Yi Manassa, Jason Pietryga, Jacob Qian, Yiwen Cho, Min Gee Rowell, Jonathan L. Zheng, Huihuo Robinson, Richard D. Gu, Junsi Kirilin, Alexey Rozeveld, Steve Ercius, Peter Fessler, Jeffrey A. Xu, Ting Scott, Mary Hovden, Robert Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Advanced Photon Source Facility Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Department of Material Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA United States Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University IthacaNY United States Argonne Leadership Computing Facility Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Department of Material Science and Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY United States Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science Cornell University IthacaNY United States Dow Chemical Co. MidlandMI United States National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States

Measuring the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of chemistry in nanoscale matter is a longstanding challenge for metrological science. The inelastic scattering events required for 3D chemical imaging are too rare, requiring high beam exposure that destroys the specimen before an experiment completes. Even larger doses are required to achieve high resolution. Thus, chemical mapping in 3D has been unachievable except at lower resolution with the most radiation-hard materials. Here, high-resolution 3D chemical imaging is achieved near or below one nanometer resolution in a Au-Fe3O4 metamaterial, Co3O4 - Mn3O4 core-shell nanocrystals, and ZnS-Cu0.64S0.36 nanomaterial using fused multi-modal electron tomography. Multi-modal data fusion enables high-resolution chemical tomography often with 99% less dose by linking information encoded within both elastic (HAADF) and inelastic (EDX / EELS) signals. Now sub-nanometer 3D resolution of chemistry is measurable for a broad class of geometrically and compositionally complex materials. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Zinc sulfide