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Extremely large water droplet impact onto a deep liquid pool

physical Review E 2024年第4期109卷 045107-045107页

作者： Sandip Dighe Dilip Kumar Maity Jeffrey N. Fonnesbeck Som Dutta Tadd Truscott Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA

Most studies of droplet impact on liquid pools focus on droplet diameters up to the capillary length (0.27 cm). We break from convention and study extremely large water droplets (1 to 6 cm diameter) falling into a pool of water. We demonstrate that the depth and width of the cavity formed by large droplet impact is greatly influenced by the deformed shape of the droplet at impact (i.e., prolate, spherical, and oblate), and larger droplets amplify this behavior by flattening before impact. In particular, the maximum cavity depth is a function of the Froude number and axis ratio of the droplet just before impact. Further, the cavity depth is more dependent on the droplet height than width, and the maximum cavity diameter is independent of the droplet height. In general, we observe that more oblate droplets result in decreasing cavity depths for a fixed liquid volume. This is because an increase in horizontal droplet diameter results in a reduced impact energy flux and therefore reduced cavity depth.

关键词： Capillary interactions Drop breakup Drops & bubbles Thin fluid films Wakes & jets Water

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On Error-Based Step Size Control for Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Compressible Fluid Dynamics

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应用数学与计算数学学报 2025年第1期7卷 3-39页

作者： Hendrik Ranocha Andrew R.Winters Hugo Guillermo Castro Lisandro Dalcin Michael Schlottke-Lakemper Gregor J.Gassner Matteo Parsani Applied Mathematics University of HamburgBundesstr.5520146 HamburgGermany Department of Mathematics Applied Mathematics Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden Extreme Computing Research Center(ECRC) Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division(CEMSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Applied and Computational Mathematics RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany High-Performance Computing Center Stuttgart University of StuttgartStuttgartGermany Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of CologneCologneGermany Center for Data and Simulation Science University of CologneCologneGermany Extreme Computing Research Center(ECRC) Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division(CEMSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Physical Science and Engineering Division(PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

We study a temporal step size control of explicit Runge-Kutta(RK)methods for com-pressible computational fluid dynamics(CFD),including the Navier-Stokes equations and hyperbolic systems of conservation laws such as the Euler *** demonstrate that error-based approaches are convenient in a wide range of applications and compare them to more classical step size control based on a Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)*** numerical examples show that the error-based step size control is easy to use,robust,and efficient,e.g.,for(initial)transient periods,complex geometries,nonlinear shock captur-ing approaches,and schemes that use nonlinear entropy *** demonstrate these properties for problems ranging from well-understood academic test cases to industrially relevant large-scale computations with two disjoint code bases,the open source Julia pack-ages *** with *** and the C/Fortran code SSDC based on PETSc.

关键词： Explicit Runge-Kutta(RK)methods Step size control Compressible fluid dynamics Adaptivity in space and time Shock capturing

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Brillouin Klein space and half-turn space in three-dimensional acoustic crystals

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science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2050-2058页

作者： Zhenxiao Zhu Linyun Yang Jien Wu Yan Meng Xiang Xi Bei Yan Jingming Chen Jiuyang Lu Xueqin Huang Weiyin Deng Ce Shang Perry Ping Shum Yihao Yang Hongsheng Chen Kexin Xiang Gui-Geng Liu Zhengyou Liu Zhen Gao State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China School of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro-and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST) Physical Science and Engineering Division(PSE)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation CenterCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZJU-UIUC InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

The Bloch band theory and Brillouin zone(BZ)that characterize wave-like behaviors in periodic mediums are two cornerstones of contemporary physics,ranging from condensed matter to topological *** theoretical breakthrough revealed that,under the projective symmetry algebra enforced by artificial gauge fields,the usual two-dimensional(2D)BZ(orientable Brillouin two-torus)can be fundamentally modified to a non-orientable Brillouin Klein bottle with radically distinct manifold ***,the physical consequence of artificial gauge fields on the more general three-dimensional(3D)BZ(orientable Brillouin three-torus)was so far ***,we theoretically discovered and experimentally observed that the fundamental domain and topology of the usual 3D BZ can be reduced to a non-orientable Brillouin Klein space or an orientable Brillouin half-turn space in a 3D acoustic crystal with artificial gauge *** experimentally identify peculiar 3D momentum-space non-symmorphic screw rotation and glide reflection symmetries in the measured band ***,we experimentally demonstrate a novel stacked weak Klein bottle insulator featuring a nonzero Z2 topological invariant and self-collimated topological surface states at two opposite surfaces related by a nonlocal twist,radically distinct from all previous 3D topological *** discovery not only fundamentally modifies the fundamental domain and topology of 3D BZ,but also opens the door towards a wealth of previously overlooked momentum-space multidimensional manifold topologies and novel gaugesymmetry-enriched topological physics and robust acoustic wave manipulations beyond the existing paradigms.

关键词： Momentum-space non-symmorphic symmetry Brillouin Klein space and half-turn space Acoustic Klein bottle insulator Self-collimated topological surface states

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Effects of superhydrophobic sand mulching on evapotranspiration and phenotypic responses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants under normal and reduced irrigation

Plant-Environment Interactions

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Plant-Environment Interactions 2022年第2期3卷 74-88页

作者： Odokonyero, Kennedy Gallo, Adair Dos Santos, Vinicius Mishra, Himanshu Environmental Science and Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia

Irrigated agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions is a vital contributor to the global food supply. However, these regions endure massive evaporative losses that are compensated by exploiting limited freshwater resources. To increase water-use efficiency in these giga-scale operations, plastic mulches are utilized;however, their non-biodegradability and eventual land-filling renders them unsustainable. In response, we have developed superhydrophobic sand (SHS) mulching technology that is comprised of sand grains or sandy soils with a nanoscale coating of paraffin wax. Here, we investigate the effects of 1 cm-thick SHS mulching on the evapotranspiration and phenotypic responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants as a model system under normal and reduced irrigation inside controlled growth chambers. Experimental results reveal that under either irrigation scenario, SHS mulching suppresses evaporation and enhances transpiration by 78% and 17%, respectively relative to the unmulched soil. Comprehensive phenotyping revealed that SHS mulching enhanced root xylem vessel diameter, stomatal aperture, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content index by 21%, 25%, 28%, and 23%, respectively, in comparison with the unmulched soil. Consequently, total fruit yields, total dry mass, and harvest index increased in SHS-mulched plants by 33%, 20%, and 16%, respectively compared with the unmulched soil. We also provide mechanistic insights into the effects of SHS mulching on plant physiological processes. These results underscore the potential of SHS for realizing food–water security and greening initiatives in arid regions. © 2022 The Authors. Plant-Environment Interactions published by New Phytologist Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： chlorophyll content index evapotranspiration food–water security mulching Solanum lycopersicum stomatal conductance superhydrophobic sand transpiration efficiency

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Multi-Panel Extra-Large Scale MIMO Based Joint Activity Detection and Channel Estimation for Near-Field Massive IoT Access

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China Communications 2023年第5期20卷 232-243页

作者： Zhen Gao Hanlin Xiu Yikun Mei Anwen Liao Malong Ke Chun Hu Mohamed-Slim Alouini School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-Field Intelligent Sensing Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China The Advanced Technology Research Institute of Beijing Institute of Technology Jinan 250307China Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology(Jiaxing) Jiaxing 314019China Electrical Engineering Program Division of Physical Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955Saudi Arabia

The extra-large scale multiple-input multiple-output(XL-MIMO)for the beyond fifth/sixth generation mobile communications is a promising technology to provide Tbps data transmission and stable access ***,the extremely large antenna array aperture arouses the channel near-field effect,resulting in the deteriorated data rate and other challenges in the practice communication ***,multi-panel MIMO technology has attracted extensive attention due to its flexible configuration,low hardware cost,and wider *** combining the XL-MIMO and multi-panel array structure,we construct multi-panel XL-MIMO and apply it to massive Internet of Things(IoT)***,we model the multi-panel XL-MIMO-based near-field channels for massive IoT access scenarios,where the electromagnetic waves corresponding to different panels have different angles of arrival/departure(AoAs/AoDs).Then,by exploiting the sparsity of the near-field massive IoT access channels,we formulate a compressed sensing based joint active user detection(AUD)and channel estimation(CE)problem which is solved by AMP-EM-MMV *** simulation results exhibit the superiority of the AMP-EM-MMV based joint AUD and CE scheme over the baseline algorithms.

关键词： extra-large scale MIMO massive IoT access active user detection channel estimation multipanel approximate message passing

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Silicon-Based Charge Trapping Memory Devices for Next-Generation Flexible Electronics Application

IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics

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IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics 2023年第5期2卷 408-413页

作者： Das, Uttam Kumar Aslam, Nabeel Hussain, Muhammad Mustafa El-Atab, Nazek Program of ECE Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia KAUST Core Labs Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia Purdue University Elmore Family School of ECE West LafayetteIN47907 United States

Silicon-based charge trapping memory (CTM) devices currently dominate the nonvolatile memory (NVM) technology due to their excellent reliability, scalability, and maturity of the manufacturing process;however, they are rigid, which limits their potential in futuristic applications, such as wearables and flexible displays, among many others;moreover, the majority of previously reported studies on flexible NVM have been limited to either nonsilicon-based CTM or to emerging NVM technologies, such as ferroelectric random access memory and memristors, among others, which still need to overcome different challenges, including, but not limited to, reliability issues and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. In this article, a flexible silicon-based CTM device is developed using a volumetric reduction process. A MOS memory structure with a 7-nm thin Si3N4 layer embedded between 5-nm tunneling (SiO2) and 9-nm blocking oxides (Al2O3) is first fabricated. Next, a backside sequential etching process transforms the rigid die into an ultrathin (20μm) flexible Si die for future application in flexible electronics. The fabricated two-terminal device exhibits a 2.32 V memory window in both rigid and bent states, as observed using capacitance-voltage measurements. A three-terminal version of the device was also developed, where the source and drain terminals were activated using an in situ doped plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) process. The flexible encapsulated chip was tested using current-voltage measurements, and the performance was compared at different mechanical bending conditions. The electrical characterization confirms that the flexible devices show similar endurance (104 cycles) and retention (105s) performances to their rigid counterparts. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Aluminum oxide

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Advanced technologies in InGaN micro-LED fabrication to mitigate the sidewall effect

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光：科学与应用（英文版） 2025年第2期14卷 307-332页

作者： Zhiyuan Liu Haicheng Cao Xiao Tang Tingang Liu Yi Lu Zixian Jiang Na Xiao Xiaohang Li Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering ProgramCEMSE DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The size of InGaN micro-LEDs is continuously decreasing to meet the demands of various emerging applications,especially in tiny micro-displays such as AR/***,the conventional pixel definition based on plasma etching significantly damages the mesa sidewalls,leading to a severe reduction in efficiency as the micro-LED size *** seriously impedes the development and application of *** this work,we comprehensively explain the origin of micro-LED sidewall effects and corresponding physical ***,we systematically review recent progress in micro-LED fabrication aiming at suppressing sidewall ***,we discuss advancements in micro-LED fabrication with"damage-free"techniques,which hold the potential to fundamentally address the issue of plasma damage in the micro-LED *** believe this review will deepen the understanding of micro-LED sidewall effects and provide a better insight into the latest associated fabrication technologies for high-efficient InGaN micro-LEDs.

关键词： technologies micro-led advanced ingan effect fabrication mitigate sidewall

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Experimental investigation of low-NOx H2 combustion using simultaneous Raman and LIF spectroscopy

Experimental investigation of low-NOx H2 combustion using si...

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AIAA science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Al Hadi, Z. Basnet, S. Marragou, S. Sharma, P. Schuller, T. Guiberti, T.F. Magnotti, G. Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de T95T Université de Toulouse CNRS Toulouse France France

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The global push toward decarbonization has positioned hydrogen as a key contender for clean energy applications. This study explores low-NOx hydrogen/air combustion in a lifted flame configuration using simultaneous 1D Raman and OH-LIF spectroscopy. High resolution measurements of temperature and species concentrations (H2, O2, and OH) provide crucial information on the structure of the flame and the stabilization mechanisms within a dual-swirl burner. The results reveal distinct inner and outer reaction fronts, each exhibiting unique combustion behaviors due to differences in gas composition, temperature, turbulence levels, and strain rates. The study focuses on the dynamics of the edge flame at the base of the outer reaction front, where air and hydrogen progressively mix along the flow axis. Detailed analysis of flow structure, flame dynamics, and properties at key locations highlights the interplay between flow and combustion processes. These findings provide a unique experimental data set for understanding the fundamental characteristics of swirled H2 flames, validating numerical models, and guiding the development of optimized low-NOx H2 combustion systems. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Flow structure

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Deciphering DNA variant-associated aberrant splicing with the aid of RNA sequencing (vol 55, pg 732, 2023)

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NATURE GENETICS 2023年第7期55卷 1251-1251页

作者： Zhang, Bin Gao, Xin Computer Science Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia KAUST Computational Bioscience Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

Aberrant RNA splicing events resulting from DNA variations are common causes of genetic disorders. Two studies published in Nature Genetics independently describe methods to decipher DNA-variant-associated aberrant sp... 详细信息

关键词： Data mining High-throughput screening

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Light extraction improvement via ITO p-electrodes for InGaN red micro-LEDs emitting at 640 nm

Optics Continuum

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Optics Continuum 2025年第5期4卷 1040-1050页

作者： Cesur Altinkaya Mohammed A Najmi Daisuke Iida Kazuhiro Ohkawa Material Science and Engineering Program Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia cesur.altinkaya@kaust.edu.sa Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia daisuke.iida@kaust.edu.sa kazuhiro.ohkawa@kaust.edu.sa

We present light extraction efficiency (LEE) improvement for InGaN red micro-light emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) of various sizes operating at low current densities. We compared the characteristics of micro-LEDs with indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent p-electrodes with conventional opaque metal p-electrodes. 50 µm × 50 µm micro-LEDs with ITO p-electrodes achieved a peak on-wafer external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.54% with an emission wavelength of 640 nm at a current density as low as 0.4 A/cm 2 . This represents a 1.18-fold improvement in peak EQE compared to devices with metal p-electrodes. Light ray tracing simulation confirmed that the ITO p-electrodes exhibit 1.18 times higher light escape than metal-based micro-LEDs, validating the role of enhanced light extraction. These findings provide valuable insights for advancing high-definition display and VR applications.

关键词： Atomic layer deposition Indium tin oxide Light extraction Opacity Quantum efficiency Ray tracing

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