检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Ultrasound underwater coherent perfect absorbers

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

physical Review Applied 2025年第5期23卷 054023-054023页

作者： Julio A. Iglesias Martínez Mohamed Farhat Ying Wu Abdelkrim Khelif Institut FEMTO-ST CNRS UMR 6174 University Bourgogne Franche-Comté 15B Avenue des Montboucons 25000 Besançon Cedex France Institut Jean Lamour CNRS UMR 7198 University Lorraine 2 allée André Guinier BP 50840 54011 Nancy Cedex France Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia College of Science and Engineering Hamad bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar

In this paper, we propose a coherent perfect absorber for the underwater ultrasound regime (MHz frequencies), inspired by the mechanism of Salisbury, which relies on reflective conductive sheets. By leveraging a silicon-based acoustoelastic metasurface with thin periodic slits acting as Fabry-Pérot resonators, and by focusing on realizing an efficient ultrasound underwater steel bandgap mirror, we observe coherent perfect absorption (CPA) both numerically and experimentally at frequencies around 0.6 and 1.2 MHz, with the latter exhibiting strong absorption of coherent acoustic wave energy by the water due to the intense spatial confinement of pressure within the slits. The robustness of this CPA device is also demonstrated, in particular with respect to oblique incidence. Due to the simplicity of our design, we expect it to open avenues in underwater ultrasonics, with many applications for ultrasound imaging and stealth, to name a few.

关键词： Ultrasonography

Large language models for diabetes training:a prospective study

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

science Bulletin 2025年第6期70卷 934-942页

作者： Haoxuan Li Zehua Jiang Zhouyu Guan Yuqian Bao Yuexing Liu Tingting Hu Jiajia Li Ruhan Liu Liang Wu Di Cheng Hongwei Ji Yong Wang Ya-Xing Wang Carol Y.Cheung Yingfeng Zheng Jihong Wang Zhen Li Weibing Wu Cynthia Ciwei Lim Yong Mong Bee Hong Chang Tan Elif I.Ekinci David C.Klonoff Justin B.Echouffo-Tcheugui Nestoras Mathioudakis Leonor Corsino Rafael Simó Charumathi Sabanayagam Gavin Siew Wei Tan Ching-Yu Cheng Tien Yin Wong Huating Li Chun Cai Lijuan Mao Lee-Ling Lim Yih-Chung Tham Bin Sheng Weiping Jia Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai 200438China School of Clinical Medicine Beijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalTsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute(BERI) Tsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSchool of ElectronicInformationand Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Diabetes InstituteShanghai Clinical Center for DiabetesShanghai 200240China MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Cardiology the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266011China CEMS NCMISHCMSMADISAcademy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key LaboratoryBeijing 100730China k.Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesGuangzhou 510060China Department of Renal Medicine Singapore General HospitalSingHealth-Duke Academic Medical CentreSingapore169

Diabetes poses a considerable global health challenge,with varying levels of diabetes knowledge among healthcare professionals,highlighting the importance of diabetes *** Language Models(LLMs)provide new insights into diabetes training,but their performance in diabetes-related queries remains uncertain,especially outside the English language like *** first evaluated the performance of ten LLMs:ChatGPT-3.5,ChatGPT-4.0,Google Bard,LlaMA-7B,LlaMA2-7B,Baidu ERNIE Bot,Ali Tongyi Qianwen,MedGPT,HuatuoGPT,and Chinese LlaMA2-7B on diabetes-related queries,based on the Chinese National Certificate Examination for Primary Diabetes Care in China(NCE-CPDC)and the English Specialty Certificate Examination in Endocrinology and Diabetes of Membership of the Royal College of Physicians of the United ***,we assessed the training of primary care physicians(PCPs)without and with the assistance of ChatGPT-4.0 in the NCE-CPDC examination to ascertain the reliability of LLMs as medical *** found that ChatGPT-4.0 outperformed other LLMs in the English examination,achieving a passing accuracy of 62.50%,which was significantly higher than that of Google Bard,LlaMA-7B,and *** the NCE-CPFC examination,ChatGPT-4.0,Ali Tongyi Qianwen,Baidu ERNIE Bot,Google Bard,MedGPT,and ChatGPT-3.5 successfully passed,whereas LlaMA2-7B,HuatuoGPT,Chinese LLaMA2-7B,and LlaMA-7B ***-4.0(84.82%)surpassed all PCPs and assisted most PCPs in the NCE-CPDC examination(improving by 1%–6.13%).In summary,LLMs demonstrated outstanding competence for diabetes-related questions in both the Chinese and English language,and hold great potential to assist future diabetes training for physicians globally.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetestraining Largelanguagemodels Primarydiabetescare Prospectivestudy

Isomeric 1,4-Dihydropentalene-Containing Building Blocks for High Mobility Ladder-Type Conjugated Polymers

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Angewandte Chemie 2025年

作者： Shengnan Zhang Yuqian Liu Hao Dong Yanru Li Kai Zhang Kaihu Xian Prof. Yang Han Prof. Long Ye Prof. Martin Heeney Prof. Zhuping Fei Institute of Molecular Plus Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits Ministry of Education Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China School of Materials Science & Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China Institute for Electric Light Sources School of Information Science and Technology Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering Chemistry Program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

Nearly amorphous conjugated polymers, though lacking long-range order, can exhibit high charge carrier mobility and enhanced flexibility, making them ideal for flexible or stretchable OFET applications. However, research on novel structural blocks for this class of materials remains limited. We report the synthesis of two derivatives of the 5,10-dihydroindeno[2,1- a ]indene (DHI) core, where two thieno groups are appended to each end to reduce torsional disorder with adjacent comonomers. The two 1,4-dihydropentalene containing isomers, anti-C16DHIT-Br and syn-C16DHIT-Br, feature distinct thieno group orientations, leading to differences in their electronic properties. The anti-isomer shows a fully delocalized conjugation pathway, whereas the syn isomer exhibits cross-conjugation, limiting delocalization along the polymer backbone. These monomers were copolymerized with benzothiadiazole (BT) to form two conjugated polymers, anti-C16DHIT-BT and syn-C16DHIT-BT, both with highly planar backbones, good solubility, and solution processability. Morphological studies reveal that anti-C16DHIT-BT exhibits more ordered stacking and higher crystallinity than syn-C16DHIT-BT. Devices based on anti-C16DHIT-BT show significantly better performance, with a hole mobility of 2.38 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , slightly higher than the widely studied pIDTBT under identical conditions.

关键词： Conjugated polymers High mobility Isomerization effect Novel building blocks Organic field-effect transistors

Dynamic Covalent Bonds Enabled Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Recyclability and Material Circularity

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Angewandte Chemie 2024年第40期136卷

作者： Xiaotong Fan Jie Zheng Jayven Chee Chuan Yeo Sheng Wang Ke Li Joseph Kinyanjui Muiruri Nikos Hadjichristidis Zibiao Li Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment (ISCE2) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island Singapore 627833 Republic of Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis #08-03 Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore Polymer Synthesis Laboratory Chemistry Program KAUST Catalysis Center Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia Department of Materials Science & Engineering National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117575 Republic of Singapore

Due to their remarkable features of lightweight, high strength, stiffness, high-temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance, carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are extensively used in sports equipment, vehicles, aircraft, windmill blades, and other sectors. The urging need to develop a resource-saving and environmentally responsible society requires the recycling of CFRPs. Traditional CFRPs, on the other hand, are difficult to recycle due to the permanent covalent crosslinking of polymer matrices. The combination of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) with carbon fibers (CFs) marks a new development path for closed-loop recyclable CFRPs and polymer resins. In this review, we summarize the most recent developments of closed-loop recyclable CFRPs from the unique paradigm of dynamic crosslinking polymers, CANs. These sophisticated materials with diverse functions, oriented towards CFs recycling and resin sustainability, are further categorized into several active domains of dynamic covalent bonds, including ester bonds, imine bonds, disulfide bonds, boronic ester bonds, and acetal linkages, etc. Finally, the possible strategies for the future design of recyclable CFPRs by combining dynamic covalent chemistry innovation with materials interface science are proposed.

关键词： dynamic covalent bonds carbon fiber reinforced polymers recyclability materials circularity

No winners: Performance of lung cancer prediction models depends on screening-detected, incidental, and biopsied pulmonary nodule use cases.

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Thomas Z. Xu, Kaiwen Krishnan, Aravind Gao, Riqiang Kammer, Michael N. Antic, Sanja Xiao, David Knight, Michael Martinez, Yency Paez, Rafael Lentz, Robert J. Deppen, Stephen Grogan, Eric L. Lasko, Thomas A. Sandler, Kim L. Maldonado, Fabien Landman, Bennett A. Medical Scientist Training Program Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Computer Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Digital Technology and Innovation Siemens Healthineers PrincetonNJ08540 United States Division of Allergy Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN37232 United States Department of Thoracic Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN37232 United States Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN37232 United States Radiology and Radiological Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN37232 United States

Purpose: Statistical models for predicting lung cancer have the potential to facilitate earlier diagnosis of malignancy and avoid invasive workup of benign disease. Many models have been published, but comparative studies of their utility in different clinical settings in which patients would arguably most benefit are scarce. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated promising predictive models for lung cancer prediction in three clinical settings: lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography, incidentally detected pulmonary nodules, and nodules deemed suspicious enough to warrant a biopsy. We leveraged 9 cohorts (n=898, 896, 882, 219, 364, 117, 131, 115, 373) from multiple institutions to assess the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of validated models including logistic regressions on clinical variables and radiologist nodule characterizations, artificial intelligence on chest CTs, longitudinal imaging AI, and multi-modal approaches. We implemented each model from their published literature, re-training the models if necessary, and curated each cohort from primary data sources. Results: We observed that model performance varied greatly across clinical use cases. No single predictive model emerged as a clear winner across all cohorts, but certain models excelled in specific clinical contexts. Single timepoint chest CT AI performed well in lung screening, but struggled to generalize to other clinical settings. Longitudinal imaging and multimodal models demonstrated comparatively promising performance on incidentally-detected nodules. However, when applied to nodules that underwent biopsy, all models underperformed. Conclusion: These results underscore the strengths and limitations of 8 validated predictive models and highlight promising directions towards personalized, noninvasive lung cancer diagnosis. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Biopsy

Giant Electroresistance Switching of Two-dimensional Ferroelectric α-In2Se3 on p+-Si

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Giant Electroresistance Switching of Two-dimensional Ferroel...

International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Applications

作者： Ko-Chun Lee José Ramón Durán Retamal Fei Xue Bin Cheng Hao-Ling Tang Ming-Hui Chiu Wei-Jin Hu Chih-I Wu Mei-Hsin Chen Lain-Jong Li Chen-Hsin Lien Jr-Hau He Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Institute of Electronics Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences China Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Department of Electro-optical Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Australia

ISBN: (数字)9781728142326

ISBN: (纸本)9781728142333

Recently, the demonstration of the ferroelectricity of α phase In 2 Se 3 (α-In 2 Se 3 ) has opened new opportunities to develop two-dimensional small bandgap ferroelectric memories. Conventional ferroelectric hetero-junction memories have been widely studied but the performance is still limited by the large bandgap of oxide-based ferroelectric materials and limits the diode ON current and results in low ON/OFF ratio. Accordingly, we propose a novel resistive switching memory device based on the unique ferroelectric and semiconductor properties of α-In 2 Se 3 . By forming the hetero-junction of α-In 2 Se 3 with the highly degenerated p+-Si substrate, we achieve a giant ferroelectric resistive ON/OFF ratio of 2.3 × 10 6 .

关键词： Electric potential Hysteresis Switches Resistance STEM Two dimensional displays Gold

A parameter-free differential evolution algorithm for the analytic continuation of imaginary time correlation functions

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

arXiv 2022年

作者： Nichols, Nathan S. Sokol, Paul Del Maestro, Adrian Data Science and Learning Division Argonne National Laboratory ArgonneIL60439 United States Department of Physics University of Vermont BurlingtonVT05405 United States Materials Science Program University of Vermont BurlingtonVT05404 United States Department of Physics Indiana University BloomingtonIN47408 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States

We report on Differential Evolution for Analytic Continuation (DEAC): a parameter-free evolutionary algorithm to generate the dynamic structure factor from imaginary time correlation functions. Our approach to this long-standing problem in quantum many-body physics achieves enhanced spectral fidelity while using fewer compute (CPU) hours. The need for fine-tuning of algorithmic control parameters is eliminated by embedding them within the genome to be optimized for this evolutionary computation based algorithm. Benchmarks are presented for models where the dynamic structure factor is known exactly, and experimentally relevant results are included for quantum Monte Carlo simulations of bulk 4He below the superuid transition temperature. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Functional analysis

AdS/CFT correspondence in hyperbolic lattices

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

arXiv 2023年

作者： Chen, Jingming Chen, Feiyu Yang, Linyun Yang, Yuting Chen, Zihan Wu, Ying Meng, Yan Yan, Bei Xi, Xiang Zhu, Zhenxiao Cheng, Minqi Liu, Gui-Geng Shum, Perry Ping Chen, Hongsheng Cai, Rong-Gen Yang, Run-Qiu Yang, Yihao Gao, Zhen Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China School of Materials Science and Physics China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou221116 China School of Physics Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore637371 Singapore Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering ZJU-UIUC Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Center for Joint Quantum Studies Department of Physics School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin300350 China State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Intellisense Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

The celebrated anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence1-3, also known as the gravity/gauge duality, posits a dual relationship between the quantum gravity in an AdS spacetime and the CFT defined on its lower-dimensional boundary. This correspondence not only offers profound insights into the enigmatic nature of quantum gravity but also shows mighty power in addressing strongly-correlated systems. However, despite its importance in contemporary physics, the AdS/CFT correspondence remains a conjecture, and further experimental investigation is highly sought after. Here, we present the first experimental exploration of this conjecture by testing its core corollary: the leading-order effects of a strongly-coupled CFT can be exactly described by a weakly-coupled classical field in a higher-dimensional AdS spacetime. Through measuring the bulk entanglement entropy (BEE) and boundary-boundary correlation function (BBCF) of scalar fields in both conventional type-I and previously overlooked type-II hyperbolic lattices, serving as the discretized regularizations of spatial geometries of pure AdS2+1 spacetime and AdS2+1 black hole, respectively, we experimentally confirm that BEE exhibits a logarithmic scaling with the subsystem size, following the Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) formula, while BBCF showcases an exponential law dependence on the boundary separation, the scaling dimension of which conforms to the Klebanov-Witten (KW) relation, both of which align remarkably well with the established CFT outcomes. This heuristic experimental effort opens a new avenue for in-depth investigations on the gravity/gauge duality and extensive exploration of quantum-gravity-inspired phenomena in classical systems. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Gravitation

Multimodal Whole Slide Foundation Model for Pathology

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

arXiv 2024年

作者： Ding, Tong Wagner, Sophia J. Song, Andrew H. Chen, Richard J. Lu, Ming Y. Zhang, Andrew Vaidya, Anurag J. Jaume, Guillaume Shaban, Muhammad Kim, Ahrong Williamson, Drew F.K. Chen, Bowen Almagro-Perez, Cristina Doucet, Paul Sahai, Sharifa Chen, Chengkuan Komura, Daisuke Kawabe, Akihiro Ishikawa, Shumpei Gerber, Georg Peng, Tingying Le, Long Phi Mahmood, Faisal Department of Pathology Mass General Brigham Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Data Science Program Dana-Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA United States Cancer Program Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT CambridgeMA United States John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Helmholtz Munich German Research Center for Environment and Health Munich Germany School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Pathology Pusan National University Busan Korea Republic of Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine AtlantaGA United States Harvard Data Science Initiative Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Department of Systems Biology Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Preventive Medicine Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Division of Pathology National Cancer Center Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center Chiba Japan

The field of computational pathology has been transformed with recent advances in foundation models that encode histopathology region-of-interests (ROIs) into versatile and transferable feature representations via self-supervised learning (SSL). However, translating these advancements to address complex clinical challenges at the patient and slide level remains constrained by limited clinical data in disease-specific cohorts, especially for rare clinical conditions. We propose TITAN, a multimodal whole slide foundation model pretrained using 335,645 WSIs via visual self-supervised learning and vision-language alignment with corresponding pathology reports and 423,122 synthetic captions generated from a multimodal generative AI copilot for pathology. Without any finetuning or requiring clinical labels, TITAN can extract general-purpose slide representations and generate pathology reports that generalize to resource-limited clinical scenarios such as rare disease retrieval and cancer prognosis. We evaluate TITAN on diverse clinical tasks and find that TITAN outperforms both ROI and slide foundation models across machine learning settings such as linear probing, few-shot and zero-shot classification, rare cancer retrieval and cross-modal retrieval, and pathology report generation. The model is publicly accessible at https://***/mahmoodlab/TITAN © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Self-supervised learning